Literacy Tools



QUIZ 1Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsEducators who believe that learning is the result of stimulus and response actions subscribeto a theory known as:Answer Correct Answer:behaviorismQuestion 2 1 out of 1 pointsWendy’s mother taught her to knit and crochet and she knew many stitches. Because she hada great deal of experience, Wendy could now learn new stitches easily in a process of:Answer Correct Answer:assimilationQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsTen year old Julie usually enjoyed reading books in the Magic Tree House series. Today,however, the teacher required Julie to complete a worksheet as she read. To complete theworksheet, Julie was forced to read:Answer Correct Answer:efferentlyQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsJason could not read the Harry Potter books independently but his reading tutor found that hecould easily discuss and enjoy these books if she helped him with the more difficultvocabulary and guided his comprehension. For Jason, the task of reading the Harry Potterbooks was:Answer Correct Answer:within the zone of proximal developmentQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsIn the English language, there are approximately:Answer Correct Answer:44 speech soundsQuestion 6 0 out of 1 pointsThe word bookcases contains:Answer Correct Answer:three morphemesQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsWhen he rides the schoolbus, Tommy engages in casual conversation with his friends. Heuses more formal language when he gives oral reports in the classroom. Tommy’s ability touse appropriate language in each situation shows his understanding of the:Answer Correct Answer:pragmatic systemQuestion 8 1 out of 1 pointsSix year old Carmen is learning to speak English and often makes statements such as “I havea pen blue” instead of “I have a blue pen”. That type of error shows that Carmen is havingdifficulty with the:Answer Correct Answer:syntactic systemQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsShared writing differs from modeling because in shared writing:Answer Correct Answer:students contribute to the writing activityQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsTexts used for guided reading instruction should be written at the students’:Answer Correct Answer:instructional levelQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsDuring guided reading instruction, students usually work in:Answer Correct Answer:homogeneous ability groupsQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsCommercially produced reading programs which typically include a student’s textbook,accompanying workbook, supplemental instructional materials, and teacher’s guide areknown as:Answer Correct Answer:basal reading programsQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsAs a new sixth grade teacher was selecting books for his classroom library, an experiencedteacher correctly advised him that students within a typical classroom:Answer Correct Answer:read at a wide range of levelsQuestion 14 0 out of 1 pointsSchools are designing family literacy programs for parents who are not fluent readers andwriters and for those who are learning English as an additional language. Family literacyprograms in which cultural differences in reading and writing development are regarded asstrengths rather than weaknesses reflect the:Answer Correct Answer:wealth modelQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsTheorists such as Piaget explained that students’ knowledge is organized into cognitivestructures or files in mental filing cabinets known as:Answer Correct Answer:schemataQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsTheorists such as Louise Rosenblatt have explained that students don’t try to figure out theauthor’s meaning as they read; instead, they negotiate a meaning that makes sense to thembased on the words they are reading and their existing knowledge. The work of thesetheorists reflects:Answer Correct Answer:reader response theoryQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsJohn McFadden has just graduated from college and will begin his first year as a teacher inSeptember. Experienced educators have correctly told him that teachers experience the mostsuccess when they:Answer Correct Answer:take the first 2 weeks of the school year to establish the classroom communityQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsStudents usually feel comfortable, safe, and more willing to take risks when:Answer Correct Answer:the classroom environment is predictable with familiar routinesQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsTeachers can serve as a model of fluent reading by:Answer Correct Answer:reading aloud to studentsQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsAfter a visit to the zoo, first grade teacher Kate Sutton helped her students write about theirexperiences on large chart paper. The teacher wrote some words and the students took turnsadding words which they could write. This teacher and her students used a practice knownas:Answer Correct Answer:Sharing the PenQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsThird grade teacher Gene Brady noticed that his students had difficulty using comprehensionstrategies. Of the following, the most effective way for this teacher to help his studentswould be to:Answer Correct Answer:provide minilessons and model comprehension strategiesQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsWhen a class is engaged in a literature focus unit:Answer Correct Answer:every student reads the same bookQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsStudents usually have more opportunities to work independently, select their readingmaterial, set personal schedules, and collaborate with classmates when they participate in:Answer Correct Answer:reading workshopQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsEffective teachers use formal and informal assessment measures primarily to:Answer Correct Answer:modify their instruction and reteach when necessaryQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsA balanced literacy program integrating components such as reading, writing, oral language,and content-area study is recommended for:Answer Correct Answer:all studentsQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsDuring a meeting with parents, first grade teacher Ryan Catania explained that theliteracy program would not be based solely on phonics instruction. Why do manyeducators feel that phonics is not a complete literacy program?Answer Correct Answer: Phonics, which describes the phoneme-grapheme correspondences and related spelling rules, isan important part of reading instruction. Students use phonics to decode words but it isn’t acomplete reading program because many common words can’t be decoded easily. English is nota purely phonetic language because there are 26 letters and 44 sounds and many ways tocombine the letters to spell the sounds. Reading is more than just decoding and consequentlymany more components are needed to create a complete program of literacy instruction.Question 27 1 out of 1 pointsTeachers use informal assessment tools to monitor daily progress. List three types ofinformal assessment tools that an elementary classroom teacher could use.Answer Correct Answer: Informal assessment tools used by elementary teachers include: Observation of students as they participate in instructional activities Running records of students’ oral reading to analyze their ability to solve readingproblems Examination of students’ work Conferences to talk with students about their reading and writing Checklists to monitor students’ learning Rubrics to assess students’ writingQuestion 28 1 out of 1 pointsA fifth grade teacher would like to begin using Literature Circles in her classroom. Listthe steps the teacher should take to organize Literature Circles.Answer Correct Answer: When using Literature Circles, teachers should:1) Select five or six books at varying reading levels to meet the needs of all students in theclass.2) Give a book talk to motivate the students and to introduce the books.3) Provide time for each student to select the book which he/she would like to read.4) Help students form literature circles.5) Help