Mrs. Wilcoxson - Teacher Corner



|K and L Chart |

|Antebellum, Civil War, & Reconstruction |

|Directions: Decide if the following statements are true or false. |

|AKS 37: analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia (GPS SS8H6) (8SS_F2007-37) |

|37c – state the importance of key events of the Civil War to include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Union blockade of Georgia’s |

|coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville |

|Before Learning| |After Learning |

|the Unit | |the Unit |

| |Many political leaders in the South believed that Lincoln’s election eventually would lead to total abolition of slavery in | |

| |America which led Southern states to declare succession. | |

| |States’ Rights is the belief that states had more power to the national government and could declare a federal law null and void | |

| |if they felt that law was unconstitutional. | |

| | In terms of actual fighting, the Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Union forces guarding Charleston, South Carolina. | |

| |After the surrender of Union forces at Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln declared that the Union was going to send an army | |

| |to the South to free the slaves. | |

| | The bloodiest day of the Civil War occurred at the Battle of Antietam, fought in Maryland in 1862. | |

| |Although neither side won, Abraham Lincoln used news of the Battle of Antietam to announce his Emancipation Proclamation. | |

| |The Emancipation Proclamation declared that on January 1, 1863, all slavery would be abolished in the United States. | |

| |One important consequence of the Emancipation Proclamation was to change the Civil War from a war just to save the Union to a war| |

| |also to free the slaves. | |

| |The Battle of Gettysburg was important because it showed that Confederate forces could defeat Union forces outside the South. | |

| |In the early years of the Civil War, the main Union military strategy with respect to Georgia was a naval blockade of Georgia’s | |

| |coastal waters. | |

| |The first major battle of the Civil War in Georgia was a Confederate victory at Chickamauga in September 1863. | |

| |General William T. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign began in early 1864 when his forces marched out of Chattanooga southward into | |

| |Georgia to confront a Confederate army under General Joseph E. Johnston. | |

| |Sherman wanted to capture Atlanta because it was the capital of Georgia. | |

| |Because Confederate forces were outnumbered during the Atlanta Campaign, their main strategy was to slow down Sherman’s advance | |

| |on Atlanta. | |

| |Both Confederate and Union forces took part in the burning of Atlanta. | |

| |In November 1864, Sherman’s army marched out of Atlanta to free the Union prisoners of war in Andersonville Prison. | |

| |Most of the Union prisoners who died at Andersonville Prison were executed as spies. | |

| |One of the main goals of General William Sherman during his March to the Sea in 1864 was to free slaves along the way. | |

| |Sherman’s March to the Sea ended with the capture of Savannah and Fort McAllister in December 1864. | |

| |Although fighting continued elsewhere, the surrender of General Robert E. Lee to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court | |

| |House in Virginia on April 9, 1865, marked the end of the Civil War. | |

| Final Grade | |

[pic]The Battle of Antietam:

The Bloodiest Day of the War

|The South Strikes Hard as Lee invades Maryland. |

|Objectives |The Battle |The Outcome |

|Maryland was a slave state that stayed in the Union and |The Union outnumbers the Confederates by almost |High casualties for both sides ended the fighting. |

|supported Lincoln’s presidency. |double |Lee and his men retreat back across the Potomac into|

|Robert E. Lee commander of the Confederate army wanted to cut |Antietam will be the first major battle to take |Virginia. |

|off the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to limit resources in the |place on Northern soil. |McClellan failed to chase them when he a chance to |

|north and make transportation difficult. |The Confederate Army was almost defeated. |defeat the confederate army. This TOO cautious move |

|He threatens to take Washington D.C. |This was a huge loss to the Confederate Army. |will lead President Lincoln to replace him. |

|The Confederate Troops fight hard and force McClellan to return|Bloodiest single day in American history. |President Lincoln felt confident enough to issue the|

|to Union territory. | |Emancipation Proclamation. |

| | | |

Emancipation Proclamation

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The Battle of Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville will have a devastating effect on the south.

The Battle of Gettysburg

Union Victory

This is the greatest battle ever to be fought on the North American continent began July 3, Confederate losses were 28,000 killed, wounded, or captured. Union casualties numbered 23,000. Lee retreated to Virginia

• After the battle of Chancellorsville the south no longer had its stone wall. The south decided to invade the north for the second time in the war’s history in another effort to capture Washington D. C.

• Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination, making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll.

Ultimate Outcome

________________________________________________

Battle of Vicksburg

Union Victory

During the Battle of Vicksburg the Confederate Army had to retreat.

Battle of Chickamauga

Confederate Victory

The last major Confederate victory of the American Civil War. Coming after defeat at Gettysburg and the loss of Vicksburg, Chickamauga gave Confederate supporters a last brief hope of victory. On September 19-20, Union General Rosecrans led his troops against Confederate General Braxton Bragg seven miles south of Chattanooga at Chickamauga Creek. Bragg’s Army defeated the Union forces and forced the Union Army back into Tennessee. Bragg did not follow up on the Union retreat and allowed the Union troops to regroup and maintain control of Chattanooga. This gave the Union army access to many large rivers and the ability to control southern railway and block supply shipments to the south.

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Date Event Occurred: ______________________

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The Ending of the Civil War

← Sherman’s March to the Sea was a ______________ _________________ begun by the _____________ soldiers during the American Civil War in late 1864, and was led by Major General ___________________________________.

|Directions: Read the following information about Sherman and his march to |

|the sea. Does the text agree or disagree with the following statements? |

|Agree |Disagree |Text Structure |

| | |On November 15, 1864, Sherman’s troops torched |

| | |strategic areas of Atlanta, including rail |

| | |stations, warehouses, and city offices, after |

| | |forcibly evicting the city’s civilian population. |

| | |Lincoln was not nervous about the tactics Sherman |

| | |proposed and had full confidence in his ability to |

| | |lead. |

| | |Sherman’s men were to destroy only those things |

| | |considered valuable for the war effort. |

| | |Sherman’s march to the sea was not meant to |

| | |deliberately intimidate the civilian population of |

| | |the south only to make them stop supplying the |

| | |Confederacy with supplies. |

| | |Sherman did NOT approve of looting and wastage |

| | |carried on by his men as they stripped the |

| | |countryside. |

On November 15, 1864, Sherman’s troops torched strategic areas of Atlanta, including rail stations, warehouses, and city offices, after forcibly evicting the city’s civilian population. The fire inevitably spread, destroying whole sections of Atlanta’s residential areas and beginning the destruction that was to follow as Sherman marched an army of 60,000 toward the Atlantic coast.

Lincoln confessed he was extremely nervous about the tactics Sherman proposed—to cut through Georgia’s richest agricultural areas, not just to destroy stockpiles of staple food, kill livestock, and take war material useful to the Confederacy but also to deliberately intimidate the civilian population. Washington, D.C., insiders like Edwin Stanton were horrified by Sherman’s style of command and his raggedy army of slouching “bummers,” who failed to meet public standards of spit and- polish military style.

Nevertheless, Sherman deployed his men in three columns, over a 60-mile swath, falling on more than $100 million in resources, including rail lines, stands of timber, livestock herds, and cotton stores. Technically, Sherman’s men were to destroy only those things considered valuable for the war effort and to leave the possessions of slaves alone. Sherman did personally oversee destruction in retaliation for local sabotage, burning the houses nearest any wrecked roads, bridges, or ferries, and he became infamous for winking at the additional personal looting and wastage carried on by his men as they stripped the countryside like a huge swarm of locusts.

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This Book Belongs to:

Essential Questions:

• Analyze the events spiraled together to led Southern States into Succession.

• Compare and contrast how the North and South were different at the start of the Civil War.

• How did Lincoln use the Emancipation Proclamation to continue the war strategy to benefit the North? What was the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the national level?

• Evaluate which battles Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga and how these battles marked the turning point in the Civil War that would eventually led to a Southern defeat?

• Compare and contrast northern v. southern war prisons. Why were war prisons worse than fighting on the battlefield? Describe the conditions and treatment at Andersonville.

• Evaluate Sherman’s Total War plan and decide based on that evidence if Sherman was a hero for his actions or a villain.

AKS/GPS Content Standard/s:

SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.

1. A. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

Enduring Understandings:

Political, economic, and social factions within a country sometimes lead to conflict and subsequent resolution.

