Discovering Periodic and Group Trends
Discovering Periodic and Group TrendsName ____________________________________Below is a table of properties of the representative elements in the first five periods. By graphing this data we will discover how they change as you go across a period and down a group. There are analysis questions on the back of this page that should be answered after the graphs are drawn.#SymbolIonization Energy (eV)Atomic RadiusElectro negativityPeriodGroupName1H13.60792.211Hydrogen2He24.5949118Helium3Li5.392050.9821Lithium4Be9.321401.5722Beryllium5B8.301172.04213Boron6C11.26912.55214Carbon7N14.53753.04215Nitrogen8O13.62653.44216Oxygen9F17.42573.98217Fluorine10Ne21.5651218Neon11Na5.142230.9331Sodium12Mg7.651721.3132Magnesium13Al5.991621.61313Aluminum14Si8.151461.9314Silicon15P10.491232.19315Phosphorus16S10.361092.58316Sulfur17Cl12.97973.16317Chlorine18Ar15.7688318Argon19K4.342770.8241Potassium20Ca6.11223142Calcium31Ga6.001811.81413Gallium32Ge7.901522.01414Germanium33As9.811332.18415Arsenic34Se9.751222.55416Selenium35Br11.811122.96417Bromine36Kr14.00103418Krypton37Rb4.182980.8251Rubidium38Sr5.702450.9552Strontium49In5.792001.78513Indium50Sn7.341721.96514Tin51Sb8.641532.05515Antimony52Te9.011422.1516Tellurium53I10.451322.66517Iodine54Xe12.13124518XenonQuestions and Analysis:1. In general, as you go across a period, what happens to the A. Atomic radius?B. Ionization energy?C. Electronegativity?2. Where are there exceptions to these general trends?3. The elements in the same group are graphed up and down in each of the graphs. For example, elements 4, 12, 20, and 38 are all in group 2. In general, as you go down a group, what happens to the A. Atomic radius?B. Ionization energy?C. Electronegativity?4. Where are there exceptions to these general trends?5. Radium is in the seventh period. A. Would you expect it to be larger or smaller than barium? Why?B. Would you expect it to be larger or smaller than francium? Why?C. Would you expect its ionization energy to be larger than barium’s? Why?D. Would you expect its ionization energy to be larger than francium’s? Why?E. Would you expect its electronegativity to be larger than barium’s? Why?F. Would you expect its electronegativity to be larger than francium’s? Why?Name ____________________________________Graph the Atomic Radius for each element in Period 2 in one colorOn the same graph, graph the atomic radius for each element in Period 3 in a second color, Period 3 in a third color and period 4 in a fourth color. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.17780083185204060801001201401601802002202402602803000002040608010012014016018020022024026028030005410200680085Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 500Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 50647700Atomic Radius (pm)00Atomic Radius (pm)55753076200055943576200041656057150LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKr00LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKr416560152400RbSrInSnSbTeIXe00RbSrInSnSbTeIXe183515016510Atomic Number00Atomic NumberRepeat the process above for the Ionization Energy for each element in Period 2, 3, 4 and 5. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.40640063524681012141618202200024681012141618202207880351149350020637503655695Atomic Number00Atomic Number78613088900005638800589280Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 500Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 5228600555625Ionization Energy (eV)00Ionization Energy (eV)6451603065780LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKr00LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKr6343653490595RbSrInSnSbTeIXe00RbSrInSnSbTeIXeRepeat the process above for the electronegativity for each element in Period 2, 3, 4 and 5. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.469900590550.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.003.23.43.63.84.0000.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.003.23.43.63.84.09144001600200055626001400810Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 500Key:Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 501446530Electronegativity00Electronegativity762000145415LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrInSnSbTeIXe00LiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrInSnSbTeIXe1981200635Atomic Number00Atomic Number ................
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