Types of Groups
Types of Groups
(as defined by ASGW, 2000)
Psychoeducational Groups
• Use educational methods to gather information and develop meaning and skills; growth through knowledge
• Purpose can be preventive, growth oriented, or remedial
• Goal is to prevent future development of debilitating dysfunctions while strengthening coping skills and self-esteem
• Size may go up to 20-40 individuals, but subgroups are limited to 10-12 adult members and fewer if members are children
• Session length: typically 50 minutes to 2 hours
• Average number of sessions is 8-10
• Leader manages the group as a whole, disseminates information, and breaks groups into subgroups when necessary
• Leader should take preventive steps before the group’s first session: planning for session length, session frequency, number of sessions, and what will occur within sessions
• Activities typically include nonthreatening exercises or group discussions
Counseling Groups
• Preventive, growth oriented, and remedial
• Focus is on each person’s behavior and development or change within the group
• Goals are personal, but the group as a whole may also share them
• Emphasize group dynamics and interpersonal relationships
• Ideal for individuals experiencing usual, but often difficult, problems of living that information alone will not solve
• Size ranges from 3-4 in children’s group to 8-12 in an adult group
• Number of meetings is 6-16 sessions
• Leader facilitates the group interaction but becomes less directly involved as the group develops
• Topics are usually developmental or situational, such as educational, social, career, and personal
• Short-term duration
Psychotherapy Groups
• Address personal and interpersonal problems of living among people who may be experiencing severe and/or chronic maladjustment
• Emphasizes helping people with serious psychological problems of long duration
• Remedial in nature
• Found most often in mental health facilities
• May be either open ended (admitting new members at any time) or closed ended (not admitting new members after the first session)
• Purpose is to reconstruct or rectify the personalities or intrapersonal functioning of those involved in the group
• Size varies from 2-12 members
• Duration is measured in months or even years
• Leader is always an expert in one of the mental health disciplines and has training and expertise in dealing with people who have major emotional problems
• Leader’s responsibility is to confront as well as facilitate
• Operate from a theoretical position
Task/Work Groups
• Emphasize accomplishment and efficiency in successfully completing identified work goals through collaboration
• Task forces, committees, planning groups, community organizations, discussion groups, and learning groups
• Do not focus on changing individuals
• Group success is determined by group dynamics (the interactions fostered through the relationships of members and leaders) in connection with the complexity of the task involved
• Works best with fewer than 12 people
• Length varies but is similar to other groups
• May disband abruptly after accomplishing their goal
• May have considerable contact with others in an organization in which the group is housed
Mixed Groups
• Multiple ways of working with members
• May change emphasis at different times in the development of the group
• Self-help groups
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