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Bank of Krok testing to module N1

Morphology of bacteria

7. Immunofluorescence reaction is widely used for express-diagnostics of many bacterial and viral infections. Choose the type of the microscope needed for this reaction.

A.Light microscope.

D.Phase-contrast microscope.

B. Electron microscope.

C. Fluorescence microscope.

E. Dark-field microscope.

10. The essential drawback of the microscopy method of infection diagnostics is insufficient informativeness caused by morphologic similarity of many mi­croorganisms. Which of the following

can increase the informativeness?

A. Radioimmunoassay.

B. Coombs' test.

C. ELISA.

D.Opsonization reaction.

E. Immunofluorescence testing.

*Immunofluorescence test belongs to widely used rapid (express) methods of infectious diseases diagnostics. Which properties of bacteria are estimated for their identification at this type of testing?

Morphological and tinctorial

Morphological and antigenic

Antigenic and immunogenic

Cultural and biochemical

*During microbiology lesson students have acquainted with microscopy method of laboratory diagnostics. Which property of bacteria may be studied with this method?

Morphological, tinctorial

Cultural

Antigenic

Toxigenic

Biochemical

20. Furuncle pus smear showed spherical microbes arranged in grape-like clusters. Name these microorganisms.

A.Staphilococci.

B. Diplococci.

C. Micrococci.

D.Streptococci.

E. Tetracocci.

*At microscopy of the wound discharge gram-positive spherical cells arranged in “grape-like clusters “ have been revealed. Which group can seen microorganisms be belong to?

Staphylococcus

Clostridia

Streptococcus

Mycoplasma

Gonococcus

70. Students have been proposed to stain a mixture of bacteria by Gram's method and explain the mechanism of staining at a microbiology practical class. Name the morphological structures of bacteria that cause Gram-negative or Gram-positive staining of bacteria.

A.CPM (cytoplasm membrane).

B. Cell wall.

C. Capsule.

D. .Flagella.

E. Cytoplasm.

*At laboratory diagnostics of many infectious diseases Gram staining technique is used. Which structure of microbial cell is responsible for ability of taking a dye?

Cytoplasmic membrane

Cell wall

Mesosomes

Capsule

Plasmids

*04* 2013* At staining of the smear from sputum collected from the patient with suspicious lobar pneumonia such dyes and reagents have been used as crystal violet and Lugol’s iodine solutions, 960 alcohol, and fuchsine solution. Which method of staining has been used in this case?

Loeffler’s

Neisser’s

*Gram’s

Ziehl-Neelsen’s

Romanovsky-Giemsa’s

* Microorganisms surrounded with capsule have been revealed in the smear prepared from the sputum of the patient with croupous pneumonia. Which chemical compound of revealed cellular organella is?

RNA

Polysaccharides

Peptidoglycane

Lipids

DNA

*2013* *Microscopic investigation of pathological samples stained with Burri-Hins´ technique from the patient with suspicious plague is made into the laboratory of life-threatining diseases. Which property of causative agent does this method allow to study?

Capsule formation

Spore formation

Acid-fast property (acid resistance)

Alkaline resistance

Volutine granules presence

*b-12 At microscopy of bacterial culture fusiform spore-forming blue- violet after staining by Gram microorganisms have been revealed. Which kind of microorganisms has been revealed?

Streptococci

Spirochetes

Clostridia

Actinomyces

Diplococci

*b-12 Rod-shaped blue microorganisms with terminal spherical red components are seen in the smear stained by Aujesky´s method. Which name of these components is ?

Spores

Flagella

Pili (fimbria)

Capsules

Mesosomes

*08* A specimen stained by Ozheshko (Aujesky) method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?

Cilia

Capsules

Flagella

Spores

Mesosomes

*At staining of the sputum smear the such dyes and reagents have been used as: Ziehl´s fuchsine and methylene blue solutions, 5% sulpharic acid solution. Which method of staining has been used?

Ziehl-Neelsen´s

Hins-Burri´s

Gram´s

Peshkov´s

Neisser´s

*The pure culture of Corynebacterium diphteria has been isolated from the patient. After smear preparation and staining by Neisser´s the next inclusion bodies have been revealed:

Starch

Glycogen

Sulfur

Volutin (polyphosphates)

The drops of neutral lipids

Physiology

Bacteriological method (pure culture isolation) is used for laboratory diagnostics of many infectious diseases. Which purpose of the first stage of investigation?

Seeding of the collected samples

Obtaining of the separated colonies

Microscopy of the investigated samples

Isolation and accumulation of the pure culture

Identification of the isolated culture

*DNA-polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is important reagent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This microorganism is capable of growing at 100 0C and higher and it is:

Thermophilic

Mesophilic

Psychrophilic

Halophilic

Chemolytotrophs

Genetics

The event, at which prophage may replicate with bacterial chromosome in the same time, is known as:

Transfection

Lysogeny

Transformation

Modification

Transduction

*It is known bacterial cells include additional genetic structures, which either exists as independent element autonomically from chromosome or integrates with it, and supplements such cell additional property. What is the name of this additional elements?

Prophages

Nucleotides

Is-sequences

Plasmids

Migrating genes

*The procedure of human gene incorporation into bacterial genome with bacteriophage is used in biotechnological processes for production of therapeutic and prophylactic medicines. What is the name of such process?

Transduction

Transformation

Translation

Conjugation

Deletion

Infection

24. Bacteriological examination of the feces of a 38-year-old woman, who had been ill with typhoid fever 1.5 year ago, revealed Salmonella typhi. Name the form of the infectious process.

A.Bacteria carrying.

B. Secondary infection.

C. Reinfection.

D.Superinfection.

E. Recidivation.

*00*, *01* 38. A child, who is recovering after measles, has developed pneumonia caused by opportunists. What is the most probable form of this infection?

A. Reinfection.

B. Secondary infection.

C. Superinfection.

D. Persistence infection.

E. Mixed infection.

*08* 62. A patient recovered after Sonne shigellosis and was once more (repeatedly) infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?

a. Superinfection.

b. Recidivation (recurrence).

c. Reinfection.

d. Persistent infection.

e. Chronic infection.

*04*05*06* 73. A patient has acute gonorrhea diagnosed. It is known, that the patient was ill with gonorrhea before, but was cured completely. Name the form of this infection.

a. Secondary infection.

b. Superinfection.

c. Recidivation.

d. Reinfection.

e. Autoinfection.

130. A 2-year-old boy was not given APDT vaccine according to schedule. On his pharyngeal tonsils there were revealed microorganisms, which by morphological and biochemical properties are identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. But precipitation test in gel with antitoxic serum has been negative. What form of infectious process can this agent cause without urgent treatment?

A. Asymptomatic bacteria carrying.

B. Easy nontoxic form of disease.

C. Toxic complicated form of disease.

D. Chronic disease with the damage of internal organs.

E. Persistent infection.

It is known three links take part in development of infectious and epidemic process. The first link of infectious process is pathogenic microorganism. But what is the first link of epidemic process?

A. Source of infection

B. Dose of microorganism

C. Way of penetration (invasion)

D. Proper condition of environment

E. Host reactivity

Virulent (patogenecity) factors

*00,01,03,05* The patient, 50 years old, had been treated with levomycetin (chloramphenicol) due to enteric fever infection, but day after his state was getting worse and fever lifted up to 39,6 С. How can you explain patient state?

A. Absence of agent sensitivity to chloramphenicol

B. Secondary infection arising

C. Reinfection

D. Action of causative agent endotoxin

E. Allergy

*Virulent factors are accounted at indication of etiological significance of microorganisms. Which virulent factor of streptococci can be estimated in clinical sample at light microscopy?

A. Fimbria

B. Capsule

C. Protein A

D. Protein M

E. Inclusion bodies

*Which from given virulent factors that typical for the most gram-negative bacteria acts the significant part in pathogenesis of disease, caused by these microorganisms?

A. Exotoxin

B. Endotoxin

C. Invasive factor

D. Capsule

E. Hemorrhagic factor

Feces of child with enteritis is emulsified into isotonic solution and the drop of emulsion is seeded onto selective medium (10% yolk-salt agar). Which virulent enzyme possessing aggressive property is revealed at this medium?

A. Colicins

B. Lecitinase

C. Streptokinase

D. Hemolysines

E. Hyaluronidase

*Biological method of laboratory diagnostics is used into laboratory of life-threatening infections. Which property of causative agents is not studied at this method?

A. Phage typing

B. Biological

C. Morphological

D. Tinctorial

E. Antigenic

Asepsis and antisepsis. Sterilization and disinfection.

15. With the purpose of acceleration sugar-containing media were sterilized by live, non--pressurized steam in one day: during 30 minutes in the morning, in the evening, and in the afternoon. In what way should the media have been sterilized?

A. During 1 hour.

B. During 15 min., three days in succession.

C. During 30 min., two days in succession.

D. During 30 min., three days in succession.

E. During 15 sec. twice a day.

17. After practical activity in a laboratory students must put in order and disinfect their working place. Choose the chemical agent, which should be used.

A. Ether.

B. Chloric acid.

C. Formalin.

D. Chloroform.

E. Chloramine

19. In a laboratory, researches on tetanus diagnostics were carried out. What method of sterilization should be used to destroy the isolated cultures of tetanus pathogens?

a. Autoclaving (steam under pressure).

b. Boiling.

c. Tyndallization.

d. Dry heat.

e. Pasteurization

74. Control of instrument sterilization in autoclave was carried out with the help of a biologic method. What bacteria are the most rational to use as test-microorganisms?

A. Spore forming.

B. Capsule forming.

C. Acid-fast.

D. Pathogenic

E. Thermophilic.

*2013* in the surgical ward the dressing material was underwent sterilization in an autoclave. Through an oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave reached only1000C instead of the due 1200C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these conditions?

A. Molds and yeast fungi

B. Staphylococci and streptococci

C. *Bacilli and clostridia

D. Salmonella and klebsiella

E. Corynebacteria and mycobacteria

*To decontaminate air into the aseptic cabinet some measures have been carried out, that belong to usual sterilization methods. Which method is the most appropriate for air decontamination after work?

A. Ultraviolet radiation

B. Burning

C. With benzoic acid vapor

D. With alcohol vapor

E. Magnetic field

Antisepsis

*00* For carrying out of bacteriological researches into laboratory, have planned at next day, it is necessary to prepare sterile Petri dishes, and pipettes. Which method of sterilization should be used at this case?

*Dry heat

Fluid heat

Tyndalization

Pausterization

Boiling

Antibiotics

33. The staphylococcus, isolated from the nasopharynx of a nurse during hospital infection, differs from the strain, isolated from patients, by containing R-plasmid. What feature can the hospital strain acquire due to the conjugation with the strain isolated from the nurse?

A. Antibiotics resistance.

B. Production of enterotoxin.

C. Production of epidermolitic toxin.

D. Coagulase production.

E. Rough colonies formation.

*Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is due to presence into the cell of autonomic genetic structure, transmission of which is possible by conjugation. What is the name of this structure?

A. Ent-plasmids

B. Col-plasmids

C. R-plasmids

D. Transposons

E. Prions

*02* Pathogenic staphylococcus has been isolated from purulent wound of patient. Its sensitivity to antibiotics has been detected: penicillin – the zone of growth inhibition 8 mm, oxacillin – 9 mm, ampicillin – 10 mm, gentamycin – 22 mm, lincomycin – 11mm. Which antibiotic should be chosen for treatment?

A. *Gentamycin

B. Oxacillin

C. Ampicillin

D. Lincomycin

E. Penicillin

*08* A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?

A. Metronidazole

B. Gentamicin

C. Co-trimoxazole

D. Nitroxaline

E. Oxacillin sodium

*08* A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzipenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?

A. Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane

B. Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid

C. Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall

D. Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes

E. Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis

Immunity

b-12 In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?

A Lysozyme

B Complement

C Interferon

D Interleukin

E Imanine

9. A 1.5-year-old boy who hasn't been inoculated according to the schedule contacted with a patient with measles. For emergency specific prevention the child was given donor γ-globulin. What kind of immunity developed in this case?

a. Natural.

b. Passive.

c. Antitoxic.

d. Postvaccinal immunity.

e. Local.

13. Production of antibodies is one of the most important parts of immune response of an organism. Which type of cells actually secretes antibodies?

A. T-lymphocytes.

B. Macrophages.

C. Plasma cells.

D. Microphages.

E. T-helpers.

*Humoral immune response takes significant part at many infectious diseases. Which action is not typical for antibody?

A. Phagocytic

B. Opsonizing

C. Complement activation

D. Neutralizing

E. Activation of cellular cytotoxicity

25. After BCG vaccination of infants immunity to tuberculosis is preserved until there are live bacteria of vaccine strain in the body. Name this kind of immunity.

A. Type specific.

B. Humoral

C. Non-sterile (infectious).

D. Innate.

E. Crossed.

32. Scheduled vaccination against measles has been carried out in a kindergarten. What method can be used to check up the development of postvaccinal immunity?

A. Bacteriological.

B. Virologic.

C. Serologic.

D. Bacterioscopic.

E. Allergic.

*First 3 months of life children rare fall ill with infectious diseases, that is connected with transmission of maternal antibody to baby through placenta and with milk. Which type of acquired immunity does child have at this age?

A. Natural passive

B. Natural active

C. Artificial passive

D. Artificial passive

E. Constitutional

There is outbreak of measles into maternal hospital. Which class of maternal antibody can provide newborn’s insensibility (immunity) to measles virus?

A. Ig G

B. Ig M

C. Ig A

D. Ig D

E. Ig E

b-12 A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?

A Of primary infection

B Of a chronic process

C The woman is healthy

D Of exacerbation of a chronic disease

E Of recurring infection with rubella virus

*For prevention of infectious diseases immunization of population is made, and it accompanies with immunity formation. Cooperation of which immune competent cells is it necessary for effective formation of primary humoral immune response?

A. Macrophages, T-cells, B-cells

B. T-cells, plasma cells, B-cells

C. Macrophages, plasma cells

D. Mast and plasma cells

E. B-cells and T-cells

*For prevention of infectious diseases immunization of population is made, and it accompanies with immunity formation. Cooperation of which immune competent cells is it necessary for effective formation of primary cellular immune response?

A. Macrophages and T-cells

B. T-cells and plasma cells

C. Macrophages and plasma cells

D. Mast and plasma cells

E. B-cells and T-cells

* Which type of interleukin is secreted by macrophages after phagocytosis for triggering of immune response to bacterial antigen?

A. IL-1

B. IL-2

C. IL-3

D. IL-5

E. IL-6

46. After penetration into an organism bacteria are ingested by macrophages. What is the function of macrophages in immunocompetent cells cooperation at the first stage of immune response?

A. Activation of NK-cells.

B. T-killers activation.

C. Processing and presentation of antigen to T-helpers.

D. Antibodies production.

E. Processing and presentation of antigen to T-killers.

*Immunogram of HIV patient has been made, and abnormality of T-helper and T-supressor ratio has been revealed. Which major surface molecules CD (cluster differentiation ) do T-helpers have?

A. CD2, CD3, CD4

B. CD2, CD3, CD8

C. CD19, CD21, CD22

D. CD23, CD24, CD37

E. CD16, CD56

Immunopathology and immunodeficiency

*01*,*02,*06* Donor skin has been transplanted to a patient with extensive burn. In 4-5 days the skin transplant adapted, but it became swollen and changed color on the eighth day. Ten days later it started to reject. Which cells take part in this process?

A. T-lymphocytes.

B. Erythrocytes.

C. Basophiles.

D. Eosinophils.

E. B-lymphocytes.

*00* Patient after transplantation of kidney graft has rejection. Which major effector cells take part in this immunological reaction?

A. *Cytotoxic T-cells

B. B-cells

C. Plasma cells

D. Suppressor T -cells

E. Helper T-cells

*After 1.5 months of liver transplantation the patient state was getting worse due to onset of graft rejection. Which factor of immune system acts the predominant part in this reaction?

A. T-killers

B. Interleukin-I

C. Natural killers

D. B-cells

E. T-helpers

*The boy, 11 years old, has ekzematous rash onto the trunk and legs. History revealed otitis, pneumonia, furunculosis. Laboratory assay shows thrombocytopenia, low activity of T-helpers and T-suppressors, decreasing of IgM level at normal data for Iga and IgG. Which type of immunodeficiency is at this case?

A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

B. Louis-Barr syndrome

C. DeGeorgy syndrome

D. Chediak-Higashi syndrome

E. Swiss syndrome

The child, 2 years old, suffering from severe form of chicken pox, has face defects, mongoloid slant. History revealed spasms, oral cavity mycosis . There is lymphocytopenia at normal level of B-cells and immunoglobulins into the blood assay. Which immunodeficiency syndrome does child have?

