Guided Reading and Review Workbook - Scio School District

Guided Reading and Review Workbook

Learn strategies for success in reading, testing, and writing for assessment

Create your own study guide as you read Review main ideas and key terms

Guided Reading and Review Workbook

Needham, Massachusetts Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Glenview, Illinois

Copyright ? by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. The publisher hereby grants permission to reproduce these pages, in part or in whole, for classroom use only, the number not to exceed the number of students in each class. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.

ISBN 0-13-067959-3 21 22 23 24 V011 14 13 12 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Student Success Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Unit 1 Foundations of American Government

Chapter 1 Principles of Government

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 2 Origins of American Government

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Chapter 3 The Constitution

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 4 Federalism

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Unit 2 Political Behavior: Government by the People

Chapter 5 Political Parties

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Chapter 6 Voters and Voter Behavior

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Chapter 7 The Electoral Process

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Chapter 8 Mass Media and Public Opinion

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Chapter 9 Interest Groups

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Unit 3 The Legislative Branch

Chapter 10 Congress

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Chapter 11 Powers of Congress

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Chapter 12 Congress in Action

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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Unit 4 The Executive Branch

Chapter 13 The Presidency

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 14 The Presidency in Action

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Chapter 15 Government at Work: The Bureaucracy

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Chapter 16 Financing Government

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Chapter 17 Foreign Policy and National Defense

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Unit 5 The Judicial Branch

Chapter 18 The Federal Court System

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Chapter 19 Civil Liberties: First Amendment Freedoms

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Chapter 20 Civil Liberties: Protecting Individual Rights

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Chapter 21 Civil Rights: Equal Justice Under Law

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

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Unit 6 Comparative Political and Economic Systems

Chapter 22 Comparative Political Systems

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Chapter 23 Comparative Economic Systems

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Unit 7 Participating in Texas State and Local Government

Chapter 24 Governing the State of Texas

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Chapter 25 Texas Local Government and Finance

Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Section 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Section 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Success in social studies comes from doing three things well-- reading, testing, and writing. The following pages present strategies to help you read for meaning, understand test questions, and write well.

Reading for Meaning

Do you have trouble remembering what you read? Here are some tips from experts that will improve your ability to recall and understand what you read:

BEFORE YOU READ

Preview the text to identify important information. Like watching the coming attractions at a movie theater, previewing the text helps you know what to expect. Study the questions and strategies below to learn how to preview what you read.

Ask yourself these questions: ? What is the text about?

Use these strategies to find the answers:

Read the headings, subheadings, and captions. Study the photos, maps, tables, or graphs.

? What do I already know about the topic?

Read the questions at the end of the text to see if you can answer any of them.

? What is the purpose of the text?

Turn the headings into who, what, when, where, why, or how questions. This will help you decide if the text compares things, tells a chain of events, or explains causes and effects.

STUDENT SUCCESS HANDBOOK 5

AS YOU READ

Organize information in a way that helps you see meaningful connections or relationships. Taking notes as you read will improve your understanding. Use graphic organizers like the ones below to record the information you read. Study these descriptions and examples to learn how to create each type of organizer.

Sequencing

A flowchart helps you see how one event led to another. It can also display the steps in a process. Use a flowchart if the text-- ? tells about a chain of events. ? explains a method of doing something.

TIP List the events or steps in order.

Farm machinery is developed. Fewer farmworkers needed. Urban industries need workers. Farmworkers move to cities for work.

Cities grow and prosper.

Comparing and Contrasting

A Venn diagram displays similarities and differences.

Use a Venn diagram if the text-- ? compares and contrasts two individuals,

groups, places, things, or events.

TIP Label the outside section of each circle and

list differences. Label the shared section and list similarities.

HUTU ? from West Africa ? servants

SHARED CULTURE

? mainly Roman Catholic

TUTSI ? from Ethiopia ? aristocrats

6 STUDENT SUCCESS HANDBOOK

AS YOU READ

(continued)

Categorizing Information

A chart organizes information in categories. Use a chart if the text-- ? lists similar facts about several places or things. ? presents characteristics of different groups.

TIP Write an appropriate heading for each column in

the chart to identify its category.

COUNTRY Cuba Puerto Rico

FORM OF GOVERNMENT

communist dictatorship

democracy

ECONOMY

command economy

free enterprise system

Identifying Main Ideas and Details

A concept web helps you understand relationships among ideas.

Use a concept web if the text-- ? provides examples to support a

main idea. ? links several ideas to a main topic.

TIP Write the main idea in the largest circle.

Write details in smaller circles and draw lines to show relationships.

transportation

industry

Uses

recreation

BODIES OF WATER

rivers

Types

lakes

oceans

STUDENT SUCCESS HANDBOOK 7

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