• How did national political issues lead to the decision for Southern states to secede from the Union? (H6a)

• How did key military, political and economic strategies influence the outcome of the Civil War? (H6b, E1, E2a)

• How did political actions and social reactions change Southern culture after the Civil War? (H6c)

Vocabulary:

• Total War Anaconda Plan Blockade

• Gettysburg Address Blockade Runners King Cotton Diplomacy

• Emancipation Proclamation Ulysses S. Grant Secede

• Robert E. Lee General William T. Sherman

Station One

1. Why did Robert E. Lee want to limit the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad?

2. What happens to General McClellan after the battle of Antietam?

3. Why is the Battle of Antietam so important?

a. ________________________________________________________

b. ________________________________________________________

Q. Why did the Proclamation only free slaves in the Confederate States?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Word Bank

Containment

Union Blockade

Outnumber

Blockade Runners

Strong

Military Loss

Insulting

Insanity

Transformation

Preservation

Ultimatum

Rebellion

Politics

Free

Slaves

Antietam

Robert E. Lee

George McClelland

Victory

Surrender

Tragedy Stubborn Illegal

Station One

Station Two

Outcome

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

Fact

Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll.

Outcomes…..

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outcomes…..

1. ________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Important Facts to Know:

Gave the Union army access to many large rivers and the ability to control southern railway and block supply shipments to the south.

Outcomes…..

1. ________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Union casualties were around 16,200-Capture and Control Chattanooga Confederate losses around 18,000-push the Union army out of Georgia.

Station Two

Blockade of Georgia’s Coast

Describe the Unions Anaconda Plan

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What would a blockade prevent?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What contributed to the lack of success of the union blockade?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why couldn’t Georgia use it railways to get supplies?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Blockade Runners were..

____________________________________________________________________________________________

After reading Sargent John Hagen’s letter home, what evidence is there that Hagen feels the Confederates are badly outnumbered.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Written correspondence is one of the best sources of information about the past events that occurred during the Civil War. Letters provided private thoughts and attitudes about the men and women who fought during the civil war.

Station Three

Letter Home

Word Bank

Outnumbered

Strong

Military Loss

Supplies

Insulting

Insanity

Transformation

Ultimatum

Rebellion

Slaves

Robert E. Lee

Victory

Surrender

Tragedy

Stubborn

Illegal

Despondent

Compare and contrast northern v. southern war prisons.

Station Four

SOUTH

NORTH

Andersonville-Worst Confederate War Prison in the South

• The camp was planned for a capacity of 10,000 prisoners, but with the breakdown in prisoner exchanges, which would have removed much of its prison population, its numbers swelled to more than 30,000.

• As the number of imprisoned men increased, it became increasingly hard for them to find space to lie down within the vast pen.

• The prisoners, nearly naked, suffered from swarms of insects, filth, and disease, much of which was generated by the contaminated water supply of the creek.

• During the 14 months it existed, more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died from disease, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, or exposure to the elements.

• Andersonville prison ceased to exist when the War ended in April 1865. The commander of Andersonville was later convicted of war crimes and executed for allowing excessive cruelty at the Andersonville Prison.

•

Q. After the Civil War, the commander of the Andersonville Prison was

A. Awarded a Medal of Recognition for his attempts to improve horrid prison conditions.

B. Promoted to head the investigative teams examining POW camps in the North and South.

C. Executed for allowing excessive cruelty at the Andersonville Prison.

D. Convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life in prison.

Q. These words not would accurately describe Andersonville?

A. Unsanitary C. Crowded

B. Terrible D. Wonderful

Q. T F Andersonville was one of the worst war prisons in the Confederacy?

In your opinion, why were war prisons worse than fighting on the battlefield?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dedication

Word Bank

Strong Insulting

Insanity Unsanitary

Rebellion Death

Horrific Tragedy

Stubborn Illegal

Embarrassing Sympathy

Speech

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Station Five

Gettysburg

After the battle of Chancellorsville the south no longer had its stone wall. The south decided to invade the north for the second time in the war’s history in another effort to capture Washington D. C.

Explain how this was a violation of the South’s war strategy plan.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Battle of Gettysburg was perhaps the best known battle of the Civil War.

Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination, making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll.

Q. Who was the Union commander at the Battle of Gettysburg?

____________________________

Q. Who was the Confederate commander at the Battle of Gettysburg?

_________________________________

Q. In what state did the battle of Gettysburg take place?

_________________________________

Ultimate Effect

The battle of Gettysburg marked a major turning point of the war. The South never invades the North again

Important Facts

Opinion Rating Scale

1 2 3 4

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Confederate troops depended on Georgia to provide:

Station Six

As the war waged on Georgia's soldiers fought everywhere. Farmers and slaves who chose to stay on plantations and work after the Emancipation Proclamation were raising food and rationing to provide supplies to the Confederate troops. Factories made clothing, blankets and towards the end of the war guns, ammunition, saddles, etc.

