The French Revolution and Napoleon

World History and Geography

Worksheet Answer Key

The French Revolution and Napoleon

CHAPTER WORKSHEETS

Assessing Background Knowledge

Answers will vary.

Vocabulary Activity

1. The bourgeoisie were the middle class, made up mainly of merchants, industrialists, and professional people such as doctors, lawyers, and bureaucrats.

2. Napoleon participated in the coup d¡¯¨¦tat, or sudden overthrow of the government, that resulted in a new form of the republic called the consulate, the

government established in France in 1799 over which Napoleon had complete

control.

3. Sans-culottes means ¡°without breeches.¡± The sansculottes were the members of the Paris Commune who wanted to be associated with ordinary patriots and therefore wore long trousers instead of the knee-length breeches

worn by the nobility.

4. Today estate usually refers to all the money and possessions a person holds

or to a large piece of owned property that includes a large house and its surrounding lands. At the time of the French Revolution, an estate was one of

the three classes into which French society was divided.

6. Electors, or qualified voters, chose the members of the two legislative houses

that made up the new French government.

7. The principle of intervention was the idea that the great powers of Europe

had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in

order to restore legitimate governments. The British argued against this principle and said that the great powers should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states.

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5. The taille was France¡¯s chief tax. Clergy were completely exempt from the

taille, and the nobility received certain tax exemptions.

8. Conservatism valued obedience to political authority, believed that organized

religion was crucial to keep order in society, and was unwilling to accept demands from people who wanted either individual rights or representative

governments. Liberalism held that people should be as free as possible from

government restraint, that civil liberties (basic individual rights) should be

protected by a written document, and that government should be representative.

9. Nationalism, the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols, became a powerful force for change in

Europe. People began to identify themselves as part of nations with distinctive languages, common institutions, and customs and came to believe that

each nationality should have its own government.

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World History and Geography

Worksheet Answer Key

The French Revolution and Napoleon

10. capable

11. capable

12. incapable

13. capable

14. incapable

15. Consumers in the Third Estate were angry because consumer prices continued to rise but wages did not, leaving them with decreased buying power.

Non-landowning peasants, also part of the Third Estate, resented certain duties and fees they owed to the nobles.

16. Yes, the word liberal is appropriate, because liberal values included broadmindedness, belief in especially economic freedom, and belief that people

should have greater participation in government, all of which were values of

the French revolutionaries.

17. The Committee of Public Safety tried to save the republic from domestic

threats by initiating the Reign of Terror: setting up revolutionary courts to

prosecute counterrevolutionaries and traitors.

18. A constitution is basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group

that determine the powers and duties of the government. A constitution also

guarantees certain rights to the people, including civil liberties.

20. Percent is a part of a whole divided into 100 parts.

LESSON WORKSHEETS

Guided Reading: Lesson 1 The French Revolution

Begins

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19. Olympe de Gouges, refusing to accept women¡¯s exclusion from political

rights, wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, in

which she insisted that women should have all the same rights as men.

I.A. The First Estate was clergy, the Second was nobles, and the Third was peasants, townspeople, and the bourgeoisie.

I.B. The French Revolution¡¯s immediate cause was the near collapse of the

French budget and the resulting food shortages and unemployment.

II.A. The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly when Louis XVI refused to change the voting structure in the Estates-General.

II.B. Parisian rebels attacked the Bastille, a prison and an armory. After intense

fighting, the warden surrendered.

II.C. The Great Fear was a time of vast panic. Peasants rebelled against the

monarchy and feared an invasion of foreign troops.

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World History and Geography

Worksheet Answer Key

The French Revolution and Napoleon

III.A. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen guaranteed basic liberties.

III.B. They wanted to change the old order, bring the Church under control of the

state, and get money by selling off Church lands.

III.C. Members organized protests, captured the king, made the Legislative Assembly suspend the monarchy, and called for a National Convention.

III.D. They were Paris Commune members who wore long pants to identify

themselves as ordinary people, not nobles.

Summary and Reflection

A complete answer should include: the budget crisis, food shortages, and unemployment; the social inequality of the three estates and growing peasant resentment of the lavish lifestyles of the nobility; Louis XVI¡¯s reluctance to reform the

Estates-General.