A. DiGeorgy syndrome

B. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

C. Louis-Barr syndrome

D. Kleinefelter’s syndrome

E. Shereshevsky- Turner’s syndrome

*07* 64. B-12 Immunological tests of a patient with clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency have been carried out. Significant decrease of cells, forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, has been revealed. What conclusion should be made on the basis of analysis data?

A. Decrease of complement system level.

B. Decrease of B-cells level.

C. Decrease of natural killers (NK-cells) level.

D. Decrease of T-cells level.

E. Decrease of thrombocytes (platelets) quantity

*03* 41. B-12 A patient with clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency with invariable quantity and functional activity of T-and B-cells is found to have a molecular level defect. This defect is accompanied by the disorder of antigen-presenting function of immunocompetent cells. Name these cells.

A. NK-cells.

B. T- and B-lymphocytes.

C. Macrophages and monocytes.

D. Fibroblasts, T- and B-lymphocytes.

E. B-lymphocytes.

*05* A patient with clinical symptoms of primary immunodeficiency is found to have a defect of antigen-presenting function of immunocompetent cells. The structure defect of what cells is possible?

A. NK-cells

B. В- cells

C. Т- cells

D. Plasma cells

E. *Macrophages, monocytes

42. Acquired defect of immune system of a patient is diagnosed - a disorder of complement system activation by the classical pathway against the background of the sufficient content of system components. Defect of antibody production is suspected. Decrease in number of what antibodies can be expected first of all?

A. IgM, IgA.

B.IgA, IgG.

C.IgD, IgG.

D.IgE, IgG.

E. IgM, IgG.

53. A 37-year-old woman periodically had infectious diseases of bacterial genesis during a year. Their clinical course was extremely prolonged, remissions were short-term. Hypogamma­ globulinemia was revealed by examination. The functional defect of what cells might be the direct cause of the disease?

A. Neutrophiles.

B. Eosinophils.

C. B-cells.

D. Macrophages.

E. Basophiles.

*Young woman with blood group A had suffered in road accident , and she was transfused with donor blood of group B by mistake. Posttransfusion reaction set up, leading mechanism of which is immunopathological reaction. Which type does it belong to?

A. Cytotoxic

B. Anaphylaxis

C. Immune complex

D. Cellular

E. Stimulating

51. A 54-year-old woman referred to a doctor with complaints of hen's eggs intolerance, which appeared recently. Antihistamines prescribed by the doctor slightly improved the status of the patient. What antibodies could provide the development of this reaction?

A. IgA.

B. IgE.

C. IgD

D. IgG.

E. IgM.

For detection of sensitivity to antibiotic patient is injected with 0.2 ml of penicillin solution intracutaneously. After 10 min hyperemia and edema appear in the site of injection. Which type according Cumbs-Jelly’s classification has this reaction belong to?

A. Anaphylaxis (phenomenon Auveri)

B. Cytotoxic

C. Delayed type of hypersensitivity

D. Reaction is like Artus phenomenon

E. Tuberculin type reaction

At flat repair woman suddenly has had bout of breathless with sensation of lack of air, difficulties with breathing out, dry cough and anxiety. Bronchial asthma has been diagnosed. Which allergy mediator causes such effects?

A. Histamine

B. Serotonin

C. Prostaglandin E

D. Interleukin I

E. Interleukin 6

*The woman, 40 years old, visited doctor with complains onto itching, reddening, burning sensation of the checks. Vanishing crème had been used 1 hour ago. Which type of allergy reaction of I group due to Combs and Jelly does patient have?

A. Quincke’s edema

B. Bronchial asthma

C. Anaphylactic shock

D. Urticaria

E. Pollen allergy

The worker of factory with 20 years record of work has had contact dermatitis of hands. Which type of immunological disorder does such illness belong to?

A. Delayed type of allergy

B. Primary immunodeficiency

C. Immediate type of allergy

D. B-cell immunodeficiency

E. T-cell immunodeficiency

*01* After some minutes of injection made for patient with tetanus breathless and frequent pulse appeared, blood pressure decreased. Which drug was the most probable reason of complication?

A. Sulfonamide

B. Donor gamma-globulin

C. Anatoxin (Toxoid)

D. Antibiotic

E. *Antitoxic serum

*04*,*06* After 8 days of antitetanus serum injection patient with contaminated wound of the foot has fever (38 С), joint pain, rash and itching. Blood assay demonstrated leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Which type of allergy reaction arises in this case?

A. Delayed type of hypersensitivity

B. Cytotoxic

C. Anaphylaxis

D. *Immune complex

E. Stimulating

*07* The patient, female, 27 years old, had taken eyes drops, including penicillin. After some minutes she had itching and burning of body, edema of lips and eyelids, whistle cough; blood pressure started to decrease. Which kind of Ig takes part in such allergic reaction?

A. IgG and IgD

B. IgA and IgM

C. *IgE and IgG

D. IgM and IgG

E. IgM and IgD

*Woman had being suffered from pollen allergy for 25 years. The treatment had been made with desensitization method (periodic injection with small doses of allergens) and allowed to heal. What type of mechanism for inhibition of allergy was the most probable?

A. Accumulation of T-suppressors and IgG

B. Basophiles inactivation

C. Blockage of cellular histamine and heparin receptors

D. Formation of immune complex

E. Decreasing of complement concentration into serum

Vaccines

34. Numerous vaccine preparations have been used to induce human active immunity. Which preparation is presented by live attenuated bacteria?

A. APDT (DPT) vaccine.

B. BCG vaccine.

C. Salk's vaccine.

D. TABTe vaccine.

E. Hepatitis B vaccine.

*The process of killed vaccine creation consists from several steps. The choice of vaccine strain has crucial significance at this event . Choose the most important criterion for sampling:

A. To take strains with maximal virulence

B. To use bacteria with prominent biochemical activity

C. To select the strains with low pathogenecity

D. To use strains with low antigenecity and immunogenecity

E. To take resistant strains to antibiotics

*During outbreak of diphtheria DT vaccine was used for adult immunization. Which type of immunity is created by this preparation?

A. Natural

B. Antitoxic

C. Cellular

D. Passive

E. Post infectious

In region , where epicenter of rabies among wild animals has been registered, the bitten with wild dog man visited policlinics. For rabies prevention he was injected with antirabies vaccine. Which type of vaccine does this medicine belong to?

A. Attenuated

B. Inactivated

C. Molecular

D. Anatoxin (toxoid)

E. Synthetic

*Schedule vaccination against measles has been made in child community. Which method can be used to check efficacy of immunization?

A. Virological

B. Allergic test (allergic probe)

C. Immunological

D. Biological

E. Viroscopic (microscopy)

It is necessary to provide vaccines for schedule immunization into kindergarten. Which property should vaccine have?

A. Immunogenecity, areactivity

B. Immunogenecity, areactivity, avirulence

C. Avirulence, easy technology of production

D. Areactivity, easy usage

E. Immunogenecity

Bacterial preparation institute creates vaccines for schedule immunization. What is the name of vaccine composed from microbial cells and toxoid of another causative agent?

A. Chemical

B. Gene engineered

C. Associated

D. Autovaccine

E. Combined

*05* Immunization against whooping cough is planned in kindergarten. Which medicine should be used for this purpose?

A. Type specific serum

B. BCG vaccine

C. Normal gamma-globulin

D. DTT

E. *DPT vaccine (ADPT)

Immune sera

14. When using treatment antitoxic serums a patient is always given precisely defined doses. In what units is the activity of antitoxic antidiphtheric serum measured?

A. International.

B. Flocculation.

C. Antigenic.

D. Agglutination.

E. Neutralization.

*The sole medicine, that allow to treat successfully such toxic infection as diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism, is antitoxic sera (antitoxins). Choose the way which is used to obtain such sera:

A. Hyper immunization of horses with medicine obtained from toxin

B. Enzymatic dialysis (Diaferm)

C. Immunization of horses with toxigenic bacteria

D. Hyper immunization of rabbits with corresponding toxins with following purification

E. Usage of recombinant techniques

* In traumatologic department patient is made primary surgery of wound and the next drug is given for passive immunity creation:

A. Vaccines

B. Immune sera

C. Toxoids

D. Antibiotics

E. Vitamins

*2013* a child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection of tetanus antitoxin. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was administered by Bezredka’s method. What mechanism underlies this method for desentization of the body?

A. Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cell

B. Stimulation of the synthesis of antigen-specific IgG

C. Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cell

D. Stimulation of the immune tolerance to the antigen

E. Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cell

Serological reactions (tests)

5. A patient referred to a doctor on the second week of illness, which resembled of typhoid-paratyphoid disease by clinicoepidemiologic findings. The doctor decided to confirm the diagnosis by detecting specific antibodies. What preparation should be used for this purpose?

A. Adsorbed monoreceptor serums.

B. Diagnostic serums.

C. Labeled serums.

D. Monoclonal antibodies.

E. Diagnosticums.

47.b-12 Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. Name the serological reaction, which consists in microorganisms clumping under the influence of specific antibodies in the presence of electrolyte.

A. Hemadsorption.

B. Precipitation.

C. Complement fixation test.

D. Agglutination.

E. Neutralization.

*Pure culture isolated from the blood at suspicious enteric fever is investigated in bacteriological laboratory. Which serological test should be made to study its antigenic structure?

A. Precipitation

B. Agglutination

C. CFT

D. ELISA (IFA)

E. Flocculation

*For serodiagnostics of enteric fever test is made by next way: diagnosticums of three types are added to different dilution of patient serum. Test result is registered by deposit appearance, consisting from clumped bacteria. Which mechanism of interaction between antigen and antibody takes place at this test?

A. Agglutination

B. Precipitation

C. Lysis

D. Bacteriolysis

E. Hemolysis

*At negative result of bacteriological method patient diagnosis is made with serology. Thereafter clumping of bacteria under the influence of antibody is named:

A. Complement fixation test

B. Precipitation

C. Agglutination

D. Lysis

E. Immobilization

48. Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. Name the serological reaction, during which highly refined antigens are adsorbed on erythrocytes.

A. Neutralization.

B. Precipitation.

C. Complement fixation test.

D. Hemadsorption.

E. Indirect hemagglutination.

67. Effective diagnostics of enteric bacteria carrying is based on detecting antibodies to certain bacteria antigens during indirect hemagglutination test. Name the standard preparation which should be used.

A. Sheep erythrocytes and hemolytic serum.

B. Antibodies against immunoglobulins of basic classes.

C. Monoclonal antibodies.

D. Monoreceptor diagnostic serum.

E. Erythrocytic diagnosticum (erythrocyte adsorbed by bacteria antigens).

49. Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. How is the antigen sedimentation from solution reaction under the influence of immune serum in the presence of electrolyte called?

A. Neutralization.

B. Agglutination.

C. Complement fixation.

D. Hemadsorption.

E. Precipitation.

54. Bloodstains are revealed on the clothes of a person accused of a murder. What test can prove that the blood is human?

A. Neutralization.

B. Immunofluorescence test.

C. Complement fixation test.

D. Agglutination.

E. Precipitation.

b-12 The person was selling "homemade pork" sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector

suspected falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food

substance be identified?

A Precipitation test

B Indirect hemagglutination test

C Agglutination test

D Immunofluorescence test

E Complement- fixation test

50. Indirect immunofluorescence test has been used to detect toxoplasmas antibodies in the blood serum of a pregnant woman. At first, the fixed smear of toxoplasmas was processed with the investigated serum. With what should the specimen be processed at the following stage?

A. Luminescent serum against human immunoglobulins.

B. Fluorescent solution.

C. Human normal immunoglobulin.

D. Diagnostic serum containing toxoplasmas antibodies.

E. Serum containing fluorescent-labeled toxoplasmas antibodies.

*04* During outbreak of acute respiratory infection to diagnose influenza rapid (express) diagnostics is made that is based onto revealing of specific virus antigen in clinical samples. Which test is used for this purpose?

A. Complement fixation test

B. *Immunofluorescence

C. Precipitation

D. Opsonization

E. Agglutination

*The outbreak of infection probably of virus etiology was registered in kindergarten. It is necessary to plan antiepidemic measures . Which reactions (tests) or laboratory diagnostics methods should be used first for rapid (fast) and timely decryption this outbreak?

A. Immunofluorescence microscopy

B. Electron microscopy

C. Virological method

D. Serological method

E. Light microscopy of native material

56. A patient is hospitalized with the previous diagnosis of hepatitis B. To diagnose the disease a serological reaction based on interaction of antigen and antibody, chemically linked to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, was carried out. Name this reaction.

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Radioimmunoassay.

C. Immunofluorescence test.

D. Enzyme immunoassay.

E. Immobilization.

66. Causative agent antigens can be revealed in blood of patients with different infectious diseases. What reaction should be used, taking into account that antigenemia level is low?

A. ELISA.

B. Agglutination test.

C. Indirect hemagglutination test.

D. Latex agglutination method.

E. Immunoelectrophoresis.

57. A causative agent has been isolated from a patient with acute gastroenteritis. It should be identified by antigen structure. Which serological reaction should be used?

A. Precipitation.

B. Complement fixation test.

C. Neutralization.

D. Agglutination.

E. Opsonization

58. A patient with a suspicion of the chronic form of gonorrhea was admitted to a hospital. Choose a two-system serological reaction for detecting specific antibodies in the serum.

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Neutralization.

C. Agglutination.

D. Radioimmunoassay.

E. Enzyme immunoassay.

68. Hemolytic serum against sheep erythrocytes is necessary for work in the laboratory, where serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is carried out. Name the test, during which the serum is used.

A. Viral hemagglutination test.

B. Indirect hemagglutination test.

C. Test for the diagnostics of new­ borns' diseases.

D. Passive hemagglutination.

E. Complement fixation test.

Bank of Krok testing to module N2

Staphylococci

Furuncle pus smear showed spherical microbes arranged in grape-like clusters. Name these microorganisms.

A. *Staphilococci.

B. Diplococci.

C. Micrococci.

D. Streptococci.

E. Tetracocci.

18. A child with the diagnosis of staphylococcal sepsis was admitted to a hospital. What nutrient medium should be used for patient's blood inoculation to isolate the causative agent of this disease?

Ploskirev's medium.

Meat peptone broth.

* Glucose peptone broth.

D. Buchin's medium.

E. Yolk-salt agar.

A 55-year-old patient is hospitalized to a surgical department with suspicion of sepsis. Choose the specimen which should be obtained for examination.

A. Liquor.

B. *Blood.

C. Urine.

D.Pus.

E. Lymph node punctate.

112. Feces of a child with enteritis are resuspended in isotonic solution of sodium chloride, and a suspension drops applied onto selective medium: 10 % milk-salt or yolk-salt agar. What microorganisms are supposed to be isolated?

E. coli.

Klebsiella

*Staphylococci.

Streptococci.

Enterococci.

* Staphylococcal etiology of infection was confirmed with bacteriological examination at patient with furunculosis. What basic method of microbiological diagnostics was used in this case?

Allergic

*Bacteriological

Serological

Microscopic

Biological

*05* *08* b-12 Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that formon the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrouded by hemolysis zone. Smears from colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxydase- and catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?

Streptococcus agalactiae

*Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Streptococcus pyogenes

*Post –operative purulent complications into surgery wound took place in a surgical department. Microscopy of wound discharge revealed gram-positive spherical bacteria arranged in grape-like clusters. For differentiation of what microorganisms was coagulase test used in laboratory?

*Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis

Streptococcus pyogenes from Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus epidermidis from Neisseria meningitidis

Streptococcus pyogenes from Enterococcus faecalis

Neisseria meningitidis from Streptococcus pneumonia

*b-12 A man, 65 years old, has suffered from purulent abscess on his neck. A culture of gram-positive cocci was isolated that possessed plasmocoagulase activity.

*Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Streptococcus pyogenes

“04” 8. Microbiology examinations are carried out in the neonatal department of a maternity hospital because of the suspicion of a hospital infection. S. aureus from several children and some things was isolated. What properties of isolated cultures should be examined to determine the source of infection?

Biochemical activity.

Chrornogenesis.

Antigenic structure.

*Phage type.

Antibiotic sensitivity.

“06” 23. Cases of suppurative postoperative complications caused by staphylococcus have increased in a surgical unit. Which test should be used to determine the source of infection?

A. Drugs susceptibility test.

B. Serotyping test.

C. Aggression enzymes determination.

D.Toxin production.

E. *Phage typing.

b-12 In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed aurococcus. What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the department personnel?

A Phagotyping

B Microscopical examination

C Serological identification

D Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility

E Biochemical identification

*07* At outbreak of hospital infection staphylococcal pure culture were isolated from patient, medical staff and some objects (items) from environment. What research should be carried out to establish identity of isolated staphylococci and know a source of hospital infection?