students plan a reading and response schedule.6) Provide time for the literature circles to meet.QUIZ 2Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsThe second grade class read a book about games usually played at children’s birthday parties.Juan, who had recently moved to the United States, became very confused and asked whyanyone would pin a tale on a donkey. The teacher then realized that Juan would havedifficulty reading the birthday text primarily because he lacked the necessary:AnswerCorrect Answer:background knowledgeQuestion 2 1 out of 1 pointsWhen children participate in literature circles:AnswerCorrect Answer:students set their own purposes for readingQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsDuring guided reading, students should read books at their:AnswerCorrect Answer:instructional levelQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsShared reading differs from reading aloud to students primarily because during sharedreading:AnswerCorrect Answer:students see the text as the teacher reads aloudQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsThe primary purpose of a Grand Conversation is to:AnswerCorrect Answer:clarify and deepen students’ understanding of a textQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsSix year old Danny proudly read a list of words with no hesitation. Danny’s automaticresponse indicated that in this situation, he was most likely using a:AnswerCorrect Answer:decoding skillQuestion 7 0 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the best way for teachers to help their students understand and usecomprehension strategies is for the teacher to:AnswerCorrect Answer:model comprehension strategies as they read aloud to the classQuestion 8 1 out of 1 pointsNew teacher Tara Holds attended a workshop on the Writing Process in which she wascorrectly told that:AnswerCorrect Answer:the process involves recurring cyclesQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsWhen engaged in the writing process, students focus upon mechanics such as capitalization,punctuation, and spelling when they reach the:AnswerCorrect Answer:editing stageQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the best way to assess the quality of students’ writing is to use a:AnswerCorrect Answer:rubricQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsThird grade teacher Eileen Baker relies upon research findings to guide her instruction.Research suggests that students’ reading and writing ability shows the most improvementwhen:AnswerCorrect Answer:reading and writing instruction are integratedQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsA second grade student wrote a paragraph in which she varied the length of her sentences toexpress action. Her classmates applauded the flow of her writing when she read the storyaloud. The work of this young writer showed that she:AnswerCorrect Answer:has developed sentence fluencyQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsEvery day first grade teacher Mary Tomlin works with a small group of students who arereading at the same level. She selects a book at their instructional level and helps thechildren apply strategies as they read. This teacher is using the instructional techniqueknown as:AnswerCorrect Answer:guided readingQuestion 14 1 out of 1 pointsSixth grade teacher Kate Kane finds that the struggling readers in her class don’t understandthe ways in which more capable readers apply reading strategies. The principal wiselyadvised that the best way to help the students become more thoughtful, strategic readerswould be for the teacher to:AnswerCorrect Answer:use a think-aloud to demonstrate the thought processes that more capable readers useQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsProblem-solving tactics that students apply as they read are known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:strategiesQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsWhen her students are engaged in the prewriting stage, fifth grade teacher Betty McIntyreencourages them to draw because drawing often:AnswerCorrect Answer:helps students organize their ideasQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsIt is most appropriate for students to seek and receive feedback on their writing during the:AnswerCorrect Answer:revising stageQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsProofreading should be taught:AnswerCorrect Answer:as early as first gradeQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsTo help students focus upon particular types of errors in their writing, many teachers provide:AnswerCorrect Answer:editing checklistsQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsStudents most often set their own purposes for reading when they are given time for:AnswerCorrect Answer:independent readingQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsThe most authentic type of reading is:AnswerCorrect Answer:independent readingQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsDuring shared reading, children should:AnswerCorrect Answer:be invited to join in the reading of predictable refrains and rhyming wordsQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the best way to help students understand a comprehension strategy wouldbe to:AnswerCorrect Answer:teach a minilesson on strategy useQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students engage in grand conversations, the teacher should:AnswerCorrect Answer:act as a participant rather than the leaderQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsDuring periods of shared reading, teachers should:AnswerCorrect Answer:encourage students to join in the reading when they feel comfortableQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsAlthough the teacher felt that Susan would enjoy discussing the novel, Esperanza Rising,with her classmates, the student was not able to read that chapter book independently.What steps could the teacher take to enable Susan to enjoy this novel with herclassmates?AnswerCorrect Answer:The teacher could suggest that Susan and another classmate engage in Buddy Reading. Buddyreading is an enjoyable social activity that enables students to discuss books that they may not beable to read independently. Buddy reading is a good alternative to independent reading, and byworking together, students are often able to figure out unfamiliar words and confusing situations.Question 27 1 out of 1 pointsWhen a parent asked why the teacher conducted daily read alouds in a fourth gradeclassroom, the principal responded that reading aloud is beneficial for students of allages. What are the benefits of reading aloud to older students?AnswerCorrect Answer:Read-alouds are an important component of literacy instruction at all grade levels, not just foryoung children who can’t read many books on their own. There are many benefits of readingaloud: introducing vocabulary, modeling comprehension strategies, and increasing students’motivation. As they read aloud, teachers engage students in activities rather than postponingstudent-involvement until after reading. When teachers read aloud, they model what goodreaders do and how good readers use reading strategies.Question 28 1 out of 1 pointsA group of second grade students have been engaged in the writing process and they havereached the publishing stage. List three ways in which students could share their writingwith a larger audience.AnswerCorrect Answer:Students can share their writing by: Making books Constructing mobiles Reading aloud to classmates, family members, and members of the community Making an audiotape for the school or community library Contributing to a class anthology Submitting to a newspaper Displaying their writing in community areas such as a library, municipal hall orrecreation centerQUIZ 3Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsHow might teachers assess students' phonemic awareness?AnswerCorrect Answer:Teachers monitor students' learning as they participate in phonemic awareness activities in the classroomQuestion 2 0 out of 1 pointsIn K-2, teachers regularly evaluate all but which of the following?AnswerCorrect Answer:letter formationQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhen teachers use average numbers of syllables per 100 words