Guided Reading: Lesson 2 Radical Revolution and

Reaction

I.A. monarchy, republic

I.B. Jacobin, executed

II.A. Safety

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II.B. Robespierre

II.C. 40,000

II.D. Virtue

II.E. de-Christianization, calendar

III.A. army

III.B. Rhine, Austrian

III.C. Robespierre

IV.A. Constitution, electors

IV.B. corruption, military

IV.C. coup d¡¯¨¦tat, Napoleon

Summary and Reflection

A complete answer should include: the abolition of the monarchy and king¡¯s execution created a backlash throughout Europe, which then led to power being

given to the Committee for Public Safety; the following brutal Reign of Terror led

to increased public fear and a growing army, and, eventually, fear led to

Robespierre¡¯s death, then moderates drafted a constitution that created the Directory.

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World History and Geography

Worksheet Answer Key

The French Revolution and Napoleon

Guided Reading: Lesson 3 The Rise of Napoleon and

the Napoleonic Wars

A.1. His victories gave France control of northern Italy. As a result, he returned

to France as a hero.

A.2. Napoleon appointed himself Emperor Napoleon I.

A.3. He felt it was smart to make peace with the Church since most French people were Catholic. Also, by doing so, he gained supporters.

A.4. He did away with the 300 different systems and created a set of seven law

codes, including the Civil Code, which preserved some of the key revolutionary

principles.

A.5. He developed a powerful bureaucracy in which officials were chosen and

promoted based on ability instead of rank or birth.

B.1. The three parts of his Grand Empire were the French Empire, dependent

states, and allied states.

B.2. Dependent states like Spain were ruled by Napoleon¡¯s relatives. Allied states

like Prussia were defeated by Napoleon.

B.3. Britain¡¯s ability to resist Napoleon and the rise of nationalism in the peoples

he conquered were two important causes of the empire¡¯s collapse.

Guided Reading: Lesson 4 The Fall of Napoleon and

the European Reaction

A.1. Russia, European

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Summary and Reflection

A complete answer should include: his military successes, his appointment as

consul, and his reign as emperor; the codification of French laws; peace with the

Church; bureaucracy based on merit; the Grand Empire; rise of nationalism;

preservation of some reforms of the French Revolution; development of a liberal

tradition in countries within his empire.

A.2. Elba, Louis XVIII

A.3. Austria, Prussia (either order)

A.4. Waterloo, Prussian

B.1. Vienna, power

B.2. Metternich

B.3. Conservatism, authority

B.4. intervention

C.1. Enlightenment, liberalism

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World History and Geography

Worksheet Answer Key

The French Revolution and Napoleon

C.2. nation

C.3. Nationalists

Summary and Reflection

A complete answer should include: Napoleon¡¯s defeat in Russia and the alliance

of Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia; Europe¡¯s response, including the

Congress of Vienna, the philosophy of conservatism, the formation of a new balance of power, the principle of intervention, and the rise of liberalism and nationalism.

Primary and Secondary Sources Activity: Lesson 1

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen,

August 26, 1789

1. The National Assembly, representing the people of France, believes that disregarding the rights of man is the main cause of public misery and government corruption. Therefore, we have decided to make a formal declaration of

human rights. We want this declaration to serve as a constant reminder to

politicians and legislators that they have the right and duty to follow these

principles in order to maintain the constitution and the happiness of the people.

3. The language of the document indicates equal rights for all people, without

exception.

4. Students may say that the declaration reminds them of the language in the

U.S. Bill of Rights. They might use as an example this wording in the First

Amendment (to compare it with Article 11): ¡°Congress shall make no law . . .

abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press . . .¡±

5. Students should write a skit in which a character is affected by one of the articles. For example, for Article 17, they might write a dialogue in which a

property owner is offered a fair price for property that the government wants

to use for a public project.

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2. Article 13 expands rights for members of the Third Estate by relieving them

of the total tax burden; this article spreads the tax burden among all citizens,

even the nobility and the clergy.

Primary and Secondary Sources Activity: Lesson 3

Effects of the Napoleonic Code

1. Women are excluded from attesting documents in civil courts.

2. Sons younger than 25 and daughters younger than 21 cannot get married

without their parents¡¯ consent. The article discriminates against mothers in

that, if the parents disagree, the consent of the father is sufficient.

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