Fungi - Florida State College at Jacksonville



Human Genetics

This section will concentrate on human genetic diseases and some of the recent advances in biotechnology that will affect us in the future.

A) Web site name: Learn. Genetics

Web URL

Click on “Cystic Fibrosis”

1) Which chromosome has a defective gene that causes cystic fibrosis? _____

2) Which chemical does this protein help to move in and out of cells?

____________________________

3) Why do people with cystic fibrosis often suffer from poor nutrition? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) How do doctors diagnose cystic fibrosis?

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5) What are carriers of cystic fibrosis resistant to? _____________________________________________________________

6) How many Americans carry the cystic fibrosis gene? ________________

Click on “Single-gene disorders” at the top of the page, then click on “Sickle cell disease”

7) Which subunit of hemoglobin protein is affected by sickle cell disease? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

8) Which organ is “often destroyed” in these patients? __________________

9) List three symptoms of sickle cell disease:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10) How is sickle cell disease treated in babies and young children?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11) How long do sickle shaped blood cells last? _____________________

12) Apart from Africa, which other areas in the world have a high rate of sickle cell disease? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Once a particular gene has been found, the only way to cure the genetic disease is through “gene therapy”: replacing the defective gene with the normal, correct gene.

B) Web site name: BBC News

Web URL:

Read “Bubble boy bounces back”

13) What did this rare inherited condition X-SCID do to Christopher? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14) What does SCID stand for? ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

15) Which chromosome does this disorder affect? ______________________

16) Why was he barred from seeing other youngsters? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

17) How was the artificial gene inserted into his body?____________________ _____________________________________________________________

18) Is this treatment a complete cure? _________ Explain why: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19) Why will their unborn daughter not suffer from this disease? ____________

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C) Web site name: University of Utah

Web URL:

Read “The History of cloning”

20) What did Hans Dreisch’s experiment with sea urchins show?

_____________________________________________________________

21) What animal’s eggs did Hans Spemann use in his experiments in 1928? ___________________________________

22) What animal was cloned by nuclear transfer in 1952? __________________

23) Why are eggs from mammals harder to manipulate than eggs of frogs or salamanders? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24) What big advance did Ian Wilmont and Keith Campbell make in cloning? ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

25) Which two endangered species were cloned in 2001? _______________________________________________

26) When was the first use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce an embryo as a source of stem cells? ______________

D) Web site name: BBC News

Web URL:

Read “Pig cloning race hots up”

27) What are the tissues or organs of these pigs designed, or engineered, for? ____________________________________________________________

28) Why are pigs good candidates for “xenotransplantation”?

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29) What problem could be caused by xenotransplantation? _____________________________________________________________

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30) Which human disease are the PPL scientists hoping to cure? _____________________________________________________________

E) Web site name: BBC News

Web URL:

A new technique called “therapeutic cloning” involves taking a cell, like a skin cell, from a patient, putting its nucleus into the cytoplasm of an egg and then growing cells that are genetically identical to the patient. Unlike “reproductive cloning”, which would produce a baby, therapeutic cloning would only produce cells that would be put back into the patient’s own body.

Read the article “Scientists given cloning go-ahead”.

31). Which three diseases could therapeutic cloning be useful for treating?

_____________________________________________________________

32). How long will it be before patients could receive stem cells? ____________

33). Where do the eggs for therapeutic cloning come from?

_____________________________________________________________

34). What alternative does the pro-life group suggest?

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35). What is the punishment for reproductive cloning?

_____________________________________________________________

36). Do you personally think that research in therapeutic cloning is a good idea?

Explain your answer: ___________________________________________

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F) Web site name: Genetic science learning center

Web URL:

Read “Gene therapy successes”

37). Why did scientists end the first clinical trials treating SCID?

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38). Which three animal models show that gene therapy can slow or reverse

vision loss? _______________________________________________

39). Why is the eye a “convenient compartment” for gene therapy?

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40). What is the name for the missing clotting protein in hemophilia?

___________________________________

41). How long after the gene therapy treatment is the patient with beta-

Thalassemia still doing well? ________________________

42). How many years do you think a treatment should be shown to work before

you say the patient is cured of the disease? Explain your answer.

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43). What 3 modifications were made to T-VEC to make it a treatment for melanoma?

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