to figure out the reading level of a text, they are most likely usingAnswerCorrect Answer:the Fry Readability FormulaQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is not a criteria used for leveling books according to the Fountas and Pinnell method?AnswerCorrect Answer:word countQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsAn approach to matching students' reading levels to appropriate book levels is done by administering the Scholastic Reading Inventory-a computerized reading test. What is this method called?AnswerCorrect Answer:Lexile FrameworkQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following are two effective comprehension informal reading assessments?AnswerCorrect Answer:story retelling and cloze procedureQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsRubrics are used to assess students'AnswerCorrect Answer:writing.Question 8 1 out of 1 pointsTeachers monitor students' progress on a daily basis in all but which of the following ways?AnswerCorrect Answer:All of these are part of an effective monitoring system.Question 9 0 out of 1 pointsThe purpose of assessment isAnswerCorrect Answer:to inform and influence instruction.Question 10 1 out of 1 pointsRunning records assessAnswerCorrect Answer:fluency and word identification.Question 11 1 out of 1 pointsWho developed the CAP (Concepts About Print) test?AnswerCorrect Answer:Marie ClayQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsWhich items are assessed in a CAP text?AnswerCorrect Answer:book-orientation, directionality, and letter and word conceptsQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsWhat kind of conference occurs when a student and teacher discuss possible writing topics?AnswerCorrect Answer:prewritingQuestion 14 0 out of 1 pointsMs. Nethaway listens to a student read aloud. The student is fairly fluent. However, during an informal reading inventory, Ms. Nethaway notes that the student demonstrates syntactic errors. Ms. Nethaway realizes that this student will likely have problemsAnswerCorrect Answer:comprehending.Question 15 1 out of 1 pointsMiss Warbington takes observational notes and keeps checklists of what her students say during grand and instructional conversations. She knows that this information can help her assess her students'AnswerCorrect Answer:comprehension.Question 16 1 out of 1 pointsMr. Oppenheim writes brief notes as he observes his sixth-grade students. He describes specific events and notes the questions students ask and the strategies and skills they are applying. This type of assessment is calledAnswerCorrect Answer:anecdotal notesQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a useful guideline for assessment?AnswerCorrect Answer:Pick one type of assessment and stick with it.Question 18 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT an effective assessment tool for EL students?AnswerCorrect Answer:vocabulary testsQuestion 19 1 out of 1 points1. Running records are considered to be an authentic assessment because:AnswerCorrect Answer:they use a student’s normal reading materialsd) Question 20 1 out of 1 points1. The Concepts About Print Test (CAP Test) was developed by:AnswerCorrect Answer:Marie Clayc) Question 21 1 out of 1 points1. Traditional readability formulas usually determine the difficulty of a text based on:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) word and sentence lengthb) Question 22 1 out of 1 points1. A second grade teacher keeps folders with samples of her students’ writing and tapes of their oral reading. This teacher is developing:AnswerCorrect Answer:portfoliosd) Question 23 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the best way to determine a student’s comprehension level is a(n):AnswerCorrect Answer:informal reading inventoryc) Question 24 1 out of 1 points1. Textbooks and trade books used in class with teacher guidance should be written at a student’s:AnswerCorrect Answer:instructional levelc) Question 25 1 out of 1 points1. Six-year-old George read a page orally as his teacher listened and made check marks to indicate the words he read correctly. George’s teacher was conducting a:AnswerCorrect Answer:running recordQuestion 26 1 out of 1 points1. Teachers often assess students’ comprehension by asking students to repeat a story in their own words. This technique is known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:retellingQuestion 27 1 out of 1 points1. Running records are best used to assess students’:AnswerCorrect Answer:reading fluencyQuestion 28 1 out of 1 points1. Students reflect on their progress in reading and writing by using:AnswerCorrect Answer:portfoliosQuestion 29 1 out of 1 points1. A kindergarten student has enrolled in a new school in the middle of the academic year. Her behavior during read aloud sessions and independent reading periods suggests that she has had very little experience with books. Which of the following would be the most appropriate measure to determine this student’s understanding and experience with books?AnswerCorrect Answer:Concepts About Print Test (CAP)d) Question 30 1 out of 1 points1. Students often make many errors as they read aloud. The most serious errors are the errors that:AnswerCorrect Answer:interfere with meaningQuestion 31 1 out of 1 points1. To test his students’ comprehension, a fourth grade teacher photocopied a selection from the basal reader and deleted every 5th word from the passage. He then asked his students to read the passage aloud to determine their ability to supply appropriate words for the blanks. This technique is known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:clozec) Question 32 1 out of 1 points1. The Motivation to Read Profile and the Reader Self-Perception Scale are two instruments that enable teachers to measure a student’s:AnswerCorrect Answer:attitude toward readingQuestion 33 1 out of 1 pointsMost teachers are required to assign grades for report cards. Grades should be used to:AnswerCorrect Answer:encourage studentsc) Question 34 1 out of 1 points1. Unit assignment sheets help students:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) understand expectationsb) Question 35 1 out of 1 points1. Phonics instruction is usually:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) completed in the primary gradesb) Question 36 1 out of 1 points1. Ten-year-old Nicole selected books to enjoy during her summer vacation at the beach. Books for recreational reading should be written at a child’s:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) independent levelb) Question 37 1 out of 1 points1. Teachers gain the most useful diagnostic information by:AnswerCorrect Answer:listening to individual students readQuestion 38 1 out of 1 points1. Students who read fluently are better able to comprehend what they read primarily because:AnswerCorrect Answer:they have more mental energy to focus on what they are readingc) Question 39 1 out of 1 points1. An informal reading inventory usually consists of:AnswerCorrect Answer:graded word lists, graded passages, and comprehension questionsQuestion 40 1 out of 1 points1. Teachers take running records and categorize miscues according to:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) semantic, graphophonic, and syntactic cuesQUIZ 4Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsThe concept of literacy incorporates all but which of the following ideas?AnswerCorrect Answer:children's readiness levelQuestion 2 1 out of 1 pointsChildren learn concepts of print byAnswerCorrect Answer:bothQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhen children recognize the golden arches of "McDonald's" and they say "McDonald's," they are becoming aware ofAnswerCorrect Answer:environmental print.Question 4 1 out of 1 pointsDuring which stage of literacy development do young children read with expression and prefer to read silently?AnswerCorrect Answer:fluentQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a benefit of morning messages?AnswerCorrect Answer:Children become fluent readers.Question 6 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following happens during the beginning reading and writing stage?AnswerCorrect Answer:Students make reasonable predictions.Question 7 1 out of 1 pointsSecond-grade students are usually