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Guided Reading Activity Answer Key

Federal and State Court Systems

Lesson 2 Trials

Review Questions I. The Function of Trial Courts

A. criminal trial, civil trial B. jurisdiction C. adversarial, judge D. inquisitorial, judge

II. The Trial Process A. plaintiff, defendant, defendant B. judge, jury C. state, public defender D. out-of-court, plea bargain

III. Juries A. indictment, grand jury B. jury, jury C. Supreme Court, unconstitutional

Summary and Reflection The entire trial court system is built to protect the rights of the defendant while determining truth in the case. No one can be tried unless that person is formally accused of committing a crime or of causing damage to another person. The Sixth Amendment guarantees that the defendant has the right to "assistance of counsel" and the Supreme Court has ruled that federal and state governments must provide a free lawyer, or public defender, to anyone who cannot afford a private lawyer. The Constitution also requires that, before anyone can be tried for a serious crime in a federal court, there must be a grand jury indictment. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to trial by jury in criminal cases, and the Supreme Court has ruled that a juror cannot be excluded from jury service solely based on race, ethnicity, or gender. This protects the rights of the defendant by providing a more diverse jury pool.

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