*Phage typing

Biovar typing

Pathogenecity revealing

Serotyping

Animal infection

*To reveal a source of infection with pathogenic staphylococcus at surgery department a research was made with usage of standard staphylococcal bacteriophages. What type of pure culture investigation isolated from different places was made?

*Phage typing

Phage diagnostics

Phage indication

Phage therapy

Phage identification

Streptococci

*111. Cholecystic infection was caused by microorganisms of spherical oblong form situated in pairs or short chains. On the basis of biological properties the bacteria were referred to group D streptococci. What is their name?

A. β-hemolytic streptococci.

B. α-hemolytic streptococci.

C. Pyogenic streptococci.

D. * Enterococci.

E. Pneumococci.

*04* *2012* 115.b-12 Gram-positive diplococci with some pointed ends were revealed during the examination of a patient's sputum due to suspicious pneumonia. Which microorganism is the most likely to cause the disease?

Staphylocccocus aureus

Neisseria meningitidis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

*Streptococcus pneumoniae.

85. Microscopy of the sputum of a patient with croupous pneumonia revealed numerous Gram-positive lanceolate diplococci surrounded by a capsule. Name the most likely causative agent.

Chlamidia pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae.

C. *Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Staphylococcus aureus

Escherichia coli.

*08* b-12 Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?

A. Sarcina

B. Staphylococci

C. Tetracocci

D. Micrococci

E. *Streptococci

A 12-year-old boy after angina has rheumatic damage of heart. Every successive streptococcal infection worsens the condition of the patient. What preparation is expedient to use for the prevention of complications?

A. Streptococcic toxoid.

B. *Benzylpenicillin sodium salt.

C. Streptococcic bacteriophage.

D. Donor γ-globulin.

E. Autovaccine.

b-12 A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:

A O-streptolysin

B C-carbohydrate

C M-protein

D Erythrogenic toxin

E Capsular polysaccharide

132. A doctor has suspected scarlet fever of a 2-year-old child with catarrh and skin rash. A small quantity of serum against streptococci erythrogenic toxin has been injected intracutaneously. In the place of injection the rash disappeared. What do reaction results indicate?

A. The whole doze of serum can be injected intravenously.

B. The child is hypersensitive to erythrogenic toxin.

The disease has been caused by a nonhemolytic streptococcus.

*The clinical diagnosis has proved to be true.

E. Immune system of the child is considerably impaired.

*A woman, 48 years old, complains to breathless, eyelid edema, pain in the small of her back. There are protein, erythrocytes and hyalinic cylindres in the urine. Diagnosis is made “acute pyelonephritis”. History revealed she has being suffered from chronic tonsillitis for many years. What microorganism is the most probable reason of disease?

*Streptococci

Staphylococci

Ureaplasma

Chlamidia

Proteus

*12* b-12 During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of “white-spot zones of enamel dimeneralization” What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?

A. Staphylococcus epidermidis

B. Streptococcus mutans

C. Veilonella parvula

D. Streptococcus salivarius

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gonococcus

77. Pure culture of cocci-like microorganisms of urethral discharge was isolated from a patient with chronic urethritis. The culture fermented only glucose to acid in the standard Hiss' medium. Name the species of these microorganisms.

A. *Neisseria gonorrheae.

B. Neisseria meningitidis.

C. Staphylococcus aureus.

D. Streptococcus pyogenes.

E. Enterococcus faecalis.

*04**2013* b-12 96. Bacteriological examination of pus urethral discharge revealed Gram-negative bacteria of coffee beans shape, which fermented glucose to acid and were found in leukocytes. To what disease causative agents can they be referred?

A. Syphilis.

B. *Gonorrhea.

C.Venereal lymphogranulomatosis.

D.Soft chancre.

E. Leptospirosis.

*06* 105. Pus from urethra was inoculated onto special nutrient medium. Tender bluish colonies grew. Microscopical examination revealed Gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What disease do they cause?

A. Syphilis.

B. Chlamidiosis.

C. *Gonorrhea.

D. Tularemia.

E. Myeloidosis.

167. Urethral purulent discharge is inoculated onto special nutrient medium. There have grown tender bluish colonies. Microscopy has shown Gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What disease do they cause?

Chlamidiosis.

Tularemia

*Gonorrhea.

Syphilis.

Toxoplasmosis.

Pathological sample – purulent discharge from genital tracts of patient with acute urethritis has been sent to bacteriological laboratory. To isolate causative agent a nutrient medium – serum agar with vancomycin and nistatin has been prepared. Which microorganism is suggested to isolate?

*Gonococcus

Pale spirochetes

Fungi from Candida genus

Chlamidia

Golden staphylococci

* A lots of Gram-negative cocci have been revealed into the smear from sputum. Choose the nutrient medium for bacteriological research

*Blood agar

MPA

Endo medium

Bile broth

Ploskirev’s medium

133. An ophthalmologist has suspected blennorrhea (gonococcal conjunctivitis) of a sick child with purulent keratoconjunctivitis. What methods of laboratory diagnostics should be used for the confirmation of the diagnosis?

A. Microscopic and serologic.

D. Biological and allergic.

B. Serologic and allergic.

C. Biological and phage typing.

E. *Microscopic and bacteriological.

*05* Newborn has been revealed purulent discharge from conjunctiva. At microscopy there are a lots of leukocytes and Gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci into them. Which causative agent is a reason of this case?

Neisseria catarrhalis

*Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

*01*03* 137. B-12 During bacterioscopic examination of the purulent discharge from the uterus there were revealed Gram-negative bean-like diplococci situated in leukocytes and out of them. Which microorganism is the causative agent of the purulent inflammation of the uterus?

Chlamidia trachomatis.

Trichomonas vaginalis.

*Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Haemophilus vaginalis.

Calymmatobacterium granulo-matis

161. b-12 A sick woman has gonorrhea diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. Which method is the most rational for confirmation of the diagnosis?

A. Precipitation test.

B. Infection of laboratory animals

C. Test with bacteriophage.

D. Hemagglutination test.

E. *Microscopy of pathological material.

B-12 A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent

toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?

A CFT- complement fixation test

B IFA - Immunofluorescence assay

C Immunoblot analysis

D RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay

E RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay

Meningococci

125. b-12 A bacteriologist using a bacterioscopic test of nasopharynx mucus has revealed Gram-negative cocci that resemble coffee beans and are located in pairs or tetrads. Which microorganism was isolated by the bacteriologist?

A. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

B. Hemophilus ifluenzae.

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae.

D.Moraxella lacunata.

E. *Neisseria meningitidis.

134. A doctor has diagnosed meningococcal nasopharyngitis of a child with nasopharyngitis. What method of laboratory diagnostics is the most rational for diagnosis confirmation?

A. Serologic.

B. Biological.

C. *Bacteriological.

D. Microscopic.

E. Allergic.

135. From a child with cerebrospinal meningitis there was obtained muddy spinal fluid with numerous leukocytes. Which test should be used for express-diagnostics of the disease?

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Agglutination.

C. *Immunofluorescence test.

D. Hemagglutination.

E. Neutralization.

* Suddenly young woman has started suffering from high temperature (39 C) and severe headache. At examination rigidity (stiffness) of neck muscles has been revealed. Spinal puncture has been made. There were a lot of neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci into the smear from cerebrospinal fluid stained by Gram. Which from given bacteria might be cause of this disease?

*Neisseria meningitidis

Streptococcus pneumonia

Haemophilus influenza

Staphylococcus aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

* A culture of meningococcus was isolated from the deposit of cerebrospinal fluid. Which serological test should be used for serogroup detection?

RA (agglutination test)

*RP (precipitation test)

RPHA (passive hemagglutination test)

RCF (complement fixation test)

Immune lysis test

116. In a kindergarten children and personnel were examined with the purpose of detecting meningococcal carriers. What method of microbiological research should be used?

A. Allergic.

B. *Bacteriological.

C. Bacterioscopic.

D. Biological.

E. Serologic.

* In kindergarten a child has been diagnosed meningococcal nasopharyngitis. Which vaccine may be used for current specific prophylaxis of meningococcal infection among children?

Alive attenuated

*Chemical

From killed microorganisms

Toxoid (anatoxin)

Combined

b-12 *2012* Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis

revealed gram-positive diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?

A *Brain tunics

B Cardiac valves

C Renal glomeruli

D Urogenital tracts

E Lymph nodes

Escherichia coli

151. A 7-year-old boy has been diagnosed a cholera-like disease (vomiting, profuse diarrhea). The feces of the patient were inoculated onto Endo medium, and homotypic crimson colonies with metallic sheen have grown. Which microorganism is the most likely to be the causative agent of the disease?

A. Shigella sonnei.

B. Salmonella enteritidis.

C. Yersinia enterocolitica.

D. *Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic type.

E. Vibrio holera.

*An acute enteric infection has developed in a child, 6 months old. Feces has been inoculated of Endo medium to make bacteriological diagnosis. Based onto typical growth of causative agent a doctor made a presumptive conclusion that cause of infection was Escherichia coli. Which type of colonies was revealed onto Endo agar?

*Crimson (magenta) with metallic sheen

Large mucous

Small colorless

Pale pink with white edge

“ Creeping” growth

*2013* A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the disease?

A *Escherichia coli

B Salmonella enteritidis

C Proteus vulgaris

D Pseudomonas aeruginosa

E Yersinia enterocolitica

*01*03*04* b-12 At bacteriological investigation of feces taken from 4 months’ child with acute enteric infection a lots of red colonies have been grown onto Endo medium. What microorganisms are these?

*Escherichia

Salmonella

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Shigella

*01*02*03* A culture of E.coli with antigen structure O-111 has been isolated from feces of bottle-feeding newborn. Which diagnosis may be made?

*Coli-enteritis

Gastroenteritis

Cholera-like disease

Food-poisoning infection

Dysentery-like disease

*06* Signs of dehydration and bloody diarrhea have been developed fast in a child with acute enteric infection. Pediatrician has suspected coli-enteritis. Which method should be used to diagnose enteric escherichiosis?

*Bacteriological

Biological

Serological

Allergic

Microscopic

b-12 Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:

A Study antigenic properties of the causative agent

B To determine sensitivity to antibiotics

C To study sensitivity to bacteriophages

D To study biochemical properties of the causative agent

E To study virulence of the causative agent

*A child with complaints onto general weakness, bloody diarrhea and pain in kidney region has been hospitalized. Body temperature is normal. There are no leucocytes at coproscopy. Indicate, which microorganism could cause such symptoms of disease?

*Enteroinvasive E.coli

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

Enterotoxic E.coli

Enteropathogenic E.coli

Enteroadhesive E.coli

*A pure culture of E.coli has been isolated from feces of ill person. What is from given later does not correspond to characteristics of this species? E.coli is:

*Toxigenic in case of lysogenization

Representative of large intestine microbiota

Causative agent of purulent infection

Causative agent of cholera-like disoders

Active component of eubiotics

Salmonella typhi

28. After inoculation of feces specimen from a patient with typhoid fever onto Endo medium colonies of different size and color — big red and medium colorless - have grown. Name the functional type of this medium.

A. Selective.

B. Enriched.

C. Special.

D. *Differential-diagnostic.

E. Universal (general purpose).

104. From the blood of a patient there was obtained the culture of typhoid fever pathogen. What cultural properties are characteristic of this pathogen?

A. Hemolysis on blood agar.

B. Formation of red colonies with metallic luster on Endo medium.

C. Formation of colorless colonies on bismuth-sulfite agar medium.

D. *Formation of colorless colonies on Endo medium.

E. Formation of a gentle pellicle on alkaline peptone water.

166. Feces of a restaurant cook without any clinical symptoms of disease are examined with the help of bacteriological methods. On bismuth-sulfite agar little black colonies with metallic sheen have grown. What microorganisms can it be?

A. *Salmonellae.

B. Shigellae.

C. Escherichiae.

D. Staphylococci.

E. Streptococci.

40. A diagnosticum (processed with tannin sheep erythrocytes adsorbed by Vi-antigen of Salmonella typhi) has been used for serologic diagnostics of typhoid carrying. Choose the reaction, in which this diagnosticum will be used.

A. Precipitation.

Hemagglutination

*Indirect (passive) hemagglutination

Complement fixation test.

C. Hemagglutination inhibition reaction.

*07* b-12 In passive hemagglutination test made with erythrocyte thyphoid Vi-diagnosticum antibody in serum dilution 1:80 has been revealed that is higher of diagnostic titer. Such result indicates next:

A. *possible carrying of enteric fever pathogen

B. Patient recovery after enteric fever

C. Recurrence of enteric fever

D. Acute infection of enteric fever

E. Incubation period of enteric fever

*05* 174. Inspection of school dining-room staff for typhoid carrying has been carried out. There were revealed antibodies to Vi-antigen in the blood serum of the cook. Which test has been used?

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Widal's test.

C. *Indirect hemagglutination test

D. Enzyme immunoassay.

E. Immunofluorescence test.

*02* 82. A patient with typhoid fever suspected was administered blood culture. It is rational because during the first week of enteric fever the following phenomenon is observed:

A. Toxinemia.

B. *Bacteremia.

C. Septicemia.

D. Septicopyemia.

E. Viremia.

* A patient with previous diagnosis “enteric fever” was hospitalized in a hospital. Which nutrient medium from given later may be used for blood culture isolation?

MPB

*Bile broth

Yolk-salt agar

Blood agar

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

121. b-12 A patient (has been feeling ill for 3 days) was hospitalized to an infectious clinic with typhoid fever preliminary diagnosed. What method should be used to confirm the diagnosis?

*Hemoculture. (blood culture)

Biliculture.

Coproculture.

Urine culture.

Roseola culture.

*00*01* 150. A patient with complaints of a three days' fever, general weakness, insomnia, deterioration of appetite referred to a doctor. The doctor has suspected typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics is the most rational for confirmation of the diagnosis?

A. Myeloculture.

B. Coproculture.

C. Urine culture.

D.Spinal fluid culture.

E. *Hemoculture (blood culture).

91. Pure culture was isolated from a patient with typhoid fever suspected. The culture was identified as S. typhi by morphologic, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. What investigation should be used for final identification of the causative agent?

A. Serodiagnosis.

B. *Seroidentification.

C. Allergic diagnostics.

D. Antibiotic-sensitivity test.

E. Phage typing.

101. Widal's test is used for the serologic diagnostics of typhoid fever. What mechanism of antigens and antibodies interaction underlies it?

A. Hemolysis.

B. Precipitation.

C. Bacteriolysis.

D. *Agglutination.

E. Bacteria immobilization.

142. Blood of a patient with typhoid fever has been sent to a laboratory for detecting antibodies. Which serological reaction should be used?

A. Hemagglutination inhibition.

B. Precipitation.

C. Complement binding.

D. Passive hemagglutination.

E. *Agglutination.

*A serum of patient with suspicious enteric fever has been sent to laboratory. To make serodiagnosis of typhoid fever with Widal test next antigen should be used:

Immune diagnostic serum for causative agent of typhoid fever

*Enteric fever diagnosticum

Alive pure culture of Salmonella

Erythrocytic salmonella diagnosticum

Serum of patient

88. A patient was hospitalized to an infectious department on the 8th day of the disease complaining of headache, general weakness. Blood was taken for serological examination. Widal's reaction of agglutination appeared to be positive in dilution 1:200 with O-diagnosticum Salmonella typhi. What diagnosis can be made?

A. Cholera.

B. Shigellosis.

C. *Typhoid fever.

D. Leptospirosis.

E. Tuberculosis.

*A blood of patient with primary diagnosis “enteric fever” is examined in serological laboratory. After what time from onset of the most diseases serological method of diagnostics may be effective?

*After a week

After 3 days

After 12 hours

After a month

From onset of disease

*At serology (Widal test) of patient with enteric fever O- and H-agglutinins have been revealed in titers 1:800 and 1:200 respectively. It indicates about:

Recovery period

Having an illness before

State after immunization

*The onset of disease

Impossibility of diagnosis confirmation

b-12 During the repeated Widal's agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and

O-antigens S.typhi in the patient's serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would

you interpret these results?

A The patient has typhoid fever

B The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes

C The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs

D The patient previously had typhoid fever

E The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever

Salmonella causing food poisoning infections

92. A 12-year-old boy with food poisoning suspected was hospitalized. Feces culture on Endo medium revealed numerous colorless colonies. Name the microorganism, which can be excluded from the number of possible causative agents of this disease.

A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

B. *Salmonella enteritidis.

C. Proteus vulgaris.

D.Escherichia coli.

E. Yersinia enterocolitica.

*03, 07* 153. B-12 During the bacteriological examination of gastric washings of a patient with food poisoning pure culture of bacteria with such properties was isolated: Gram-negative motile rods which form colorless colonies on Endo medium. Which microorganism species is the most likely to be the cause of the disease?