in what phase of reading and writing?AnswerCorrect Answer:beginningQuestion 8 0 out of 1 pointsTeachers use shared writing to take students' words and experiences to create and read text. This is calledAnswerCorrect Answer:language experience approachQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsYour principal asks why you have included a play area that looks like a store in your room. You tell her that playing in that center allows children toAnswerCorrect Answer:rehearse uses of reading and writing as they act out familiar events.Question 10 1 out of 1 pointsA parent of an infant asks you how to best prepare his child to learn to read. You recommend heAnswerCorrect Answer:sing and play rhyming games with his child.Question 11 1 out of 1 pointsAccording to research, which of the following is the single most important home-based activity for preschool children in building the knowledge required for children's eventual success in reading?AnswerCorrect Answer:parents' reading aloud to childrenQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsYoung children are literacy learners with all but which of the following characteristics?AnswerCorrect Answer:Young children do not learn to read until they enter school.Question 13 1 out of 1 pointsStudents at which stage of development usually participate in literature circles?AnswerCorrect Answer:fluentQuestion 14 0 out of 1 pointsA kindergarten teacher provides opportunities for her students to exchange messages with classmates, to draw and write in journals, to write to parents, and to read and write stories. She is helping students gain an understanding ofAnswerCorrect Answer:concepts of print.Question 15 1 out of 1 pointsMiss Gould talks to her first graders about how letters represent sounds and how letters combine to spell words. She asks students to write capital and lowercase letters. She is helping her students learnAnswerCorrect Answer:alphabetic principles.Question 16 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following are examples of literacy play centers?AnswerCorrect Answer:restroomQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following are useful routines for teaching the letters of the alphabet?AnswerCorrect Answer:paper and pencilQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a type of predictable book?AnswerCorrect Answer:poetryQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsThe 3 stages of literacy learning are:AnswerCorrect Answer:emergent, beginning, fluentQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsAs she rides on the bus with her parents, four-year-old Lindsey proudly reads aloud the names of her favorite fast food restaurants and toy stores. This act shows that Lindsey is developing an awareness of:AnswerCorrect Answer:environmental printQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsThe goal for most educators is to help all students become fluent readers and writers by:AnswerCorrect Answer:the end of third gradeQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsMrs. Siddel’s students love to read their favorite book, The Big Race, with their teacher because on every page they can join in reading the phrase, “I can run, run, run as fast as your son.” This is an example of:AnswerCorrect Answer:predictable textQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsThe term emergent literacy is most closely associated with:AnswerCorrect Answer:Marie ClayQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsEvery day, kindergarten teacher Doris Flack models the formation of manuscript letters on the chalkboard. She does this because:AnswerCorrect Answer:moving models are more effective than still modelsQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsResearchers believe that when children become fluent readers their comprehension improves primarily because:AnswerCorrect Answer:they recognize more words automatically and have greater cognitive energy available for comprehensionQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsWhen planning a shared reading lesson, teachers most often select books that:AnswerCorrect Answer:are at the children’s interest level but too difficult for independent readingQuestion 27 1 out of 1 pointsFive year-old Natalie wrote, “The littel babe bird sid helo.” Natalie’s sentence contained examples of:AnswerCorrect Answer:invented spellingsQuestion 28 1 out of 1 pointsAn instructional practice in which student's dictate sentences to the teacher is:AnswerCorrect Answer:Language Experience ApproachQuestion 29 1 out of 1 pointsFirst grade teacher David Scott put an enlarged picture book on an easel and pointed to each word as he read aloud to his students. Mr. Scott was using:AnswerCorrect Answer:a big bookQuestion 30 1 out of 1 pointsChildren and their teacher create a text together and “share the pen” as they write the text on chart paper when they are engaged in:AnswerCorrect Answer:interactive writingQuestion 31 1 out of 1 pointsYoung children often dictate sentences for their teachers to write on chart paper. When transcribing a young child’s sentences, reading theorists advise teachers to:AnswerCorrect Answer:keep editing to a minimum to validate the child’s languageQuestion 32 1 out of 1 points1. Researchers now believe that:AnswerCorrect Answer:children’s reading and writing abilities develop concurrentlyQuestion 33 1 out of 1 points1. Literacy teachers place their instructional emphasis on decoding and recognizing words when students are in the:AnswerCorrect Answer:beginning stage of reading and writingc) Question 34 1 out of 1 pointsFluent readers usually have a reading rate of :AnswerCorrect Answer:100 words or more per minuteQuestion 35 1 out of 1 points1. During the emergent stage of literacy acquisition, children usually:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) acquire concepts about printb) Question 36 1 out of 1 points1. Researchers have found that young emergent readers:AnswerCorrect Answer:depend on context to read familiar wordsQuestion 37 1 out of 1 points1. It is most effective for educators to begin teaching letters of the alphabet by using:AnswerCorrect Answer:children’s own names and environmental printd) Question 38 1 out of 1 pointsA good predictor of future reading success is the ability to:AnswerCorrect Answer:identify letters of the alphabetQuestion 39 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the strongest reason for engaging young children in shared reading experiences is to help them develop:AnswerCorrect Answer:concepts about wordsQuestion 40 1 out of 1 pointsChildren first gain an understanding of the communicative purpose of print during the:AnswerCorrect Answer:emergent stageQuestion 41 1 out of 1 pointsFirst grade teacher Mary Kay would like to explain her program of traveling bags of books to her students’ parents. The most effective way to explain the program to parents would be to:AnswerCorrect Answer:explain the program at a parent-teacher meetingQUIZ 5Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsWhen children are able to convert letters into sounds and blend them to recognize words, this is calledAnswerCorrect Answer:phonics.Question 2 1 out of 1 pointsA phoneme isAnswerCorrect Answer:the smallest unit of speech.Question 3 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following are appropriate criteria for phonemic awareness instruction?AnswerCorrect Answer:They should occur once each week.Question 4 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following are reasons why similar sounds have different spellings?AnswerCorrect Answer:Graphemes have various rules and generalizations.Question 5 1 out of 1 pointsStudents learn long-vowel spelling patterns, r-controlled vowels, and diphthongs and other less common vowel patterns in which stage of spelling development?AnswerCorrect Answer:within-wordQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsEffective teachers teach children to use phonics generalizationsAnswerCorrect Answer:selectively, to help them remember some spelling patterns.Question 7 1 out of 1 pointsMeaningful phonics instructionAnswerCorrect Answer:All of the above are true.Question 8 1 out of 1 pointsA complete spelling programAnswerCorrect Answer:teaches spelling strategies.Question 9 1 out of 1 