Major Manufacturing Centers of the South:

Describe Georgia’s Rail System

Georgia was strategically located and was known as the “Heart of the Confederacy” The North needed to stop the “heart of the deep South” from beating and all attention turns towards devastating Georgia.

Station Six

The Great Locomotion Chase

Police Report

Witness Testimony

Interview at least three witnesses to the crime. Describe what they saw and the events that led up to “The Great Locomotion chase”

The General

Witness Testimony

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Will the Defendants Please Rise

Who stole the train and why?

Witness Testimony

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Case Report Closed

What was the result of this case?

Witness Testimony

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who Stole the General

The South had the service of many talented military leaders.

Station Seven

For generations, the sons of wealthy southerners had gone north to attend the U.S. Military Academy at West Point

Southerners had long prized careers in the military as a proper background for a gentleman.

The Union's truly successful commanders held lower ranks at the beginning of the war attend the U.S. Military Academy at West Point

Militarily, the South had the service of many talented military leaders. Southerners had long prized careers in the military as a proper background for a gentleman. For generations, the sons of wealthy southerners had gone north to attend the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, to return as highly-trained military men. Among those who went with their states when they seceded included such notable generals such as Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston, Joseph E. Johnston, P.G.T. Beauregard, James Longstreet and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. While overall less than one-third of West Point graduates of the appropriate age joined the Confederacy, most of the Union's truly successful commanders held lower ranks at the beginning of the war, and would only gradually rise to the top.

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Robert E Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford Virginia. He was the proud son of Henry and Anne Hill Lee. Robert E Lee's father fought in the Revolutionary War as a cavalry officer. Robert E. Lee grew up in Alexandria Virginia. In 1825, Lee entered the US Military Academy at West Point where he graduated second in his class in 1829. After he graduated Lee became a second lieutenant in the United States army. In 1831 Lee married Mary Ann Randolph Custis. They eventually had seven children together. During the Mexican war Lee distinguished himself and received several promotions in rank after the war ended. After the war Lee briefly served as superintendent of West Point, followed by his taking command of the 2nd US Cavalry. Starting in 1860 the talk of secession and forming an independent country by southern states was becoming more and more widespread. Lee and his family lived in Arlington Virginia, which is directly across the Potomac River from Washington.

Robert E. Lee

|Directions: Read the following information and decide if the following statements agree or |

|disagree with the information. |

|Agree |Disagree |Pre-Reading/Text Structure |

| | |Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate army. |

| | |Robert E. Lee was a hero in the eyes of his men and they fought hard |

| | |for the Confederacy under his leadership. |

| | |Lee supported the idea of a revolt against the nation to which he had |

| | |sworn an oath. |

| | |When Virginia joined the Confederacy, Lee resigned from the United |

| | |States army and joined the southern cause for independence. |

| | |The north had more wins than the south and the south needed stronger |

| | |military leaders. |

| | |Ulysses S. Grant was the commander that became Lee’s match on the |

| | |battlefield. |

| | |Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house located in Virginia |

| | |on April 9, 1865. |

•

Fighting alongside General Stonewall Jackson made Lee a hero in the eyes of his men. They respected his leadership and never questioned him when he gave orders.

Confederate General

Lee never supported the idea of a revolt against the nation to which he had sworn an oath. In 1861 the south seceded, Virginia included. Back then people thought of their state as their country so naturally when Virginia changed sides Lee had to go with his "country" Lee resigned from the United States army and joined the southern cause for independence. General Lee's army was always outnumbered, Lee was smart however and understood battlefield tactics and with an engineer's sense and the support of excellent commanders, he was able to constantly defeat the Union Army time and again. After years of fighting a losing battle, in 1864 the Union army finally found a general that could match and even beat Lee on the battlefield. His name was Ulysses S. grant. Early in 1865 Lee made one last desperate attack to break the Union siege however this was a failure. He will surrender to Grant at Appomattox court house located in Virginia on April 9, 1865.

List five words that describe Robert E. Lee

“Every human being, of whatever origin, of whatever station, deserves respect. We must each respect others even as we respect ourselves.”