A. *Salmonella.

B. Shigella.

C. Yersinia.

D. Escherichia.

E. Citrobacter.

*107. There is registered an outbreak of food poisoning connected with eating confectionery products, which were kept at room temperature and for preparation of which duck's eggs were used. What microorganisms could have caused this disease?

A. Vibrio cholerae.

B. E.coli.

C. Staphylococci.

D. Legionella.

E. *Salmonella.

*A food poisoning infection appeared in some persons which had anniversary celebration. A cream for cake have been prepared from duck’s eggs. Which the most probable genus do bacteria causing infection belong to?

Clostridium

Shigella

*Salmonella

Yersinia

Corynebacterium

170. Identification of food toxical infection causative agent has shown that according to biochemical properties it belongs to Salmonella genus. What property of the causative agent testifies its specific belonging?

A. Pathogenicity for laboratory animals.

B. Phagotype.

C. Culture properties.

D. *Antigenic structure.

E. Morphologic and staining properties.

*An outbreak of enteric infection arose in hospital department that was not connected with quality of provided food. Infection was resistant to antibiotic therapy. Which causative agent of hospital infection is the most probable?

A. *Salmonella

B. Staphylococcus

C. Streptococcus

D. Blue-pus rod (Pseudomonas)

E. Proteus

Shigella spp.

86.*2013* A patient complained of nausea, liquid blood-streaked stool with mucus, fever, general weakness. He was hospitalized to the infectious department of a hospital. A doctor suspected shigellosis. What method of laboratory diagnostics should be administered to confirm this diagnosis?

A. *Bacteriological.

B. Serological.

C. allergic.

D. Microscopic.

E. biological

*A patient with diarrhea and subfebrile temperature was previously diagnosed as suffering from dysentery. Isolated culture fermented glucose and mannitol to acid and gas, slowly broke down lactose and protein with indole production. Which from causative agent of dysentery is characterized with these properties?

S.flexneri

S.dysenteriae

S.boydii

*S.sonnei

P.shigelloides

89. Pure culture of bacteria isolated from a patient with symptoms of colitis was identified as Shigella genus according to morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties. Which test should be used for serological identification of this culture?

A. Inhibition of hemagglutination.

B. Complement fixation test.

C. Indirect hemagglutination.

D. Precipitation.

E. *Agglutination with diagnostic serums.

16. Stool culture revealed S. zonnei. What additional researches should be carried out to determine the source of infection?

A. Drugs susceptibility test.

B. *Phage typing test.

C. Precipitation reaction.

D. Complement-fixing reaction.

E. Neutralization reaction.

30. Feces culture of a patient with typical clinical picture of shigellosis did not reveal shigella due to early treatment with antibiotics. But antishigella antibodies titer in PHAT in pair serums increased by four times. What does it mean?

A. Vaccinal reaction.

B. Excludes shigellosis diagnosis.

C. The patient was ill with shigellosis before.

D.Nonspecific reaction.

E. *Confirms shigellosis diagnosis.

69. Feces bacteriological examination of a patient with enteric infection revealed Shigella sonnei. Choose the serological reaction, which was used for the identification of the obtained pure culture.

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Precipitation.

C. *Agglutination.

D. Neutralization.

E. Lysis test.

*07* b-12 For retrospective diagnosis of past bacterial dysentery a serology of blood serum was administered to reveal antibody titer to Shigella. Which from listed tests should be used for this purpose?

*Passive hemagglutination

Precipitation

Complement fixation test

Hemolysis

Bacteriolysis

* During studying of isolated from a patient Shigella culture presence of exotoxin has been indicated. Which species of Shigella is this sign typical for?

S.flexneri

*S.dysenteriae

S.boydii

S.sonnei

*An outbreak of dysentery was registered into kindergarten in the town M.. Which drug should be used for specific prevention in children?

Antibiotics

*Bacteriophage

Vaccines

Probiotics

Vitamins

b-12 A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?

A Reinfection

B Recidivation

C Superinfection

D Persisting infection

E Chronic infection

Pseudomonas

“08” b-12 A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?

Proteus mirabilis

Str.pyogenes

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa

E.coli

* A burned patient has had purulent complication. A purulent discharge has blue-greenish tinge that indicates infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which morphological feature is typical for this causative agent?

Spore formation

*Negative staining with Gram technique

Coccoid shape

Cell arrangement in pairs

Mycelium formation

*05, 07* b-12 There were revealed leucocytes and many gram-negative rods into urine sample of patient with acute cystitis. After inoculation mucous forming green soluble pigment colonies grew. Which microorganism is the most probable reason of infection?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Salmonella enteritidis

Escherichia coli

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proteus mirabilis

Vibrio cholera

2. Gram-negative comma-shaped bacteria are revealed in the feces of a patient with diarrhea. What properties should be studied with a microscope first of all to receive additional information about the revealed microbes?

A. Presence of spores.

B. Presence of a capsule.

C. *Motility.

D. Presence of volutin inclusions.

E. Presence of glycogen inclusions.

*2012* b-12 A vomiting mass of patient with suspected cholera was sent to the bacteriological laboratory. A smear “hanging drop” was prepared from the sample. Which method of microscopy will be used to reveal causative agent due to its motility?

*Phase-contrast

Electron microscopy

Immune electron

Luminescent

Immerse type

*A vomiting mass of patient with suspected cholera was sent to the bacteriological laboratory. A smear “hanging drop” was prepared from the sample to microscopy it with dark field technique and indicate motility of causative agent that is established as important diagnostic criterion. Which reagent should the smear be treated before microscopy with?

Luminescent serum

desinfection solution

Methylene blue solution

Alkaline peptone water

*No one

* A pure culture of vibrio was isolated from feces of patient with enteric infection. Which morphological group do these microorganisms belong to?

Cocci

Clostridia

*Spiral

Bacteria

Bacilli

b-12 Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gram-negative curved rod-like bacteria

were founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease

in this patient?

A Cholera

B Typhoid fever

C Salmonellosis gastroenteritis

D Diphtheria

E Intestinal form of plague

83. In the feces of a patient with acute gastroenteritis there were revealed motile, slightly curved Gram-negative rods, which grow onto alkaline 1% peptone water in the form of tender bluish pellicle. What microorganisms have such properties?

A. Spirilla.

B.Spirochetes.

C.Clostridia.

D.Bacilli.

E.*Vibrios.

95. As a result of feces inoculation onto 1% alkaline peptone water after 8 hours' incubation with 37° C temperature a growth in the form of tender bluish pellicle was revealed. Microscopy revealed Gram-negative curved rods. What disease could these microorganisms cause?

A. Shigellosis.

B. Plague.

C. Typhoid fever.

D. Paratyphoid fever.

E. *Cholera.

100. A patient is hospitalized to an infectious department with cholera suspected. What basic method of research is necessary to use for the confirmation of the diagnosis?

A. Immunological.

B. *Bacteriological.

C. Biological.

D. Serologic.

E. Allergic.

118. Feces of a patient with cholera were delivered to a laboratory of extremely dangerous infections. What method of microbiological diagnostics is to be used to confirm or deny the diagnosis?

A. Virological.

B. Allergic.

C. Bacterioscopic.

D. Biological.

E. *Bacteriological.

127. From the vomit mass of a patient there were isolated very motile, slightly curved, Gram-negative rods which react positively with Inaba's diagnostic serum. What symptoms, most probably, will appear with the treatment absent?

A. Endotoxic shock.

B. Bacteremia.

C. *Fluid loss. (Dehydration)

D.Skin rash.

E. Ulcerous damages of intestine.

* A girl, 18 years old, from rural area of India has profuse diarrhea with fluid loss up to 8 liters a day. Which from given later microorganism may be reason of this infection?

*Vibrio cholera

Campylobacter jejuni

Enteropathogenic E.coli

Salmonella typhi

Shigella dysentheriae

“01”138. A patient with complaints of repeated diarrhea and vomiting, pain in muscles of legs, general weakness, and vertigo is hospitalized to an infectious department. After examination a doctor

has previously diagnosed cholera. Which method of investigation of the specimen from the patient should be used for express-diagnostics ?

A. *Immunofluorescence test.

B. Agglutination test

C. Bacteriological.

D. Allergic.

E. Biological.

*03* A patient with diarrhea was hospitalized into infectious disease department. Microscopy of feces revealed Gram-negative curved rods. Which disease may be suspected?

*Cholera

Salmonella gastroenteritis

Diphtheria

Enteric type of plague

Enteric fever

* A detection of serological variant of V.cholera allows to identify isolated strain and make a control of epidemic situation. Which way is it made by?

*Agglutination test with O-specific and type-specific sera

By Mukerje’s

By Heiberg’s

With detection of polymixin sensitivity

With agglutination of fowl erythrocytes

* Motile, slightly curved Gram-negative rods were isolated from patient’s vomiting mass and they were identified as cholera vibrio. Which test helps to differentiate classical variant of V.cholera from El-Tor biovar?

Agglutination with O-1 serum

Lactose fermentation

Growth onto 1% alkaline agar

*Growth onto agar with polymixin

“fish in steam” appearance at microscopy

Yersinia pestis

148. Microscopical examination of the sputum of a patient with acute pneumonia preliminary diagnosed has shown chaotically located microorganisms of ovoid form up to 2 microns long, more intensively stained on the poles. What the most probable diagnosis can be made on the basis of this data?

A. *Pneumonic plague.

B. Streptococcal pneumonia.

C. Staphylococcal pneumonia.

D. Klebsiella pneumonia.

E. Diphtheria.

*05* 171. In a mountain settlement mass death of rodents was observed. Simultaneously the inhabitants of this area were ill. The illness was accompanied by the fast rise of body temperature up to 40° C, apparent intoxication, increase of inguinal lymph nodes. In the touch smears of cadaveric material Gram-negative bipolarly stained ovoid rods were revealed. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this infectious disease?

Staphylococci.

Causative agents of anthrax.

*Causative agents of plague.

Causative agents of tularemia.

Clostridia.

* From dead rodent ovoid, Gram-negative, and bipolar stained bacteria have been isolated. What microorganism may it be?

*Causative agent of plague

Tubercle bacilli

Causative agent of syphilis

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

* A geologist which has returned from expedition visited doctor and had typical for plague complaints. During examination doctor revealed symptoms of pneumonia. Which method of microscopy allows to reveal typical for causative agent of plague irregularity of staining?

With Pfeiffer’s fuchsine

*With methylene blue (by Loeffler)

With carbolic fuchsine (Ziehl’s fuchsine)

By Romanowsky-Giemsa

By Gram

*02* From the sputum of patient with headache, shivering, and cough Gram-negative, ovoid rods with bipolar staining have been isolated. They were located in chains into the smear from broth culture, and they formed R-forms of colonies onto agar. What disease is it typical for?

*Plague

Meningococcal nasopharingitis

Tuberculosis

Diphtheria

Streptococcal angina

Tularemia

*01* A man, 44 years old, muskrat hunter, has had heightening temperature up to 380С, headache, lid eyes edema, conjunctiva hyperemia, and surface ulcer onto the skin of neck. іIndicate the probable causative agent of disease:

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Brucella suis

Leptospira interrogans

Bacillus anthracis

*Francisella tularensis

*00* A doctor had suspected bubonic form of tularemia and sent clinical samples to laboratory for bacteriological method. Which feature of this method is at this definite case?

*Pure culture is isolated from infected laboratory animals

Pure culture is isolated on solid media

Pure culture is isolated on enriched media

Pure culture is isolated into liquid media

Isolated culture is identified due to antigenic structure

Brucella

114. During the swing of flu epidemic a milkmaid referred to a doctor with complaints of high body temperature, general weakness, absence of appetite, pain in joints. During 10 days she has been having self-treatment for flu. The infectiologist suspected brucellosis. Using what reaction is it possible to diagnose brucellosis?

A. *Wright's.

B.Wassermann test.

C.Coombs test.

D.Widal'stest.

E. Ouchterlony test.

*06* A veterinarian, working at cattle farm, visited doctor and complained of pain in joints, fever, weakness, night sweats. He has been ill for a month. According to complaints and patient profession doctor suspected brucellosis. Which material collected from this patient should be exameneed in ordinary bacteriological laboratory?

*blood serum

Cerebrospinal fluid

Vomiting mass

Urine

Feces

*00* From a patient, 40 years old, with acute feverish disease of unknown etiology blood was collected for serology at the 8th day of illness. After agglutination test with different diagnosticums it has been estimated that Widal test was positive at serum dilution 1:100, and Wright test - at serum dilution 1:400. Which diagnosis may be made according to serology results?

*Brucellosis

Enteric fever

Paratyphoid fever A

Paratyphoid fever B

Leptospirosis

84. During a scheduled examination milkmaids had a Burnet's intracutaneus allergy test. This test is used to detect hypersensitivity to:

A. *Brucellin.

B. Tuberculin.

C. Old tuberculin.

D. Tularin.

E. Antraxin.

126. A patient with an infectious disease has positive skin allergic Burnet's test. What diagnosis was confirmed by this test?

A. Q fever.

D. Salmonellosis.

B. Tularemia.

C. Typhoid fever.

E. *Brucellosis.

11. A patient with brucellosis has a positive Burnet's intracutaneous allergy test. Which immune system factor can induce inflammatory reaction in the site of brucellin introduction?

A. IgA.

B. *Sensitized T-lymphocytes.

C.IgE.

D.IgG.

E.IgD.

144. A child has brucellosis diagnosed. The child didn't have any contacts with sick animals. How could the infection get into the organism?

A. Via dirty hands.

B. Via dirty vegetables and fruit.

C. Via water.

D. *Via unpasteurized milk.

E. During injections.

Bacillus anthracis

119. During a biological test in touch smears from the organs of an animal streptobacteria surrounded with a capsule were revealed. It gives the basis to diagnose:

A. Tularemia.

B.*Anthrax.

C.Plague.

D. Brucellosis.

E.Croupous pneumonia.

* From horse carcass Gram-positive, capsulated, in size 8x1.5 µm, arranged in chains bacteria have been isolated. Which microorganism is it?

*Causative agent of anthrax

Causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease.

Streptococcus

Causative agent of hepatitis A.

Causative agent of tetanus.

*00* 98. A 34-year-old patient complained of carbuncle on his face. Examination revealed a painless thin edema of subcutaneous fatty tissue with a black eschar in the center, and vesicular eruption on the periphery. Microbiologic examination revealed nonmotile capsule-forming streptobacilli. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this disease?

A. *Bacillus anthracis.

B. Staphylococcus aureus.

C. Bacillus anthracoides.

Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus megaterium.

* During microscopy of cattle-breeder’s eschar (scab) with suspicious anthrax typical Gram-positive rods surrounded with capsule have been revealed, that at cultivation onto nutrient media have formed colonies with “lion mane” appearance. Which drug should be used for prevention of anthrax in contact persons?

*Vaccine STI

Vaccine STI-1

Antitetanus serum

Sixanatoxin (Sixtoxoid)

Anti-anthrax gamma-globulin

*12* b-12 There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?

A. DPT vaccine

B. Salk vaccine

C. BCG vaccine

D. Sabin`s vaccine

E. STI live vaccine

*03*05*08* b-12 39.The territory of the old burial ground of cattle (for animal refuse), that has not been used for over 50 years, is planned for house building. But soil investigation has shown the presence of viable spores of an especially dangerous disease causative agent. Name the microorganism which could have been preserved in soil for such a long time.

A. Yersinia pestis.

B.Francisella tularensis.

C.Brucella abortus.

D. *Bacillus anthracis.

E.Mycobacterium bovis.

65. A man referred to the reception ward of an infectious disease hospital, having received by mail an envelope with suspicious powder. The man was isolated, and the powder was sent to the laboratory for detecting the presence of anthrax causative agent's spores. Which is the fastest method of detecting these microorganisms?

A. Isolation of pure culture.

B. Complement fixation test.

Precipitation in gel.

*Immunofluorescence test.

E. Neutralization test.

*00* 90. An extract of cattle-breading raw material was delivered to a laboratory from the area, where cases of anthrax among animals were noted. What serological reaction should be used for detecting anthrax causative agent antigens in the investigated specimen?

A. *Termoprecipitation.

B. Complement fixation test.

C. Indirect hemagglutination.

D. Radioimmunoassay.

E. Precipitation in agar.

106. In a laboratory for the examination of animal skins the precipitation test is used (Askoly test). The resultis: in some minutes after adding of the immune serum with skin extract an albescent ring formed. What does this result indicate?

A. *Presence of bacillus anthracis antigens.

B. Presence of Clostridium perfringens toxin.

C. Presence of brucellosis causative agent.

D. Presence of escherichia surface antigen.

E. Presence of salmonella Vi-antigen.

156. To check cattle-breeding raw material (leather, wool) for the presence of anthrax agent soluble thermostable antigen in water-salt extract from raw material is prepared. What reaction may be used for this purpose?