pointsStudents explore, compare, and contrast word features with a set of words the teacher has prepared. The students are engaged in aAnswerCorrect Answer:word sort.Question 10 1 out of 1 pointsWhen children learn to recognize the "odd" word in a set of three words, the child isAnswerCorrect Answer:categorizing sounds in words.Question 11 1 out of 1 pointsHow do children learn the alphabetic code?AnswerCorrect Answer:by learning phonemes, graphemes, and graphophonemic relationshipsQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsComponents of phonemic awareness include all but which of the following?AnswerCorrect Answer:Children write the sounds they hear.Question 13 1 out of 1 pointsWhen young children blend sounds together in order to combine them to form a word, they are engaged inAnswerCorrect Answer:sound-blending activities.Question 14 1 out of 1 pointsElkonin boxes can be used in all but which of the following ways?AnswerCorrect Answer:practicing manuscript writingQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsMr. Morrow helps his first grade EL students see that the letter 'a' can be pronounced differently by showing them the words apron, at, want, laugh, chalk, play, what, game, chart, saw, and peach. He does this because he knows thatAnswerCorrect Answer:vowel sounds are difficult for students acquiring English.Question 16 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following is an one of the 37 most common rimes?AnswerCorrect Answer:iltQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following is one of the most useful phonics generalizations?AnswerCorrect Answer:Q is always followed by uQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsResearchers have found that, of the following, the most powerful predictor of later reading achievement is:AnswerCorrect Answer:phonemic awarenessQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsEach second grade student was given 15 word cards and 2 envelopes. The children were told to place all of the words with the long a sound in one envelope and all of the words with the short a sound in another envelope. These children were participating in a:AnswerCorrect Answer:word sorts activityQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsThe term used to describe the smallest units of speech is:AnswerCorrect Answer:phonemeQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsWhen young children begin to write, they often create unique spellings called:AnswerCorrect Answer:invented spellingsQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsIn the word slate, the rime is:AnswerCorrect Answer:ateQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsFor most students, phonics instruction should be completed by the end of:AnswerCorrect Answer:third gradeQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsIn the English language there are approximately:AnswerCorrect Answer:44 phonemesQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsA first grade teacher showed his students a picture and then he drew a row of boxes. He explained that each box represented one sound in the name of the picture. The teacher moved a marker into each box as he pronounced the name of the picture. In this lesson, the teacher was using:AnswerCorrect Answer:Elkonin boxesQuestion 26 1 out of 1 points1. Every morning a group of kindergarten students participate in a phonemic awareness activity in which they isolate and draw out the beginning sounds in words. The children enjoy exaggerating the initial sounds in their own names and other familiar words. This is an example of a:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) segmenting activityb) Question 27 1 out of 1 points10. The term used to describe the spelling patterns of written language is:AnswerCorrect Answer:orthographyQuestion 28 1 out of 1 points10. Although phonemic awareness has many components, the two most important components are: AnswerCorrect Answer:blending and segmentingc) Question 29 1 out of 1 points10. When attempting to decode words, struggling readers usually have the most difficulty with:AnswerCorrect Answer:vowelsc) Question 30 1 out of 1 points10. Of the following, the most appropriate technique to help students who are English Learners (EL) develop phonemic awareness is:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) Elkonin boxesb) Question 31 1 out of 1 points10. Phonemic awareness is best taught:AnswerCorrect Answer:in the context of authentic literacy activitiesc) Question 32 1 out of 1 points10. The word slipper contains an example of a:AnswerCorrect Answer:consonant blendQuestion 33 1 out of 1 points10. When teaching phonics generalizations, teachers should be aware that:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) only a few generalizations have a high degree of usefulness for readersb) Question 34 1 out of 1 points10. Researchers suggest that the ratio of instructional time spent on real reading and writing to time spent on phonics instruction should be:AnswerCorrect Answer:3 to 1c) Question 35 1 out of 1 points10. An example of a word that follows the CVCe generalization is:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) cakeb) Question 36 1 out of 1 points10. In the word think, the onset is:AnswerCorrect Answer:thd) Question 37 1 out of 1 points10. The alphabetic principle refers to the understanding that:AnswerCorrect Answer:a link exists between letters and soundsQuestion 38 1 out of 1 points10. Phonemes are represented in written language as:AnswerCorrect Answer:GraphemesQuestion 39 1 out of 1 points10. Phonemic awareness instruction should be:AnswerCorrect Answer:planned and purposefuld) Question 40 1 out of 1 points10. A term that refers to the origin of words is:AnswerCorrect Answer:etymologyc) Question 41 1 out of 1 points10. Which of the following is an example of a word family:AnswerCorrect Answer:run, fun, sunc) Question 42 1 out of 1 pointsA term that is used to explain the relationships between phonemes and graphemes is:AnswerCorrect Answer:phonicsd) QUIZ 6Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsFluency isAnswerSelected Answer:the ability to read quickly and with expression.Correct Answer:the ability to read quickly and with expression.Question 2 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students break multisyllabic words into syllables and then use phonics and analogies to decode an unknown word, they are using which word-identification strategy?AnswerSelected Answer:syllable analysisCorrect Answer:syllable analysisQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsBy third grade, only a few students will not read fluently. All but which of the following is a characteristic of a nonfluent student?AnswerSelected Answer:They read with expressionCorrect Answer:They read with expressionQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a component of reading fluency?AnswerSelected Answer:retellingCorrect Answer:retellingQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsChunking is a strategy designed to help childrenAnswerSelected Answer:read with expression.Correct Answer:read with expression.Question 6 0 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following will support fifth-grade readers who do not read fluently?AnswerSelected Answer:Teach them the 300 most common high-frequency wordsCorrect Answer:Let them listen to texts on audio tapes.Question 7 1 out of 1 pointsStudents write rapidly and without stopping as they explore an idea. This is calledAnswerSelected Answer:quickwriting.Correct Answer:quickwriting.Question 8 1 out of 1 pointsMs. Williams used which center as a place for students to use magnetic letters to spell high-frequency words?AnswerSelected Answer:word workCorrect Answer:word workQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is not one of the 24 words that kindergartners need to recognize?AnswerSelected Answer:whereCorrect Answer:whereQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsThe syllabication rule that states "when there are more than two consonants together in a word, divide syllables keeping the blends together" helps children decode which word?AnswerSelected Answer:monsterCorrect Answer:monsterQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsWhich word identification strategy