Ulysses S. Grant

Union General

|Directions: Read the following information and decide if the following statements agree or |

|disagree with the information. |

|Agree |Disagree |Pre-Reading/Text Structure |

| | |Ulysses S. Grant was the commander of the Confederate army. |

| | |Ulysses S. Grant was very courageous and tactile. |

| | |Grant was to the north as Lee was to the south. |

| | |Once Grant showed Lincoln that he was every bit a filed general as Lee,|

| | |the President wasted no time in selecting Ulysses S Grant as leader of |

| | |the union forces. |

| | |Confederates knew that their men were generally regarded as better |

| | |trained and better equipped than their Union foes. |

| | |Ulysses S. Grant was the commander that became Lee’s match on the |

| | |battlefield. |

| | |Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house located in Virginia |

| | |on April 9, 1865. |

•

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Ulysses S. Grant was born April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. He graduated from West Point military academy in 1843. Ulysses S Grant arose as the face that many would identify as the face of a Union victory. There is no question of his courage and tactical superiority demonstrated in the Civil War. Grant was to the North what Lee was to the South, inseparable. Previously, the Confederates knew that their men were generally regarded as better trained and better equipped than their Union foes. Once Grant showed Lincoln that he was every bit as good a general as Lee, the President wasted no time in selecting Ulysses S Grant as leader of the union forces. Finally, at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered. Grant showcased his hidden intellect when he mandated the terms of surrender that carefully protected Southern soldiers from being tried as traitors. This type of loyalty to the nation post-war would go down in history as Grant's final description.

List five words that describe Ulysses S. Grant

Biographical Information

General Ulysses S. Grant

Biographical Information

General Robert E. Lee

|Date of Birth | |

|Place of Birth | |

|Education | |

|Claim to Fame |

|In five complete sentences summarize why this person was important to the Civil War: |

|Date of Birth | |

|Place of Birth | |

|Education | |

|Claim to Fame |

|In five complete sentences summarize why this person was important to the Civil War: |

Union General

That brought the south to its knees by attacking civilians that supported the war effort.

Total War Was….

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses people can pour out.”

—William Tecumseh Sherman Letter to the city of Atlanta, 1864

My Dearest President:

“I beg to present you as a Christmas gift: City of Savannah

one hundred fifty guns, plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton”.

General W. T. Sherman

My Dear General Sherman,

Many, Many thanks for your Christmas gift—the capture of Savannah. When you were about leaving Atlanta for the Atlantic coast, I was anxious, if not fearful; but feeling that you were the better judge, and remembering that “nothing risked, nothing gained,” I did not interfere.

Now, the undertaking being a success, the honor is all yours; for I believe none of us went further than to acquiesce. And taking the work of Gen. Thomas into the count, as it should be taken, it is indeed a great success. Not only does it afford the obvious and immediate military advantages; but, in showing to the world that your army could be divided, putting the stronger part to an important new service, and yet leaving enough to vanquish the old opposing force of the whole—Hood’s army—it brings those who sat in darkness to see a great light. But what next? I suppose it will be safe if I leave Gen. Grant and your-self to decide. Please make my grateful acknowledgments to your whole army—officers and men.

Yours very truly

A. Lincoln

Station Eight

May 1863

January 1, 1863

September 17, 1862

April 12, 1861

February 4, 1861

Station Eight

November 16, 1864

September 1863

July 1, 1863

April 9, 1865

December 21, 1864

Union General

That brought the south to its knees by attacking civilians that supported the war effort.

Villain to the South

Hero to the North

“You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses people can pour out.”

—William Tecumseh Sherman Letter to the city of Atlanta, 1864

Directions: As you watch the video, you must be able to see both sides of “Sherman’s March to the Sea”. He was a villain to the south and at the same time a hero to the north. Write a description of Sherman from both perspectives. Your description should be at least 8 sentences in length for EACH description. Use details from the video to include in your summary description

William T. Sherman

Reflection of the Video:

During the Video you saw the steps that Sherman took in his total war plan. Imagine that you were Sherman, using the map as a guide write four telegrams that report to Grant the events taking place during Sherman’s March to the Sea

Telegram #1 November 23, 1863

Telegram #2 June 27, 1864

Telegram #3 September 2, 1864

Telegram #4 December 21, 1864

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