A. Neutralization.

B. Precipitation in agar.

C. Agglutination.

D. Indirect hemagglutination.

E. *Ring-precipitation.

Clostridium tetani

146. The causative agent of tetanus produces exotoxin with different biological action effects. What clinical symptoms can this toxin cause?

A. Disorders of vision.

B.* Lackjaw.

C. Diarrhea.

D. Skin rash.

E. Nausea.

*2013* A patient was consulted by a dentist due to limited mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection may cause these symptoms?

A. Tularemia

B. *Tetanus

C. Whooping cough

D. Brucellosis

E. Wound anaerobic infection

* During earthwork one from the workers had been seriously injured. A surgery of his wound and penicillin injection had been made in a hospital. After 2 weeks he had spasms. Which drug could have been injected to patient besides given before?

Donor gamma-globulin

Interferone

*Antitoxin

Aminoglycosyde antibiotic

Tetracycline antibiotic

* After 48 hrs’ incubation into termostat of necrotic tissue homogenizate rough large flat colonies have grown onto the Zeissler blood agar. Colonies had tendency to “creeping” growth. Which properties of isolated microorganisms are noted in task description?

Morphological

*Cultural

Tinctorial

Proteolytic

Hemolytic

Clostridium botulinum

*06* 169. Jerked fish, being the cause of food poisoning, has been delivered to a bacteriological laboratory. The sample was cultured under anaerobic condition. After inoculation into Kitt-Tarozzi medium a bacteriologist has revealed microorganisms akin to a tennis-racket. What disease do they cause?

A. Typhoid fever.

B. Salmonellosis.

Dysentery.

Staphylococcal toxic infection.

E.*Botulism.

*05*06*07* b-12 163.A bacteriological laboratory conducts a research of canned meat for the presence of botulotoxin. An extract from the researched material with antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types was injected to the experimental group of mice. An extract without antitoxic serum was injected to the control group.

What serologic test has been used?

A. Complement fixation.

B. Precipitation.

C. *Neutralization.

D.Opsonophagocytic.

E.Double immune diffusion.

59. A patient with the previous diagnosis of botulism has been hospitalized. What serological reaction should be used to determine botulinum toxin in test specimens?

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Agglutination.

C. *Neutralization.

D.Precipitation.

E.Immunofluorescence test.

94. After eating canned mushrooms a patient has bulbar paralysis symptoms: ptosis, diplopia, aphonia, and dysphagia. Botulism was previously diagnosed. What test should be used to determine the toxin type?

A. *Neutralization.

B. Agglutination.

Precipitation.

Complement fixation test.

E. Immunofluorescence test.

164.*2012* 2010* A student, having eaten meat, tinned in domestic conditions, has symptoms of food poisoning, caused by Clostridium botulinum: diplopia, dysphrasia, respiratory paralysis. What caused such symptoms of botulism?

A. Enterotoxin secretion.

B. C. botulinum invasion into intestinal epithelium.

C. *Neurotoxin action.

D.Endotoxic shock.

E.Activation of adenylate cyclase.

* A dried home-made fish was sent to laboratory as suspicious cause of severe food poisoning; symptoms of disease indicated action of severe exotoxin, that damaged nuclei of medulla oblongata. Which diagnosis was given in appointment card to laboratory assay?

Salmonellosis

Cholera

Dysentery

*Botulism

Enteric fever

*02*03*04* b-12 A patient N. admitted to hospital with complaints of vomiting, giddiness, diplopia, difficulty of swallowing. A doctor suspected botulism. Which methods of laboratory diagnostics should be used to confirm diagnosis?

A. *Biological probe, bacteriological

B. Allergic test, serology

C. bacteriological, mycological

D. protozoological, microscopy

E. –

* A patient with suspicious food poisoning has been made a diagnosis “botulism”. Which tactics of doctor will be? Which drugs should be administered for treatment of patient?

*Gastric lavage, antibotulism sera, antibiotics

Antibiotics, vaccine

Gastric lavage, vaccine, antibiotics

Antibotulism sera, vaccine

Gastric lavage, vaccine, antibiotics

Gas gangrene infection

*From wound discharge of patient with suspected gas anaerobic infection next bacterium was isolated: Gram-positive rod, 6x1.5 µm in size, with subterminal spore, and it can form capsule into the host organism. What microbe is it?

*Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium hystoliticum

Bacillus anthracis

* A patient with suspicious gas gangrene infection was admitted to hospital. Which medium should patient sample be inoculated?

*Kitt-Tarozzi

Levin’s

Endo

Muller’s

Rassel’s

* Filtrates prepared from broth cultures of gas gangrene causative agents have poured into test tubes, then added species antitoxic sera and have being remained at room temperature for 40 minutes. For detection of anaerobic species it is necessary now:

*Inoculate the test tube contents into animal

Add agglutinating diagnostic serum into test tubes

Inoculate content of test tubes onto solid nutrient media

Add precipitating diagnostic serum into test tubes

Add erythrocytic diagnosticum into test tubes

21. A patient injured in an accident has been suspected of probable development of anaerobic wound infection (gas gangrene). What is the most appropriate treatment before making a specific laboratory diagnosis?

A. Native plasma.

B.Toxoid.

C. Type specific immune serum.

D. *Polyvalent specific serum.

E.Placental γ-globulin.

*07* A sample from patient’s wound has admitted to laboratory. Which microbiological method may indicate species belonging of causative agent?

*Bacteriological

RIA

Serological

Allergic

Bacterioscopy

b-12 A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene. What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?

A Bacteriological

B Allergic

C Bacterioscopic

D Serological

E RIA

* At food poisoning a culture of anaerobic, Gram-positive spore-forming rods was isolated. Which species, most probably, does isolated agent belong to?

*C.perfringens

Proteus vulgaris

P.mirabilis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Escherichia coli

Corynebacterium diphtheria

87. A patient was admitted to a clinic in grave condition, fever, heavy breathing. Preliminary diagnosis of diphtheria croup was made by the microscopy of throat specimen. What method of staining was used?

A. Peshkov's.

B. Ziehl-Neelsen's.

C.Burri-Gins'.

D.*Neisser's.

E. Ozheshko's.

158. In the smear from the tonsils of a patient with diphtheria suspected there have been revealed blue rods with thick­enings on the ends. What method of staining has been used?

A. *Loeffler's.

B.Burri's.

C.Gins'.

D.Gram's.

E.Neisser's.

* 108. Among the children of a boarding school there are cases of angina. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained by Neisser method revealed yellow rods with dark-brown terminal granules arranged in the form of V, W, and X letters (Rome number 5). What infection can be suspected in this case?

A. Infectious mononucleosis.

D. Tonsillitis.

B. *Diphtheria.

C. Listeriosis.

E. Scarlet fever.

* A pure culture of Corynebacterium diphtheria had been isolated from a patient. After smear preparation and staining with Neisser’s technique next inclusion bodies were revealed:

Starch

Glycogen

*Volutin (polyphosphate)

Sulfur

Drops of neutral lipids

*After examination of 6-year-old girl with angina a doctor suspected diphtheria. He collected a sample from tonsils. Which microscopy appearance is typical for causative agent of this disease?

*Gram-positive rods arranged at angle

Gram-positive cocci arranged in chains

Gram-negative cocci arranged in pairs

Chaotically located Gram-negative rods

Paired Gram-negative cocci

OB-12 While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some gram-positive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?

A Diphtheria

B Angina

C Scarlet fever

D Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

E Epidemic parotitis

* A pure culture was isolated from material (membrane from tonsils) of patient with suspected case of diphtheria. Morfologically these microorganisms are:

*Rods with clublike bulges on ends

Spherical shape

Rod-shaped

Spiral form

Rods with pointed ends

* From patient with suspected faucial diphtheria a bacterium with next morphological properties was isolated: Gram-positive rod with bulges onto ends, 3x0.6 µm, arranged as fence in smear. Which microorganism is it?

*Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum

Streptococcus

Actynomyces

Bordetella pertussis

* During identification of Corynebacterium diphtheria culture cultural properties, starch fermentation and hemolytic activity are studied for:

*Indication of biovars

Indication of serovars

Detection of toxigenecity

Phage typing

Bacteriocin detection

b-12 A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differential diagnostic medium:

A Blood tellurite agar

B Endo's agar

C Ploskyrev's agar

D Sabouraud's agar

E Levenshtein-Yessen agar

*08* b-12 Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated onto blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Gram-positive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?

*Diphtheria corynebacteria

Streptobacilli

Botulism clostridia

Streptococci

Diphtheroids

6. Prophylactic vaccination of a student's group was necessary because of a case of diphtheria. What preparation should be used to develop artificial active immunity?

A. *Diphtheria toxoid.

B. Antidiphtheritic serum.

C. Specific immunoglobulin.

D.Vaccine DPT (triple vaccine).

E. Inactivated vaccine.

*07*08* b-12 45. To determine the toxigenicity of diphtheria causative agents isolated from patients, cultures are inoculated onto a Petri dish with nutrient agar on both sides of the centrally located filter paper strip sodden with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After cultures incubation in the agar between separate cultures and filter paper strip the sites of medium opacity are revealed. Which serological reaction has been carried out?

A. Precipitation in gel.

B. Coombs reaction.

C. Agglutination.

D. *Ring-precipitation.

E. Opsonization.

*05* During investigation of preschool institute staff for carriage state C.diphtheriae was isolated from one of kindergarten teachers. Toxigenecity examination has been made and it nas been revealed that this strain did not produce exotoxine. Which reaction was made to detect toxigenecity of diphtheria bacteria?

Complement fixation test

Immunofluorescence test

Agglutination test

*Precipitation in agarose gel

Ring precipitation test

55. Pure culture of diphtheria corynebacteria is isolated from a patient. What serologic test should be used for detecting toxigenicity of the culture?

A. Agglutination.

B. *Precipitation in agar.

C. Complement fixation test.

D. Hemagglutination inhibition.

E. Passive hemagglutination.

102. Corynebacterium diphtheria was obtained from a sick child with diphtheria suspected. What research is necessary to be carried out to be convinced that this microbe causes diphtheria?

A. Agglutination test.

B.Staining by Burri-Giens' method.

C. Inoculation on blood agar.

D.Infecting a rabbit.

E.*Determining of toxigenicity

*07* 154. A girl of 7 with high temperature, complaints of pain in throat and general weakness has been hospitalized to the infectious department. The doctor has suspected diphtheria and has given the instruction to take material from the fauces for isolation of the pure culture of the pathogen. Which point is the most important for confirmation of the diagnosis «diphtheria»?

A. Detecting volutin granules in the causative agent.

B. *Toxigenicity test.

C.Cystinase test.

D. Hemolytic activity of the causative agent.

E.Phage typing.

b-12 From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was

isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be

typical for diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a

conclusion that this is a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?

A Estimation of toxigenic properties

B Estimation of proteolytic properties

C Estimation of urease activity

D Estimation of cystinous activity

E Estimation of ability to decompose starch

*03* 75.b-12 A microorganism, isolated from a 5-year-old child's nasopharynx, is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae by morphological and biochemical properties, but doesn't form exotoxin. What process can make this microorganism toxigenetic?

Chromosome mutation.

*Phage conversion.

Cultivation on telurite medium.

Passage through the organism of sensitive animals.

Cultivation in the presence of antitoxic serum.

* A child, 5 years old, has admitted to hospital with painful throat and fever. Diagnosis “diphtheria” was made. It is known causative agent of diphtheria secretes toxin which damages translocation. Which way does it make?

*By translocase inhibition

By modification of protein translocation factor

With translation mistakes

By elongation of inhibition

By aminoacyl-m-RNA linkage damage

129. Examining a 6-year-olf child a doctor has noticed on pharyngeal tonsils a grayish "pseudomembrane". Attempt to remove it causes moderate bleeding. Bacterioscopy of tonsils swabs has shown Gram-positive club-shaped bacteria. What symptoms can appear within the next few days without specific treatment?

A. Very strong attack-like cough.

B. Lungs edema

C. *Toxic affection of the cardiac muscle, liver, kidneys.

D.Papular rash on skin.

E.Intermittent fever.

128. Antitoxic sera are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of:

A. Gonorrhea.

B. Whooping cough.

C. Shigellosis.

D. *Diphtheria.

E.Tuberculosis.

157. In the pediatric department of an infectious clinic a boy had diphtheria diagnosed. Which preparation should be injected first of all?

A. *Diphtheritic antitoxin.

B. Diphtheritic anatoxin.

C. APDT.

D.ADT.

E. TABTe

*06*08* In a patient with suspicious diphtheria microscopy of throat sample smear has revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. Which etiotropic drug is agent of choice in this case?

Eubiotic

*Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum

Interferone

Diphtheria toxoid

Bacteriophage

168. It is necessary to carry out specific active prophylaxis of diphtheria of children in a kindergarten. What preparation should be used for this purpose?

A. *Toxoid.

B. Antibiotics.

C. Probiotics.

D. Corpuscular vaccine.

E.Immune serum.

Bordetella

b-12 A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient's nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?

A Pertussis bacillus

B Pfeiffer's bacillus

C Listeria

D Klebsiella

E Staphylococcus

*05* 172. In a kindergarten vaccination against pertussis is planned. Which preparation is used for the immunization?

A. Type specific serum.

B.BCG vaccine.

C.*APDT vaccine (DPT).

D.Normal γ-globulin.

E. ADT vaccine.

*01*03*04* b-12 For serological diagnosis of whooping cough test tube reactions with pertussis and parapertussis diagnosticums were made. Granular deposit was formed onto the test tube bottom in which diagnosticum from Bordetella parapertussis had been inoculated. Which type of antibody has this reaction revealed?

Antitoxins

Bacteriolysins

*agglutinins

precipitins

Opsonins

*2013* A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercury-drop-like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram-positive bacilli sized 1-3 μm. What microorganisms were isolated?

A. Brucella

B. Corynebacteria

C. Meningococcus

D. Mycobacteria

E. *Bordetella

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

*01* 72. Microscopy of the sputum of a patient with an acute form of pulmonary tuberculosis is carried out to detect the causative agent of this disease. What method of staining is the most rational in this case?

A. Gram's.

B. *Ziehl —Neelsen's.

C. Burri —Gins'.

D. Romanowsky — Giemsa.

E. Neisser.

81. Sputum of a patient with tuberculosis was delivered to a laboratory. What method of staining should be used for detecting causative agents of tuberculosis?

A. Gram's.

B.* Ziehl — Neelsen's.

C. Burri —Gins'.

D. Romanowsky-Giemsa.

E.Neisser.

OB-12 A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?

A Method of Ziel-Neelsen

B Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa

C Method of Gram

D Method of Neisser

E Method of Burry-Gins

117. Centrifuge urine of a patient with renal tuberculosis suspected was used to prepare a smear. What method of staining should be used for pathogen detecting?

A. Loeffler's.

B. Burri.

C. Gram's.

D. *Ziehl-Neelsen's.

E. Romanovsky-Giemsa.

*02* 05* 109. The sputum of a patient with tuberculosis was delivered to a bacteriological laboratory. What staining method should be used for microscopic examination of the smears for revealing tuberculosis mycobacteria?

A. Zdrodovsky's.

B.Bum's.

C.*Ziehl-Neelsen's.

D. Gram's.

E.Romanovsky-Giemsa.

*08* b-12 Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculosis bacillus was shown up?

Alcohol resistance

Capsule formation

Alkali resistance

*Acid resistance

Sporification

* A smear was prepared from the sputum of a patient with suspected tuberculosis, and it is stained by Ziehl-Neelsen. Which properties of causative agent will be indicated for its identification?

*Morphological and tinctorial

Cultural and biochemical

Patogenecity and virulence

Biological and antigenic

Toxigenecity and immunogenecity

* As usually, soil is unfavorable environment for the most pathogenic species of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoan. But, as factor of some causative agents transmission, it plays an important role. Which from listed microorganisms may be kept (survive) in soil for the longest period?

Causative agent of plague

*Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Vibrio cholerae

Causative agent of tularemia

Shigella

* A sputum of patient with tuberculosis was sent to bacteriological laboratory. One from several enrichment method , that is based onto treatment of sputum with alkali solution, should be used for microscopy investigation of smears and tubercle bacilli revealing. What is the name of this method?

Inactivation

*Homogenization

Flotation

Filtration

Destruction

123. b-12 In the sputum smear stained by Ziehl-Neelsen's method are revealed single or grouping red acid-fast rods. On nutrient, media first growth signs appear in 14 days. What species do the microorganisms belong to?

A. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

B. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

C. Histoplasma dubrosii.

D.Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.