is best for most fifth-grade students?AnswerSelected Answer:syllabic analysisCorrect Answer:syllabic analysisQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsMost children are usually fluent readers by which grade?AnswerSelected Answer:3rdCorrect Answer:3rdQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsWhen Ms. Jones asks her sixth-grade students to read independently for longer periods of time each day, she is helping them developAnswerSelected Answer:reading staminaCorrect Answer:reading staminaQuestion 14 1 out of 1 pointsThe biggest benefit for asking students to reread is so they willAnswerSelected Answer:increase their reading speeds.Correct Answer:increase their reading speeds.Question 15 0 out of 1 pointsMiss Barton asks her second-grade students to learn five high frequency words each week. She does this because she knows thatAnswerSelected Answer:All of the above are true.Correct Answer:high frequency words are not phonetically regular and cannot be sounded out.Question 16 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following is a Greek prefix?AnswerSelected Answer:quad-Correct Answer:quad-Question 17 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following words can be decoded by using the same syllabication rule?AnswerSelected Answer:quietCorrect Answer:quietQuestion 18 1 out of 1 points1. The primary reason fluent readers are usually more successful than less fluent readers is that fluent readers:AnswerSelected Answer:have more cognitive resources available for comprehensiond) Correct Answer:have more cognitive resources available for comprehensiond) Question 19 1 out of 1 points1. Researchers have found that the best way to improve students’ reading speed is to use:AnswerSelected Answer:a) repeated readingsb) Correct Answer:a) repeated readingsb) Question 20 1 out of 1 points1. In the word rewrite, re is an example of a:AnswerSelected Answer:bound morphemec) Correct Answer:bound morphemec) Question 21 1 out of 1 points1. The ability to quickly recognize words and know how to spell basic words is referred to as:AnswerSelected Answer:a) Automaticityb) Correct Answer:a) Automaticityb) Question 22 1 out of 1 points1. Six-year-old Gloria was able to read the new word den because she compared it to the word pen that she already knew. Gloria used the word identification strategy of:AnswerSelected Answer:analogyCorrect Answer:analogyQuestion 23 1 out of 1 points1. It is helpful for students to understand syllabication and syllable boundaries because:AnswerSelected Answer:syllable boundaries affect the pronunciation of vowel soundsc) Correct Answer:syllable boundaries affect the pronunciation of vowel soundsc) Question 24 1 out of 1 points1. Bound morphemes that are added to words and root words are:AnswerSelected Answer:affixesc) Correct Answer:affixesc) Question 25 1 out of 1 points1. The ability to read quickly and with expression is:AnswerSelected Answer:a) fluencyb) Correct Answer:a) fluencyb) Question 26 1 out of 1 points1. When students break words into root words and affixes, they are participating in:AnswerSelected Answer:a) morphemic analysisb) Correct Answer:a) morphemic analysisb) Question 27 1 out of 1 points1. Students must develop a large stock of words that they recognize instantly. These words are called:AnswerSelected Answers:sight wordsCorrect Answers:sight wordsQuestion 28 1 out of 1 points1. A term that refers to a root word is:AnswerSelected Answer:morphemed) Correct Answer:morphemed) Question 29 1 out of 1 points1. The strength to read silently for increasingly longer periods of time is referred to as:AnswerSelected Answer:a) reading staminab) Correct Answer:a) reading staminab) Question 30 1 out of 1 points1. After watching a film abut horses, ten-year-old Ryan quickly began writing. He explored ideas without stopping. Ryan was doing a:AnswerSelected Answer:quickwrited) Correct Answer:quickwrited) Question 31 1 out of 1 points1. When asked to read orally, eight-year-old Nicole reads with expression in a manner that approximates talking. This behavior indicates that Nicole has achieved:AnswerSelected Answer:prosodyCorrect Answer:prosodyQuestion 32 1 out of 1 points1. A group of fourth grade students has been asked to read a chapter in a science textbook. When reading a content-area textbook, students should focus primarily on:AnswerSelected Answer:remembering main ideasCorrect Answer:remembering main ideasQuestion 33 1 out of 1 pointsA first grade teacher displays high-frequency words on a bulletin board in his classroom. Each week he adds new words. This teacher has created:AnswerSelected Answer:a word wallCorrect Answer:a word wallQuestion 34 1 out of 1 pointsA group of words such as fish, dish, wish, constitutes:AnswerSelected Answer:a word familyCorrect Answer:a word familyQuestion 35 1 out of 1 pointsThe two types of suffixes are:AnswerSelected Answer:inflectional and derivationalCorrect Answer:inflectional and derivationalQuestion 36 1 out of 1 pointsAn effective way to help students become fluent writers is to encourage the students to:AnswerSelected Answer:write sentences to express their ideasCorrect Answer:write sentences to express their ideasQuestion 37 0 out of 1 pointsWhen implementing fluency-building activities, teachers should help children select books that are written:AnswerSelected Answer:their grade levelCorrect Answer:just below their instructional levelQuestion 38 1 out of 1 pointsA child’s reading rate is significant primarily because:AnswerSelected Answer:children must read quickly enough to understand what they are readingCorrect Answer:children must read quickly enough to understand what they are readingQuestion 39 1 out of 1 pointsA reading instructional technique that is a form of assisted practice is:AnswerSelected Answer:readers theatreCorrect Answer:readers theatreQuestion 40 1 out of 1 pointsTo become a fluent reader, a student must:AnswerSelected Answer:automatically recognize high-frequency wordsCorrect Answer:automatically recognize high-frequency wordsQUIZ 7Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsChildren best learn vocabulary byAnswerCorrect Answer:being immersed in words.Question 2 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is not a level of word knowledge?AnswerCorrect Answer:new wordQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students have a concept related to a word but are not familiar with the word, either in oral or written form, they are in which situation for unfamiliar words?AnswerCorrect Answer:new wordQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsIncidental word learning happens through independent reading and which instructional models?AnswerCorrect Answer:reading workshop and literature circlesQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a word-learning strategy?AnswerCorrect Answer:Make up a plausible meaning.Question 6 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following is a characteristic of effective vocabulary instruction?AnswerCorrect Answer:testingQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is a component of word study?AnswerCorrect Answer:synonymsQuestion 8 1 out of 1 pointsThe phrase "in hot water," when it refers to someone who is in trouble, is an example of a(n)AnswerCorrect Answer:idiom.Question 9 1 out of 1 pointsStudents choose a word from the word wall and then identify three or four words to sequence before or after the word. This is called aAnswerCorrect Answer:word chain.Question 10 1 out of 1 pointsWhen a reader thinks about the rest of the sentence to understand an unknown word, they are using what kind of context clues?AnswerCorrect Answer:logicQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsAccording to research, effective vocabulary instruction integrates new information with the familiar. Students are most likely to achieve that integration byAnswerCorrect Answer:developing a semantic mapQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsSyntactic clues can be a useful strategy to identify an unfamiliar word in context because these cuesAnswerCorrect Answer:use the structure of language to provide meaningQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsAll but which of the following is an example of a word study strategy?AnswerCorrect