History of Architecture - Tishk International University
TIU Erbil Architectural Engineering 2021-2022
Roman Classicism
History of Architecture
No'man Bayaty
Introduction
? This lecture is an introduction to the Roman Classical orders. ? The Greek orders are the origin so they are explained quickly too. ? Also the theory of Roman classicism is reviewed.
From Greek to Roman
? Romans were not very good sailors like the Greeks, but they had much better land power.
? Before the Romans, people living in the Italian peninsula were different cultures, most important of them were the Etruscans.
? Etruscans and the other pre-Roman cultures were good in construction, while the Greeks had a very high sense for details and beauty.
? Romans mixed both of previous qualities and created their architecture, which turned out to be much stronger and more monumental, with the same level of details.
? This is why, formally, the Greek and Roman architecture can be similar. ? Romans also shifted their attention to the interior.
The Theory of Classicism
? Roman architecture is heavily affected by the Greek architectural tradition. ? Romans built the foundations of their architecture on the Greek. ? Classicists consider nature the source of beauty. Nature is perfectly
designed, and any attempt to create perfection in art must imitate nature. ? This is why Classicists (Roman and Greek) imitated natural forms as
perfectly as possible, and their sculptures were very realistic. Mathematics was the language used to translate nature to at. ? Greek and Early Roman philosophy was also idealists and rationalists. ? Idealism has several meanings; it believes that certain concepts are prior to human perception. ? Rationalism gives importance to mind over matter, logic over senses.
Vitruvius
? Vitruvius Polio, was a Roman theorist. ? He wrote his treatise "The Ten Books on Architecture",
which explained the theory of Roman architecture. ? His book had sections on construction, materials,
acoustics, hydraulics, and city planning. ? He claimed, that a good architecture has three bases,
without them it is incomplete: Firmitas, Utilitas, Venustas, which means: Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. ? He claimed beauty comes from harmonious proportions between the parts.
The Vitruvian Man, Leonardo Da Vinci
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.