E.Coxiella burnettii.

63. Sputum examination by Price method revealed rod-shaped bacteria arranged in twisted ropes. Which substance leads to sticking of these bacteria and their above-mentioned growth?

A. Tuberculin.

B. *Cord-factor.

Phosphatid

Tuberculostearic acid.

E. PPD.

93. A 6-year-old child with active tubercular process suspected had a diagnostic Mantoux test carried out. What immunobiological preparation was injected?

A. APDT vaccine.

B.BCG vaccine.

C.*Tuberculin.

D. Tularin.

E.ADT vaccine

99. Children had Mantoux test done in a kindergarten. What preparation was used?

A. *Tuberculin.

B.Brucellin.

C.Tularin.

D.Antraxin.

E. Toxoplasmin

* Schedule newborns (5-7 days old) vaccination against tuberculosis plays an important role in prevention of this disease. For control of its efficacy next probe (test) is used:

Schick test

*Tuberculin Mantoux test

Zax test

Allergic

Dick test

*07* 145. B-12 A 16-year-old patient from the countryside has a negative Mantoux test. What should the doctor do?

A. *To give BCG injection.

B. To repeat the reaction in a month.

C. To carry out tuberculosis serodiagnosis.

D. To quarantine the young man from the collective urgently.

E. To conduct the accelerated tuberculosis diagnostics by Price method.

*07* 160.b-12 At school medical inspection of pupils has been carried out. The purpose was to select children for revaccination against tuberculosis. Which test has been used?

A. Burnet's.

B.Schick's.

C. Skin test with tularin.

D. *Mantoux test.

E. Anthraxin skin test.

*07*08* *2012* 48 hrs after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a 10-years-old child had a papule 8 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?

A. Hypersensitivity reaction II type

B. *Hypersensitivity reaction IV type

C. Reaction like serum illness

D. Atopic reaction

E. Reaction like Arthus phenomenon

*2013* a child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hrs the site of allergen injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful/ What are the main components that determine such response of the body?

A. Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

B. B-lymphocytes, IgM

C. Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes

D. Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG

E. Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

159.b-12 At a maternity hospital immunization of all newborn 5-7 days-old children against tuberculosis has been carried out. What vaccine has been used?

A. Tetanus toxoid.

B. Diphtheritic toxoid.

C. *BCG.

D. TABTe.

E. APDT.

*2011*2013* b-12 While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. Test result was negative. What does this result of the test mean?

A *Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis

B Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis

C Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus

D Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis

E Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus

*08* Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:

Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DPT)

*BCG

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTT)

Mycobacterium leprae

97. After complex examination of a patient leprosy was diagnosed. Name the skin allergic test, which should be used to confirm the diagnosis.

A. Dick's.

B. Mantoux.

C. *Mitsuda's.

D. Coombs'.

E. Schick’s.

*03*a child had been examined with Mantoux test to decide about necessity of revaccination. Test appeared as negative. What does such result indicate?

Absence of antitoxic immunity to tubercle bacilli

Presence of antibody to tubercle bacilli

*absence of cellular immunity to tuberculosis

Presence of cellular immunity to tuberculosis

Absence of antibody to tubercle bacilli

Treponema pallidum

141. A patient with syphilis suspected has arrived to a hospital. What method should be used for detecting the causative agent in hard chancre?

A. Microscopy of material stained by Gram's method.

Isolation of pure culture.

*Using dark-field microscopy.

Wassermann test.

E. Agglutination test.

*06* A patient, 18 years old, has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, painless, indurated at palpation. On genital mucous membrane there is small ulcer with indurated edges and “varnished” grayish bottom. What diagnosis is the most probable?

Gonorrhea

Tuberculosis

Leprosy

Trophic ulcer

*Syphilis

*04* 80.b-12 Microscopy of the specimen of a regional lymph node punctate stained by Romanowsky-Giemsa showed thin microorganisms with 12-14 regular curls and pointed ends of light rose color 10-13 micrometers long. What disease could this agent cause?

A. Relapsing fever.

B.Toxoplasmosis.

C.Leptospirosis.

D. *Syphilis.

E.Leishmaniasis.

162. A laboratory assistant has taken blood serum from a patient with preliminary diagnosed syphilis for the immune reaction based on detecting antibodies, which inhibit the motility of treponemes and lead to their death. What test has been used for diagnostics?

A. Complement fixation.

B. *Immobilization.

C. Agglutination.

D. Precipitation.

E.Neutralization.

*Treponema immobilization test is used for confirmation of diagnosis “secondary syphilis”. Which reagents are necessary for this test?

*Patient serum, complement, alive treponema suspension

Inactivated patient serum, complement, alive treponema suspension

Patient blood, complement, alive treponema suspension

Patient serum, complement, cardiolipin antigen, alive treponema suspension

Patient blood, complement, cardiolipin antigen, alive treponema suspension

*06* 71. To conduct syphilis serum diagnostics using the Wassermann test a laboratory doctor has prepared the following reagents: cardiolipidic antigen (ethanolic extract of lipids from a bull's cardiac muscle with cholesterol), hemolytic system, test serums, isotonic sodium chloride solution, and antigen of treponema destroyed by ultrasound. What another ingredient should be used for this test?

A. *Complement.

B.Live treponema.

C.Sheep erythrocytes.

D.Diagnostic precipitating serum.

E. Diagnostic antiglobulin serum

155. A 30-year-old patient's Wassermann test is positive (++++). What infectious disease diagnostics is this test used for?

A. Brucellosis.

B.* Syphilis.

C. Tuberculosis.

D. Poliomyelitis.

E. Influenza.

*00* During patient with pulmonary tumor examination Wassermann test has been made and it was positive (+++). Which next doctor tactics will be?

To assign Wassermann test secondary with microprecipitation test

*To make a diagnosis: syphilis

To assign Wassermann test secondary

To assign microprecipitation tests

To assign biopsy formpulmonary tumor

*A month after discharge of young man from the dermatovenereological hospital, where he had been treated from syphilis, he visited a doctor again with complaints of indurated painless ulcer. A doctor made diagnosis “primary syphilis”. What results of previous treatment? What is the name of form of infectious disease revealed by doctor?

*Total recovery, reinfection

Total recovery, superinfection

Partial recovery, reccurence

Partial recovery, carrier state

Total recovery., secondary infection

Borrelia spp.

*00* 79. Microscopy of the blood smear stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa showed thin, bluish-violet filaments with 5-7 large curls 10-30 micrometers and more long. What disease can be characterized by such microscopic picture?

A. Leishmaniasis.

B. Syphilis.

C. Leptospirosis.

D. Toxoplasmosis.

E. *Relapsing fever.

120. To an infectious clinic a patient with preliminary diagnosed epidemic relapsing fever is hospitalized. What material, taken from the patient, is it necessary to examine first of all?

A. *Blood.

B. Urine.

C. Spinal fluid.

D. Feces.

E. Nasopharynx swab.

*01* 139. A patient with a periodically repeating fever is hospitalized to an infectious department. In blood specimen (a thick drop), stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method, spiral microorganisms with sharp ends of blue-violet color are revealed. Which disease is caused by this agent?

A. *Relapsing fever.

B.Typhoid fever.

C.Malaria.

D. Epidemic typhus.

E.Leptospirosis.

*From patient with suspicious relapsing fever blood was taken during fever. A smear “thick drop” was prepared for bacterioscopy. Which method of staining should be used for causative agent revealing?

By Ziehl-Neelsen

*By Romanowsky-Giemsa

By Burri-Hins

By Neisser

By Aujesky

*What sanitary-epidemiological measure allows to decrease suddenly morbidity rate for epidemic relapsing fever?

*Fight with pediculosis (lice)

Extermination of wild rodents

Disinfestations (extermination of animals)

Insecticide usage

Acaricide usage (fight with ticks)

*02* After patient examination a diagnosis – tick-born relapsing fever (borreliosis). Which way might patient be infected?

Through bite of malarial mosquito

*through bite of country tick

Through bite of dog tick

Through bite of taiga tick

Through bite of mosquito

* Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) was revealed in endemic regions of the USA first, but now it is registered in Europe, Asia and Australia. Which way is Lyme borreliosis transmitted?

Via hemotransfusion

*Via tick bite

After contact with rodent’s urine

At eating of waterfowl meat

Via louse bite

Leptospira interrogans

*06, 07* 165. B-12 A patient was hospitalized on the 5th day of illness with jaundice signs, pain in muscles, rigor, nose bleeding. A bacteriologist used dark-field microscopy. In the patient's blood there have been revealed motile spiral microorganisms. Name the causative agent.

A. Bartonella bacilloformis.

B. Borrelia duttoni.

C. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

D.*Leptospira interrogans

E. Rickettsia mooseri.

173. In the endemic region of leptospirosis the population is ill with this dangerous illness. What source of the infection is the most dangerous?

A. *Rodents.

B.Dairy products.

C.Cattle.

D.Meat products.

E. Ticks.

* There have been motile microorganisms with many small coils stained pink by Romanowsky-Giemsa in urine of patient with signs of intoxication and renal failure. History revealed that patient swam in water reservoir some days ago. Which disease may be suspected?

*Leptospirosis

Syphilis

Influenza

Brucellosis

Pseudotuberculosis

b-12

A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice, haemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method) revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?

A Leptospira

B Treponema

C Spirilla

D Borrelia

E Campilobacteria

Campylobacter/Helicobacter

149. During fibrogastroscopy there was taken mucosa biopsy material in the site of the ulcer of a patient with stomach ulcer. In the Gram-stained touch smear there were revealed Gram-negative curved microorganisms. With the rest biopsy material urease test had been made. This test was positive. What bacteria have been revealed?

A. *Campylobacter jejuni.

B. Spirilla minor.

C. Shigella flexneri.

D. Treponema pallidum.

E. Helicobacter pylori.

143. A doctor has suggested a patient to make bacteriological analysis to detect the causative agent of gastric ulcer. What microorganisms can be isolated?

A. Salmonellae.

B. Listeria.

C. Leptospires.

D. *Helicobacter pylori.

E. Shigellae.

122. A 28-year-old patient with moderate intoxication and bloody diarrhea is hospitalized. Stool culture revealed curved Gram-negative bacteria — microaerophils, catalase-positive, urease-positive, without spores and capsules, motile. Which bacteria are characterized by these properties?

A. Proteus mirabilis.

B. Escherichia coli.

C. Haemophilus influenzae.

D.*Helicobacter pylori.

E.Salmonella typhi.

* A man, 45 years old, has been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease after X-ray examination. Which nutrient medium is biopsy sample inoculated for bacteriological confirmation of diagnosis?

Blood agar

*Nutrient medium for urease revealing

Endo medium

Ploskirev medium

Meat-peptone agar

“2012” b-12 A patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Analysis of the biopsy material enabled doctors to diagnose him with helicobacteriosis. What property of the bacteria found in this patient had to be obligatory taken into account during their cultivation?

A Microaerophilic ability

B Presence of urease

C Colonisation of gastral cells

D Absence of spores and capsules

E Presence of six polar flagella

Chlamidia

* Chlamidia trachomatis has been isolated from genital tract of 35years old man, suffering from chronic urethritis. What organs may this causative agent damage else?

Kidney

Joints

*Eyes

Central nervous system

Gastro-intestinal tract

* Which method of investigation is the most informable to control recovery after chlamydial infection?

*Direct immunofluorescence

Antibody titer detection with ELISA

Polymerase chain reaction

Western-blot

Smear microscopy

Rickettsia

* A patient, 55 years old, with typical rash, fever, and giddiness was admitted to hospital. A previous diagnosis “epidemic typhus” was made. No more same cases were registered. In youth (15 years) he had typhus in board school. Which disease may be told about?

Enteric fever

Measles

Rubella

Cholera

*Brill’s disease

Pathogenic fungi : Candida

*07* 147.b-12 On the mucous membrane of cheeks and tongue of a child some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk were revealed. In the prepared smears Gram-positive oval yeast-like cells are found. What causative agent is this?

A. Corinebacterium diphtheriae.

B. Staphylococci.

C. *Fungi of Candida genus,

D. Actinomycetes.

E. Fusobacteria.

*08* b-12 Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?

Diphtheria

*Candidosis

Staphylococcal infection

Actinomycosis

Streptococcal infection

124. The scraping of albescent fur from oral cavity mucous membranes was sent to a laboratory. The material was inoculated onto Sabouraud's medium. Sour cream-like colonies' growth was revealed. Bacterioscopic method has shown short budding strings. What group of infections can we refer this disease to?

A. *Mycosis.

B.Spirochetosis.

C.Rickettsiosis.

D. Mycoplasmosis.

E.Chlamidiosis.

*113. A pediatrician examining a 3-month-old child has noticed that the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the tongue are covered with dense whitish fur. In the material taken from the site of affection a bacteriologist has revealed yeast. What mycosis will he suspect in this case?

A. Actinomycosis.

B. Favus.

C. Epidermophytia.

D. *Candidiasis.

E.Trichophytosis

A child was hospitalized to a clinic. On the mucous membrane of cheeks, palate, and tongue there was revealed white and yellowish fur typical of candidiasis. What material should be taken for examination?

A. *White exudates (plaques) from different sites of oral cavity.

B. Hair and nails.

C. Blood.

D. Mucus from nasopharynx.

E.Urine.

35. Candidosis of the oral cavity of a child is diagnosed. What preparation should be used for treatment?

A. Cifran.

B. Gentamycin.

C.Penicillin sodium salt.

D.Tetracycline hydrochloride.

E. *Nystatin.

78. Microscopy of the smear of vaginal discharges of a woman with chronic colpovaginitis revealed round and oval budding cells 3-6 micrometers in size. Name the fungal disease, which can be caused by these microorganisms.

A. Epidermophytium.

B.Coccidiosis.

C.*Candidosis.

D. Microsporia.

E.Cryptococcosis.

26. A pregnant woman complained of itching and genital tracts discharges. Bacterioscopy of vaginal discharges smear showed big Gram-positive oval oblong cells which form pseudomycelium. What is the most plausible causative agent of the disease?

A. Staphylococci.

B.*Fungi of Candida genus.

C. Streptococci.

D.Diplococci.

E. Sarcina.

*05*Gram-positive big oval cells with budding chaotically located and elongated cells arranged in chains have been isolated from mucous membrane of a patient, which has been treated with immunosuppressive drugs for a long time. Which causative agent was isolated?

Streptobacteria

Streptococci

Actynomyces

Yersinia

*Candida

* After long-lasting treatment with antibiotics signs of stomatitis have developed in a patient. There were oval pleomorphic Gram-positive cells that arranged in clusters in smears prepared from mucous membrane of oral cavity. Which from listed later microorganisms might be reason of such appearance?

*C.albicans

C.perfringens

S.aureus

S.pyogenes

C.pylori

*03* b-12 At microscopy of patient’s hair taken from damaged places there were mycelium fragments, spores, air bubbles and lipid droplets. What fungal disease is such microscopy appearance is typical for?

*Favus (crusted ringworm)

Trichophytosis

Epidermophytosis

Microsporia

Sporotrychosis

Protozoa

136. A woman with complaints characteristic of inflammatory process in vagina has referred to a gynecologist. Which protozoa can it be caused by?

A. *Trichomonas vaginalis.

B.Toxoplasma gondii.

C.Plasmodium malariae.

D. Entamoeba coli.

E.Lamblia intestinalis.

*06*07* a patient has symptoms of inflammatory process of genito-urinary tract. There are large unicellular pear-shaped organisms with pointed spike on the back side of body, large nucleus and undulate membrane. Which protozoan has been found in a smear?

*Trichomonas vaginalis

Lamblia intestinalis

Trichomonas buccalis

Trichomonas hominis

Trypanosoma gambiense

*08* A gynecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract infection. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?

*Urogenital trichomoniasis

Balantidiasis

Toxoplasmosis

Intestinal trichomoniasis

Lambliasis (giardiasis)

*2012* a patient consulted with dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichiomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?

A. Doxycycline hydrochloride

B. Ampicillin

C. Gentamycin sulfate

D. Nystatin

E. metronidazole

*02* a woman, 32 year old, with asymptomatic infection has delivered dead child with apparent microcephaly at second time. What disease should doctor think about at first turn?

Histoplasmosis

Brucellosis

Listeriosis

Syphilis

*Toxoplasmosis

*07* A patient is suspected ill with one from protozoan infections. His lymph node punctate has been investigated. There were half-moon shaped (semilunar) bodies with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nuclei in the smear stained with Romanowsky-Giemsa. Which protozoan was revealed in smears?

*Toxoplasma

Trypanosome

Malarial plasmodia

Viscera-tropic leishmania

Dermatotropic leishmania

*02*,*03*,*04* *2012* Doctor was visited with patients suffering from the similar complains: weakness, intestinal pain and disorders of GIT. After feecs investigation it has been revealed that current hospitalization was necessary for one of patients, at which cysts with four nuclei have been revealed. What protozoan is such cyst typical for?