Answer:repetitionQuestion 14 1 out of 1 pointsA student knows that omni means "all" and that vorous means "to swallow up." She therefore can determine that omnivorous means animals that eat both meat and plants. She is applying what word study strategy?AnswerCorrect Answer:morphemic analysisQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsIn the sentence, "People who are terrified of spiders have arachnophobia," students can determine the meaning of arachnophobia by using which type of context clue?AnswerCorrect Answer:root word and affixesQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsFifth-grade students can demonstrate their understanding of homophones byAnswerCorrect Answer:All of the above are true.Question 17 1 out of 1 pointsFor vocabulary instruction to be effective, students must:AnswerCorrect Answer:relate new words to their background knowledgeQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsAfter third grade, the single largest source of vocabulary growth for students is:AnswerCorrect Answer:readingQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsThe best way to teach students to use context clues is by:AnswerCorrect Answer:modelingQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsSimilar words in two languages that have descended from the same language are known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:cognatesQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsExpressions such as “raining cats and dogs” and “in hot water” are examples of:AnswerCorrect Answer:idiomsQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsWhen eleven-year-old Madison comes to an unfamiliar word, she uses the surrounding words to figure out the unknown word’s meaning. This is an example of using:AnswerCorrect Answer:context cluesQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the most effective way for students to learn a new group of words is to:AnswerCorrect Answer:relate the words to a conceptQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students learn the origin of a new word, the students are learning that word’s:AnswerCorrect Answer:etymologyQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsThe words dear and deer are examples of:AnswerCorrect Answer:homonymsQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsA teacher selected words used in a thematic unit and he made a grid to classify the words according to their distinguishing characteristics. He then asked his students to analyze each word, characteristic by characteristic, and indicate their results on the grid. His class participated in an activity called:AnswerCorrect Answer:semantic feature analysisQuestion 27 1 out of 1 pointsWords that have nearly the same meaning as other words are:AnswerCorrect Answer:synonymsQuestion 28 1 out of 1 pointsWhen teaching students to find the meaning of a word in a dictionary, instructors should:AnswerCorrect Answer:compare the word to related words and oppositesQuestion 29 1 out of 1 pointsWhile giving a class presentation, a sixth grade student explained the meaning of the word telephone by saying that, “Tele means distance and phon means sound. A telephone enables someone to hear sound across a distance.” This student was using a technique known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:morphemic analysisQuestion 30 1 out of 1 pointsExplicit dictionary meanings are known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:literal meaningsQuestion 31 1 out of 1 pointsA student selected the word snowstorm from the word wall and then wrote related words including snow, snowman, and blizzard. This student made a(n):AnswerCorrect Answer:word chainQuestion 32 1 out of 1 pointsWhen implementing vocabulary instruction, a teacher should focus on helping his students:AnswerCorrect Answer:learn strategiesQuestion 33 1 out of 1 pointsWords have entered the English language from many sources. The three main sources have been:AnswerCorrect Answer:English, Latin, and GreekQuestion 34 1 out of 1 pointsTo read and comprehend a book, research suggests that students must:AnswerCorrect Answer:know 85% of the words in the bookQuestion 35 1 out of 1 pointsAfter presenting a lesson on Alaska, a teacher added the words tundra, Arctic, oil, and resources to the word wall. Those words are examples of:AnswerCorrect Answer:content-related wordsQuestion 36 1 out of 1 pointsResearch suggests that the best predictor of vocabulary growth in students between second grade and fifth grade is:AnswerCorrect Answer:the amount of time children spend reading independentlyQuestion 37 1 out of 1 pointsWords that express opposite meanings are:AnswerCorrect Answer:antonymsQuestion 38 1 out of 1 pointsTwo types of figurative language are:AnswerCorrect Answer:idioms and metaphorsQuestion 39 1 out of 1 pointsThe sentence, “Michelle was as graceful as a bird as she skated across the ice,” contains an example of a(n):AnswerCorrect Answer:simileQuestion 40 1 out of 1 pointsWords should be added to a word wall:AnswerCorrect Answer:by the classroom teacher and studentsQuestion 41 1 out of 1 pointsTwo of the best ways to provide opportunities for independent reading are:AnswerCorrect Answer:literature circles and reading workshopQUIZ 8Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students are actively involved in their reading process and direct their attention to the big ideas in the text, they areAnswerCorrect Answer:reading with a purpose.Question 2 1 out of 1 pointsIn which comprehension strategy to readers think about what they are reading as they read, and apply fix-up strategies if meaning has broken down?AnswerCorrect Answer:monitoringQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT an important factor of teachers' abilities to motivate their students?AnswerCorrect Answer:expectationsQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsWhen teachers use incentives, such as free time or food, they are engaging inAnswerCorrect Answer:rewards.Question 5 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following teacher moves is NOT likely to create an expectation of comprehension for his/her students?AnswerCorrect Answer:Provide students with books at his/her level only.Question 6 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is a prerequisite for comprehension?AnswerCorrect Answer:having and activating prior knowledgeQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsWhen readers personalize what they are reading by thinking of similar experiences in their lives or in books they have read, they areAnswerCorrect Answer:connecting.Question 8 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students read between the lines, they areAnswerCorrect Answer:making inferences.Question 9 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a factor of students' motivation?AnswerCorrect Answer:understanding the taskQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsWhen a reader knows what a strategy does to aid comprehension, they have what kind of knowledge?AnswerCorrect Answer:declarativeQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT true of capable readers and writers?AnswerCorrect Answer:They decode word by word.Question 12 1 out of 1 pointsTalking about books and sharing opinions and ideas can help childrenAnswerCorrect Answer:increase their motivation to read.Question 13 1 out of 1 pointsAs they read, students ask themselves questions to be sure they understand what they are reading. This is a characteristic ofAnswerCorrect Answer:monitoring.Question 14 1 out of 1 pointsMiss Bannigan helps her fourth graders set a purpose for reading by asking them tAnswerCorrect Answer:predictQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsStudents can demonstrate their comprehension by engaging in which of the following activitiesAnswerCorrect Answer:All of the above are true.Question 16 1 out of 1 pointsTeachers teach students to do all but which of the following as they strive to facilitate students' comprehension?AnswerCorrect Answer:Complete word journalsQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsComprehension depends on two factors:AnswerCorrect Answer:the reader and the textQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsResearch has suggested that comprehension is enhanced when