Trichomonas

Balantidium

*Dysentery amoeba

Lamblia (Giardia)

Intestinal amoeba

*05,06* A patient with biliary tract inflammation was admitted to gastro-intestinal department. There were motile pear-shaped protozoa, double-nucleated with bearing stem – axostyle. Which protozoan infection is diagnosed at this patient?

*Giardiasis

Enteric amoebiasis

Enteric balantidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Amoebial dysentery

*2013* b-12 examination of the duodenal contents revealed some pear-shaped protozoa with two nuclei and four pairs of flagella. The organisms has also two axostyles between the nuclei and a ventral adhesive disc. What protozoan representive was found in the patient?

A. Toxoplasma

B. Lamblia

C. Trypanosome

D. Leishmania

E. Intestinal trichomonas

*03* Parents, that have been worked in Asian country, visited a doctor with ill child. A child has sallow complexion, lack of appetite, sluggishness, enlarged liver, spleen, and regional lymph nodes. Which protozoan infection may be suspected?

Toxoplasmosis

Amoebiasis

Balantidiasis

Lambliosis (giardiasis)

*Visceral leishmaniosis

*04* two weeks after blood transfusion recipient has fever. What protozoan disease may be thought about?

Trypanosomiasis

Amoebiasis

Toxoplasmosis

*Malaria

Leishmaniasis

*2013* a patient who has recently come from an epidemic area presents with elevated body temperature, headache, chills, malaise, that is with are typical for a common cold. What laboratory test are nessesary either to confirm orto refuse the diagnosis of malaria?

A. Microscopy of the bone marrow punctuate

B. Study of the lymph node punctuate

C. *Microscopy of the blood smears

D. Study of cerebrospinal fluid

E. Urine assay

*06* a person, which lived in endemic region, has had tertian malaria. 1.5 years after leaving for another region he fell ill with malaria again. What is the most probable form of this disease?

Reinfection

Superinfection

*residivation (recurrence)

Secondary infection

Persistent infection

Sanitary microbiology

3. During a sanitary-bacteriological tap water investigation the following results were obtained: the total amount of bacteria in 1.0 ml is 80, coli index is 3. How should the results of the investigation be evaluated?

Quality of water is doubtful.

*Water is eligible for drinking

Quality of water is very doubtful

Water is polluted.

E. Water is considerably polluted.

b-12 Sanitary-bacteriological investigation of water by the method of membranous filters detects two red colonies on a membranous filter (Endo medium), through which 500 ml of the explored water has been passed. What are the coli index and coli titer of the explored water?

A. *4 and 250.

B. 2 and 500.

C. 250 and 4.

D. 500 and 2.

E. 250 and 2.

Coli-index is an amount of E.coli per 1000 ml of investigated water

Coli-titer is a volume of water (ml) including 1 cell of E.coli

36. Sanitary-bacteriological water research is carried out to assess drinking water eligibility. What numerical symbol characterizes the amount of E.coli per one liter?

Perfringens titer.

B. Coli titer.

Coli phage titer.

*Coli index

Total microbial amount.

60. Sanitary-microbiologic drinking water research is being carried out in a bacteriological laboratory. Total microbial amount appeared to be nearly 100. What microorganisms were taken into account?

A.Enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses.

B. Coliform bacteria.

C. Pathogenic for people and animals bacteria.

D.Opportunistic microorganisms.

E. *All bacteria, which have grown on nutrient medium.

61. Microbial amount of air in a hospital room appeared to be 1500 cells/m3. What groups of microorganisms were taken into consideration?

A. Bacteria and viruses — causative agents of respiratory infections.

B. * All bacteria, which have grown in nutrient medium.

C. Staphylococci and streptococci.

D. Hospital infection causative agents.

E. All pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria.

*b-12 At usual control of the sanitary- bacteriological state of the chemist department (pharmacia) bacteriological investigation of air has been made. There were bacilli, yeast-like fungi, hemolytic streptococci, and micrococci in it. Which kind of revealed microorganisms indicates the direct epidemic hazard?

Micrococci

*Streptococci

bacilli

Yeast-like fungi

*For sanitary state assessment of maternity hospital the investigation of air into delivery room, new born department, and other rooms has been made with Krotov’s apparatus (aspiration technique). Which microorganism indicates hazard epidemic situation in maternity hospital?

Micrococci

Escherichia coli

*Pathogenic staphylococci

Lactic acid bacteria

Bifidumbacteria

During air control of operative theatre before surgery next results have been obtained: 356 colonies have grown onto the MPA, and 6 golden colonies with clear zone of hemolysis onto the blood agar. Are these normal data for air or not?

Corresponds to normal data

Corresponds to temperate contamination

*Contaminated with golden Staphylococcus (S.aureus)

It is difficult to estimate result

Contaminated with fungi

*At sanitary-bacteriological investigation of the meat products (boiled sausage, after customer request) a seeding onto special nutrient media has been made (Endo agar, MPA, Wilson-Bluer agar). After 2 days more then 250 colonies were revealed onto MPA, 45 ones – onto Endo, and 3 ones onto WB agar. How can you estimate freshness and quality of this product ?

*High contaminated, ineligible for usage

Pure, normal

Temperate contaminated, normal

Contaminated with E.coli, normal

Contaminated with clostridia, ineligible for usage

Normal microbiota

31. Vaginal dysbacteriosis of a pregnant woman is diagnosed. What preparation should be prescribed in this case?

A.Bacteriophage.

B. Antibiotic.

Interferon.

*Eubiotic

Polyvitamin

A patient, who has been taking antibiotics for a long time, has developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What drugs should be prescribed for restoration of normal microflora?

A.Sulfonamide.

B. *Eubiotics.

C. Interferon.

D.Antimycotic.

E. Nitrofurans.

*2012* b-12 As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?

A *Eubiotics

B Sulfanilamides

C Bacteriophages

D Autovaccines

E Vitamins

* At disbiosis arising with qualitative and quantitative changes of human microbiota its correction with drugs consisting from normal flora is significant . What is their name?

Xenobiotic

Antibiotic

Vaccine

Immune modulator

*Eubiotic

Patient with chronic pneumonia after antibiotic therapy course has dyspepsia, meteorism (flatulency) and diarrhea. Bacteriological investigation of the feces has demonstrated absence of E.coli, less amount of lacto- and bifidobacteria. Which drug should be administered to patient?

Antibiotics and vitamins

Sulfanilamides and eubiotics

*Eubiotics and vitamins

Eubiotics and antibiotics

Sulfanilamides and vitamines

*01* , *02* At disbiosis, which is accompanied with putrefaction process (Proteus, Pseudomonas) and increasing (growing) of feces рН, it is necessary to administrate biological drug, which acidates environment and demonstrates antagonistic effect. Which kind of microorganism is capable of this action?

Enterobacter

Klebsiella spp.

Serratia spp.

Azotobacter

*Bifidumbacter

*For prevention of fungal disbiosis that can arise after intensive antibiotic therapy it is appropriate to prescribe together with antibiotics the special drug, including alive and resistant to antibiotics microorganisms. What microorganism is it talking about?

Lactobacteria

*Saccharomyces

Bifidobacteria

Colibacilli

Lactic acid streptococci

*Some members of normal microbiota belong to etiological factors of opportunistic infections at immunodeficiency states. Choose the most probable member of microbiota often causing such infections.

*Candida albicans

Staphylococcus aureus

Clostridia perfringens

Streptococcus pyogenes

Escherichia coli

*At bacteriological investigation of urine E.coli has been revealed, its microbial amount was 106 CFU per 1 ml. What does such amount of E.coli testify to?

*Ascending infection of the urinary tract (pyelonephritis)

Glomerulonephritis with autoimmune component

Urea contamination with urethra microbiota

Urea contamination with air microbiota

Septicemia attending of causative agent shedding with urea

Bank of Krok testing to module N3

Virology : general points

* For virus indication into cell culture a method is used that based onto changes of pH of culture medium during cultivation viruses in vitro. What is the name of this virus indication method?

*Color test

Cytopathic effect

Hemagglutination test

Hemadsorption

Plaque formation

*For vaccine preparation microbial cultures are propagated onto artificial nutrient media. Which microorganisms do not grow into artificial nutrient media?

*Viruses

Fungi

Actynomyces

Protozoa

Micoplasma

*A sample from patient with diagnosis “Influenza” was sent to laboratory. During virological investigation hemadsorption test has been used. Which viruses can be revealed with this test?

All of naked viruses

All of enveloped viruses

*Viruses possessing hemagglutinins on their surface

DNA-including viruses

Any virus

* During virological investigation of a sample, collected from patient A., 15 year old, with suspicious infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was revealed. Which order of DNA-including viruses replication into the host cell is correct?

*Deproteinization, transcription, protein synthesis, virus DNA synthesis

Deproteinization, protein synthesis, transcription, virus DNA synthesis

Transcription, protein synthesis, deproteinization, virus DNA synthesis

Protein synthesis, deproteinization, transcription,, virus DNA synthesis

No one

* Papilloma virus, the 16th type, was revealed with PCR in a patient with cervical malignancy. It is known, this virus integrates own DNA with host genome. What is the name of virus integrated with cell genome?

*Provirus

Viroid

Virusoid

Virion

Prion

* A sample from patient with diagnosis “ARVI” was sent to laboratory for virological investigation. What is purpose of virus typing isolated from patient’s sample?

*Etiological diagnostics of virus infection

To study biological properties of viruses

To study physico-chemical properties of viruses

Development of non-specific prevention measures

To study virus resistance to environmental factors action

*A child, 1.5 year-old, had been suspected with adenovirus infection by physician. With CFT antibody titer to adenovirus in patient serum was revealed as 1:20. During recovery (after 2 weeks) serology was repeated. Which result confirms previous diagnosis?

Decreasing of antibody titer

*Increasing of antibody titer

The same titer of antibody

Negative result of CFT

Uncomplete antibody revealing

*To confirm diagnosis of acute respiratory virus infection with laboratory methods a doctor decided to use serological method of diagnostics. Which way should material be collected for this investigation?

*At onset of disease (as early as possible) and after 2-3 weeks

At onset of disease (as early as possible)

At the end of disease, in period of symptoms fading

At peak of disease, when all clinical symptoms are bright

At maximal data of body temperature

* A district doctor recommended interferone usage to prevent influenza. What is mechanism of action of this preparation?

Damage maturation of a virus

Inhibition of virus releasing from cell

*Blockage of translation initiation and destruction virus-specific m-RNA

Blockage of virus deproteinization

Inhibition of virus adsorption onto cell receptors

Phages

* For prevention of post-surgery complication abdominal cavity of patient was inoculated with 50 ml of liquid polyvalent staphylococcal phage. What is mechanism of this drug action?

*Lyses of microbial cells

Neutralization of staphylococcal toxins

Immunity activation

Inhibition of causative agent growth

Disorder of virulent enzymes biosynthesis

A child, 8 month old, has intestinal disorders. Qualitative and quantitative assay of intestinal microbiota revealed disbiosis. Coli-proteus bacteriophage is administered for treatment. What is mechanism of this drug action?

*Cause lyses of opportunistic enterobacteria

Promotion multiplication of Bifidibacteria

Enhance antagonistic effect of Lactobacilli

Stimulate synthesis of secretory IgA

Intencify barrier properties of intestinal mucous membrane

* For gene-ingeneering insulin production a strain of E.coli was created, that includes gene determining synthesis of this hormone. It is the most reasonable in strain-producer creation to use vector which causes destruction of E.coli cell after task is made. Which kind of genetic structure is this?

Plasmids

*Bacteriophage

Isolated DNA-fragment

Isolated RNA-fragment

Transposon

Special virology: HIV

182. It is known that human immunodeficiency virus belongs to Retroviridae family. What basic feature characterizes this family?

A. Simple viruses, which affect only human beings.

B. Contain RNA of negative polarity.

C. *Presence of reverse transcriptase enzyme.

D.Nucleic acid does not integrate into the genome of the host.

E. DNA-containing viruses which cause chronic infections.

*08* It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme – reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase) – catalyze the synthesis of:

A. Viral DNA on DNA matrix

B. DNA on virus ribosomal RNA

C. Virus informational RNA (m-RNA) on the matrix of DNA

D. mRNA on the matrix of virus protein

E. *DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA

Rather often the cause of acquired immunodeficiency is the infectious damage of organism which is characterized by causative agents' reproduction directly in immune system cells and destruction of these cells. Choose such disease among given below.

A. *AIDS.

B.Diphtheria.

C.Poliomyelitis.

D. Cholera.

E.Epidemic typhus

OB-12 Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following diseases are characterized by:

A Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS

B Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis

C Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis

D Dysentery, cholera

E Q-fever, epidemic typhus

*02* During autopsy there were dark-red spots, plaques and nodes (Kaposi’s sarcoma) on the skin of distal part of low extremities. Acute pneumonia was also revealed, caused with Pneumocysts. What disease are these changes typical for?

A. *AIDS

B. Anthrax

C. Diphtheria

D. Influenza

E. Measles

* The most often causative agent of opportunistic pneumonia at HIV/AIDS infection is:

A. *Pneumocysts

B. Staphylococci

C. Streptococci

D. Cytomegoloviruses

E. klebsiella

*A patient, homosexual man, was admitted to hospital with complaints of general weakness, dry cough, and fever. Bilateral root infiltrates were indicated with X-ray examination. What is the most probable reason of such pneumonia?

A. *Pneumocysts

B. Staphylococci

C. Streptococci

D. Mycoplasma

E. Klebsiella

*06* 37. S. aureus associated with S. epidermidis is isolated from numerous skin pustules of a 25-year-old patient. Sputum analysis detects Pneumocysts carinii; feces analysis detects Cryptosporidia, Proteus vulgaris, and fungi of Candida genus. What disease is characterized by such multiple infection caused by opportunistic microorganisms?

A. *AIDS.

B.Diabetes mellitus.

C.Sepsis

D.Dysbacteriosis.

E. Drug agranulocytosis.

179. A 20-year-old patient has AIDS diagnosed. What cells populations are the most sensitive to the human immunodeficiency virus?

A. B-lymphocytes.

B.Hepatocytes.

C.Endotheliocytes.

D. Epitheliocytes.

E.*T-helpers.

199. “12” b-12 Human immunodeficiency virus, having on its surface antigens gp41 and gpl20, interacts with the target cells of an organism. Which human lymphocytes marker can be complementary connected with gpl20 of the virus?

A.*CD 4.

B.CD 3.

C.CD 8.

D.CD 19.

E. CD 28.

*One from perspective area of drug elaboration for treatment of HIV is creation of medicines that competitively block receptors onto lymphocytes and miss adsorption viruses onto them. What structure is talking about?

A. *CD 4

B. GP120

C. GP41

D. CD 28

E. CD 29

* A donor, clinically healthy 25-year-old man, should be examined for carriage of human immunodeficiency virus. What exactly will be revealed at donor blood assay, if he is really infected?

A. Virus RNA

B. Antibody to viral glycoproteins

C. *Revertase enzyme

D. Provirus

E. Decreasing of T-cells number

*A child, 3 –year-old, has been transfused with HIV-positive blood. Next 6 months infection has not being developed, but carrier state was formed, that was connected with transformation of causative agent into provirus form. What is provirus?

A. *Double-stranded DNA

B. Single-stranded RNA

C. Virus enzyme complex

D. Nucleocapsid of virus without surface envelope

E. Glycoprotein component of supercapsid

*A patient was informed that serology for detection of HIV-infection consists from 2 steps. Which test is used for serum investigation to detect antiviral antibody at first stage?

A. *ELISA

B. Immunoblotting

C. RIA

D. IFA

E. PHA-test

*07* b-12 At examination of young man in AIDS center ELISA test with HIV antigens was positive. He has no complaints of healthy state. What does ELISA result indicate?

A. *HIV-infection

B. Persistence of HBI

C. State after AIDS

D. AIDS

E. HBV infection

186. During checking the donors' blood at a hemotransfusion station antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus have been revealed in the serum. What method is recommended for the confirmation of HIV-infection diagnosis?

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Electron microscopy.

C. *Western blotting (immunoblotting).

D. Immunofluorescence test.

E. Radioimmunoassay

197.*2012* b-12During immunoblot analysis protein gp120 has been revealed in blood serum. What infection can be diagnosed by this antigen detecting?

A. Virus hepatitis B.

B.*HIV-infection.

C.Tuberculosis.

D. Syphilis.

E.Poliomyelitis.

*What method of laboratory diagnostics is the most informative during seronegative period of HIV-infection?

A. *PCR

B. ELISA for antibody detection

C. Western-blot for antibody detection

D. Hemagglutination reaction

E. ELISA for antigen detection

*04*05* 200.b-12 Blood serum examination of a patient with signs of immunodeficiency has shown antibodies to proteins gpl20 and gp41. Which disease is confirmed by this result?

A. TORCH-infection

B. HLTV-1-infection.

C. *HIV-infection.

D.HBV-infection.

E. ECHO-virus infection.

189. In a specialized clinic a patient has been prescribed a combination of preparations, which inhibit HIV reproduction. To what group do the preparations, which are obligatory used in complex antiviral treatment, belong?

A. Interleukin.

B. Broad spectrum antibiotics.

C. *Nucleosides analogs.

D. Nystatin.

E. Biseptol.

Influenza virus

177. During the outbreak of acute respiratory infection express-diagnostics method is used for diagnosing the flu. The method is based on detecting a specific virus antigen in the researched material (nasopharynx swab). Which serological reaction is used for this purpose?

A. *IFA.

B. Complement fixation.

C. Agglutinations.

D. Precipitation.

E. Opsonization.

A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?

A Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test

B Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay

C Hemagglutination inhibition assay

D Radioimmunoassay

E -

b-12 Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza" was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:

A Viruses containing hemagglutinins

B All the simple viruses

C All the complex viruses

D DNA-genomic viruses

E Any viruses

178. Influenza virus contains internal antigens — nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase (PI, P2, P3), matrix protein (M), and surface antigens — hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Which of them play the basic role in the creation of the immunity to influenza infection?

A.*Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.

B.Nucleoprotein antigens.

C.Matrix protein.

D.Polymerase proteins.

E.Neuraminidase and nucleoprotein.

183. A human corpse is sent to a department of morbid anatomy from an infectious hospital. The preliminary diagnosis is influenza. What researches are the most rational for confirmation of this diagnosis?

A.Antibodies detecting during complement fixation test.

B.Electron microscopic detecting of viruses.

C.Detecting intracellular inclusions using light microscopy.

D.Detecting high antibody titers during hemagglutination inhibition test.

E. *Isolation and serologic identification of virus.

184. Infecting of chicken embryos is the basic method of influenza virus isolation. Before introducing the researched material (nasopharyngial swab) into a chicken embryo a sample should be preliminary decontaminated with:

A.Formalin.

B.Alcohol.

C.Eagle's solution.

D.*Streptomycin and penicillin.

E.Ether.

*05*06* 43. There is a flu epidemic in a city. Which preparation could be recommended for the nonspecific prevention of the disease?

A.*Remantadin.

B. Influenza vaccine.

C.Benzylpenicillin sodium salt.

D. Antigrippal immunoglobulin.

E. Antigrippal serum.

194. At a neonatal unit the children's morbidity with respiratory virus infections caused by different groups of viruses has sharply increased. To prevent the spread of infection it was recommended to prescribe human leukocytic interferon. How should it be introduced?

A.Via inhalation.

B.Subcutaneously.

C.*Through nasal meatuses.

D.Orally.

E.Intramuscularly.

27. A doctor in charge of immunization program makes the list of preparations to prevent a season influenza epidemic. Which one of the following is the least allergenic and the most likely to develop active specific immunity?

A.*Subunit vaccine.

B. Live vaccine.

C. Killed vaccine.

D.Donor γ-globulin.

E.α-interferon.

29. For prevention of the seasonal high rate of influenza in educational institutions doctors decided to carry out immunization of children and teenagers. Which preparation should be used for this purpose?

A. Interferon.

D.Oxolin.

B. Normal human immunoglobulin.

C. Remantadin.

E. Vaccine

*A chicken flu virus may cause mass infections among people in all countries of world. In this case it is talking about:

Epidemic

*Pandemic

Epizootic

Superinfection

Reinfection

Parainfluenza virus

* A child complaints of sudden dry (“barking”) cough, rhinitis and increased temperature. A doctor, which has been called to patient, suspects parainfluenza infection. Which result of laboratory assay may confirm diagnosis of this patient?

Hemadsorbing agent revealing in cell culture inoculated with nasopharyngeal washing

*Antibody to parainfluenza virus detection in serum

Mouse death after infection with nasopharyngeal washing

Revealing of specific virions at electron microscopy

Formation of plaques under agar covering after infection of cell culture with nasopharyngeal washing

Measles

* There were some cases of infection among children 2 weeks ago. Based onto clinical appearance and epidemiological history a doctor suspected outbreak of measles. Which variant of laboratory assay can confirm such suspicion?

*Rhinocytoscopy

Immunofluorescence test

Serology test

Chicken embryo infection

Allergy test

Mumps virus

180. A 6-year-old boy has moderate rise of the body temperature and enlarged parotid glands. From the patient's saliva a virus was isolated. This virus can replicate in chicken embryos and tissue cultures, has hemagglutination properties, and causes symplasts formation in cells culture. Which organ is the most likely to be affected with the infection caused by this virus?

A.*Sexual glands.

B.Liver.

C.Lungs.

D.Pharyngeal tonsils.

E.Brain.

Respiratory-syncitial virus

193. During the microscopy of the cellular monolayer infected by the virus-containing material from a patient a laboratory doctor has diagnosed a respiratory syncytial virus infection. What changes are caused by this virus in cell culture?

A.*Symplasts formation.

D.Appearance of Negri bodies.

B.Cluster-shaped destruction of mo­nolayer.

plete destruction of cellular monolayer.

E.Cells proliferation

*After examination of a child at second day of illness a doctor suspected respiratory-syncitial infection. Which variant of laboratory assay may confirm diagnosis during first days of hospitalization?

*Detection of RS-antigens in nasopharyngeal samples

Serology (4-fold rising of antibody titer)

Ig A detection in nasopharyngeal samples

Ig M detection in nasopharyngeal samples

High antibody titers to RS-antigens in patient serum

Rubella virus

* b-12 A pregnant woman was examined for some infections during registration in maternity hospital. IgM antibody to rubella virus was detected into the serum. What does it indicate?

*Primary infection

Chronic process

A woman is healthy

Exacerbation of chronic process

Repeated infection with rubella virus

*A pregnant woman (first trimester of pregnancy), which had contact with rubella case, visited a doctor. Which recommendation may be given by doctor?

Vitamines A,E

Immunoglobulins

Antibiotics

Vitamines

*Induced abortion

Other respiratory viruses

* A patient has headache, general weakness, cough, and fever. Clinical diagnosis ARVI is made. Which from listed viruses can be cause of this infection?

The flu virus

Adenovirus

Respiratory-syncitial virus

Coronavirus

*Any of them

Hepatitis B virus

175. High-sensitivity methods are used for checking the presence of virus hepatitis B antigens in donors' blood. Which test should be used?

A. *Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. (ELISA)

D. Complement fixation.

B. Immunoelectrophoresis.

C. Indirect hemagglutination.

E. Indirect immunofluorescence.

196. HBs-antigen has been revealed during enzyme immunoassay in serum. What infection can be diagnosed by this antigen detecting?

A. Syphilis.

B.Virus hepatitis A.

C.AIDS.

D. Tuberculosis.

E.*Virus hepatitis B.

*At donor blood assay one from the markers of hepatitis B infection was revealed. What marker detection does not allow to use this blood for hemotransfusion?

*HBs-antigen

HBc-antigen

HAV

Hbe-antibody

Hbe-antigen

b-12 The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?

A Previous hepatitis B

B Acute hepatitis B

C Acute hepatitis C

D Chronic hepatitis В

E Chronic hepatitis С

*A man, 25-year-old, has fever and jaundice. There were not neither HBsAg nor antibody to HBs-antigen in the blood assay asked by doctor. Which from additional test, most probably, may confirm presence of hepatitis B infection?

*HBeAG

Antibody to HBeAg

Antibody to HBcAg

HBxAg

Delta-antigen

*2013* A patient M. complaining of fever, general weakness, and jaundice, was admitted to infectious department. A doctor suspected hepatitis B infection based onto event, that patient had hemotransfusion some months ago. What basic methods of laboratory diagnostics in case of hepatitis B are?

A. *Serology and gene diagnostics

B. Isolation of a virus into cell culture and identification due to CPE

C. Virion detection in the blood at electron microscopy

D. Isolation of a virus into chicken embryo

E. Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization test)

*06* 185. The causative agent of hepatitis D (delta-agent) is a defective virus. It can replicate only in cells already infected with one of the viruses. Which one is possible with?

A. Human immunodeficiency.

B.Hepatitis A.

C.Hepatitis E.

D.Epstein-Barr.

E. *Hepatitis B.

191. A patient with a very grave course of hepatitis B has been administered the examination for detecting the possible concomitant agent, which complicates the course of the basic disease. What agent is this?

A.*Delta-virus.

B.Hepatitis C virus.

C.Hepatitis G virus.

D.Hepatitis E virus.

E.HBs-antigen.

b-12 *01*, *02* 192. During an operative intervention (surgery) a patient had blood transfusion. In this blood the presence of the following causative agent should be checked:

A.*Hepatitis B virus.

B.Hepatitis A virus.

C.Hepatitis E virus.

D.Enteroviruses.

E.Adenoviruses.

*02* A patient with jandice has next result of laboratory assay: HBsAg -, HBeAg -, antiHBsG +, anti HBsМ-, HСAg+. Which diagnosis is confirmed on the base of these data?

Hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis B with low replicative activity

Repeated infection with hepatitis B

*Hepatitis C, last hepatitis B

Recurrence of hepatitis B

*03* During examination of a donor, which has not being given blood for a long time, antiHBs-antibody was revealed with ELISA. What does positive result indicate in this case?

About chronic hepatitis C

About acute hepatitis C

About chronic hepatitis B

*about recovery after hepatitis B

About acute hepatitis B

Hepatitis A virus

76. A patient with viral hepatitis A was admitted to an infectious hospital. What antibodies will be synthesized first in response to this virus reproduc­tion?

A. IgA.

B.IgG.

C.*IgM.

D. IgD.

E. IgE.

188. In a settlement there is registered an outbreak of hepatitis associated with water factor. What virus could induce this outbreak?

A.Hepatitis G.

B.Hepatitis C.

C.Hepatitis D.

D.*Hepatitis A.

E.Hepatitis B.

* A month after returning from summer camp a child was hospitalized into infectious department. A doctor suspected hepatitis A infection based onto complaints. What is the most probable way of hepatitis A infection in this case?

*Fecal-oral

Via contact

By inhalation of dust

transmissive (via vector)

Parenteral

*07* A outbreak of hepatitis has been registered in region, that is connected with water factor. Which virus could cause this outbreak?

Hepatitis G virus

Hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis D virus

*Hepatitis A (E!) virus

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis E virus

*A person with general weakness, subfebrility, icteritious sclera and skin visited a hospital. It is known from history, that he was at seaside and ate seafood without cooking 2 weeks ago. Which markers detection allows confirming diagnosis “acute hepatitis E”?

*IgM anti-HEV

IgM anti-HAV

IgG anti-HEV

IgG anti-HAV

Poliovirus/enteroviruses

176. From a patient with acute intestinal infection enterovirus was obtained. To detect the serotype of the virus diagnostic sera were used. Which antibodies must the serums contain?

A.To proteins of supercapsid.

B.* To proteins of capsid.

C.To non-structural virus proteins.

D.To virus enzymes.

E. To virus hemagglutinin.

198. For poliomyelitis serologic diagnostics paired serum samples of a patient are being examined. What should be used as antigen during virus neutralization test?

A. Antigens of virus capsid proteins.

B. Viral complement-fixing antigens.

C. Antigens inactivated by formalin.

D. Antigens-hemagglutinins.

E. *Live viruses.

* A patient M., after returning from India, was suspected as ill with poliomyelitis. What investigations should be done for confirmation of diagnosis?

*Virus isolation from feces and its identification; serology of paired patient’s sera

Indication of virus in feces with electron microscopy

Blood microscopy with wet mount and hanging drop smears

Investigation of lavage water of stomach with fluorescent antibody

Inoculation of feces into enriched media

181. The first vaccination against poliomyelitis should be done at 3 month's age with the use of Sabin vaccine. What class of immunoglobulins does not take part in postvaccinal immunity formation in this case?

A. IgG.

B.*IgE.

C. IgA secretory.

D.IgM.

E. IgA serum.

For confirmation of diagnosis “Coxsackie B virus infection” a sample from patient H., 16-years-old, was sent to laboratory. What should be used for virus isolation?

Endo medium

Blood agar

Chicken embrion

Meat-peptone broth

*Continuous cell lines (Hep-2, HeLa)

*08* b-12 A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of sucklings mouse were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis “enterovirus infection”. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture, but suckling mouse died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?

Coxsackie B

ECHO virus

*Coxsackie A

Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71

Polioviruses

*A 3-year-old child with severe diarrhea has been ill for 3 days. Viruses with two-layered capsid and pseudo-envelope resemble to wheel with spikes have been revealed into feces with electron microscopy. What type of viruses may it be?

*Rotavirus

Coxsackie virus

ECHO virus

Coronavirus

Reovirus

*2013* in our country, routine preventive vaccination against poliomyelitis involve using live vaccine that is administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for development of local post-vaccination immunity in this case?

A. Ig E

B. Serum IgA

C. Secretory IgA

D. IgG

E. IgM

Rabies virus

187. A patient has been bitten by a dog. The dog was caught, and it was established that the animal is ill with rabies. What vaccine is to be used for specific prevention of rabies of this patient?

A.*Live.

B.Toxoid.

C.Chemical.

D. Recombinant.

E.Synthetic.

152. A patient with an avulsed wound of shin caused by a rabid animal bite was delivered to a hospital. What vaccine is necessary to introduce for prevention of rabies development?

A.ADT vaccine.

B.APDT vaccine.

C. *Antirabic vaccine.

D.BCG.

E. TABTe.

195. A hunter has referred for medical aid concerning the bites of hands by a wounded fox. What basic aid should be given to him for the specific prevention of rabies?

A.Washing of the wound with soap solution.

B.Surgical treatment of the wound.

C.Introduction of antibiotics.

D.*Introduction of rabies vaccine.

E.Treatment of the wound with al­coholic iodine solution.

*02*,*03* b-12 A person bitten with wild dog reffered to surgical department. There are wide avulsed wounds onto his face. Which therapeutic and prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?

A. Patient hospitalization and medical supervision

B. Injection of DPT vaccine immediately

C. Combined antibioticotherapy

D. Injection of human normal immunoglobulin

E. *to start immunization with antirabies vaccine

Infectious mononucleosis virus

190. A student was hospitalized to an infectious department at the beginning of the disease. Infectious mononucleosis was suspected. Which result confirmed the diagnosis of this student on the day of hospitalization?

A.Detecting antibodies to cytomegalovirus.

B. Detecting IgM-antibodies to herpes simplex virus.

C.Detecting 4-time quantity increase of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus.

D.Detecting of herpes simplex virus.

E.*Detecting IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus.

Tick-born encephalitis

*04*08* b-12 A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious disease hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?

To examine the same serum

To apply more sensitive reaction

To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis

*To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later

To repeat examination with another diagnosticum

*A doctor revealed symptoms of encephalitis in a child, 8-year-old. What is possible way of child infection besides of tick bite?

*With milk taken from infected goats

Via direct contact with ill person

Alimentary way

By inhalation via dust

By inhalation via droplets

A patient with fever, sleepiness turned with insomnia, and meningeal signs was hospitalized to clinic. From anamnesis it is known he drank unboiled goat milk 2 weeks ago. A primary diagnosis “tick-borne encephalitis” was made. Blood was taken for investigation and was injected into suckling mouse. After 5 days animals have hind limb paralysis, respiratory failure and death. What examination allows to make final diagnosis?

Virus isolation onto chicken embryo

*Neutralization test

Color test

Paired sera investigation with HA test

Bioprobe is enough for diagnosis

* A woman with clinical symptoms of encephalitis was consulted by infectious disease specialist. It is known from anamnesis she extracted tick from a leg a week ago. What methods should be used for isolation and identification of this virus?

*Infection of suckling mice, neutralization test, CFT, IHA test with chicken erythrocytes

Infection of guinea pigs, agglutination test with encephalitis diagnosticum, PHA test

Infection of chicken embryo, CFT, precipitation test, RIA

Infection of cell culture, CFT, neutralization test, HA test

PCR, CFT, precipitation test with antiviral antibody

Smallpox virus

b-12

The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola was

sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear

microscopy?

A Paschen bodies

B Babes-Negri bodies

C Guarnieri bodies

D Babes-Ernst bodies

E Syncytium

Prions

*A man, 65-year-old, is developed with progressive dementia with ataxy and sonmia, that allows to suspect Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Which infectious agent causes this disease?

Bacteria

Viruses

Viroid

Plasmids

*Prion

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