students:AnswerCorrect Answer:read for a single purposeQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsFluent readers have better comprehension primarily because:AnswerCorrect Answer:their cognitive resources are not consumed by decodingQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsEnglish Language Learners often have difficulty comprehending text primarily because they lack:AnswerCorrect Answer:background knowledgeQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsThoughtful behaviors that students use to facilitate their understanding as they read are:AnswerCorrect Answer:comprehension strategiesQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsLearners store background knowledge in:AnswerCorrect Answer:schemataQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the most effective technique that teachers can use to help their students make predictions is:AnswerCorrect Answer:Directed Reading Thinking ActivitiesQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsStephen, a fifth grade student, enjoyed silently reading Hoot by Carl Hiaasen because it reminded him of his recent trip to the Florida Everglades. As he was reading, Stephen made:AnswerCorrect Answer:text-to-self connectionsQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsA fifth grade class read and compared two books by Jerry Spinelli, Crash and Maniac Magee. This class made:AnswerCorrect Answer:text-to-text connectionsQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsMotivation and interest for reading seems to increase when students participate in:AnswerCorrect Answer:student-controlled open-ended activities and projectsQuestion 27 1 out of 1 pointsThe best way for students to develop their comprehension is to:AnswerCorrect Answer:read authentic texts independently at their reading levelQuestion 28 1 out of 1 pointsA strategy that helps students categorize questions and ask higher-level questions is:AnswerCorrect Answer:question-answer relationshipsQuestion 29 1 out of 1 points1. Research suggests that the strongest, most capable readers view reading as a process of:AnswerCorrect Answer:b) comprehensionQuestion 30 1 out of 1 points1. Teachers model the thought processes they go through as they read when they use:AnswerCorrect Answer:b) think aloudsQuestion 31 1 out of 1 points1. Capable readers usually:AnswerCorrect Answer:c) use many reading strategies simultaneouslyQuestion 32 1 out of 1 points1. When eight-year-old George read The Polar Express, he created mental images and placed himself in the story. George was:AnswerCorrect Answer:d) visualizingQuestion 33 1 out of 1 pointsd) Students take responsibility and select their own books when they participate in:AnswerCorrect Answer:c) reading workshopQuestion 34 1 out of 1 points1. Several factors affect reading comprehension. Background knowledge and purpose are considered:AnswerCorrect Answer:reader factorsQuestion 35 1 out of 1 points1. Teachers encourage students to make predictions as they are reading. Predictions give students:AnswerCorrect Answer:b) a purpose for readingQuestion 36 1 out of 1 points1. A technique that teachers use to help students form summaries is:AnswerCorrect Answer:b) GISTQuestion 37 1 out of 1 points1. Metacognitive strategies enable students to:AnswerCorrect Answer:a) reflect on their thinkingQuestion 38 1 out of 1 points1. When students read, they always need:AnswerCorrect Answer:d) a purposeQuestion 39 1 out of 1 points1. The goal of reading instruction is:AnswerCorrect Answer:c) comprehensionQUIZ 9Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsThe way authors organize ideas in stories, informational books, and poems is referred to asAnswerCorrect Answers:text structure.Question 2 1 out of 1 pointsHow do graphic organizers help students learn about text structure?AnswerCorrect Answers:Students can visualize the big ideas and see the connections between ideas and vocabulary.Question 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a narrative text genre?AnswerCorrect Answers:cause and effectQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsA story that focuses on the conflict between good and evil and often involves quests is calledAnswerCorrect Answers:high fantasyQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsThe perspective that a story is told from is which story element?AnswerCorrect Answers:point of viewQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT a common literacy device?AnswerCorrect Answers:problem and solutionQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsWhen authors use descriptive or sensory words and phrases to convey a certain picture in the reader's mind or a certain sense of smell or taste, it is calledAnswerCorrect Answers:using imagery.Question 8 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following is NOT one of the most common expository text structures?AnswerCorrect Answers:contemporary fictionQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsAn author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order. What type of text structure is this?AnswerCorrect Answers:sequenceQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsInformation books have all but which of the following text features?AnswerCorrect Answers:detailed illustrations to support the text's contentQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsThe most common type of poetry isAnswerCorrect Answers:rhymed verse.Question 12 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students create poems by cutting words from various sources and then manipulating the words into poems, they are creatingAnswerCorrect Answers:found poems.Question 13 1 out of 1 pointsThe conflict of a story isAnswerCorrect Answers:the main problem.Question 14 1 out of 1 pointsExpository text can also be calledAnswerCorrect Answers:nonfiction.Question 15 1 out of 1 pointsWhat is the best reason explaining why teachers need to know about story elements?AnswerCorrect Answers:to understand how authors craft a storyQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsMrs. Cartelli listens as two children in her class animatedly and excitedly discuss a story about a boy who travels in the future. She begins to think of other stories they might like. What aspect of story will she most likely focus on?AnswerCorrect Answers:settingQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsMs. Plante asks her students to use a graphic organizer to determine the beginning, middle, and end of a story. She is helping her students focus onAnswerCorrect Answers:plot.Question 18 1 out of 1 pointsMr. Fair tells his fifth graders that sometimes authors attribute human characteristics to animals and objects. He gives the example of "the moss crept across the sidewalk." He is teaching his students aboutAnswerCorrect Answers:personification.Question 19 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following does NOT represent how children learn story structure?AnswerCorrect Answers:by making KWL chartsQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsWhich of the following poetic forms is NOT concerned with syllables and line patterns?AnswerCorrect Answers:acrosticQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsThe term used to describe the way in which authors organize ideas in stories, informational books, and poems is:AnswerCorrect Answer:text structureQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsLonger stories written in a chapter format are referred to as:AnswerCorrect Answer:novelsQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsA novel began with the sentences, “I knew sixth grade would be hard when we got lots of homework on the first day. I would no longer have time to play basketball after school.” Those sentences show that the novel was written in:AnswerCorrect Answer:first-person viewpointQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsWhen children write poetry, they should be:AnswerCorrect Answer:free to experiment with many formsQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsThemes that are stated openly and clearly in a story are:AnswerCorrect Answer:explicit themesQuestion 26 1 out of 1 pointsA term used to describe brief narratives designed to teach a moral is:AnswerCorrect Answer:fableQuestion 27 1 out of 1 pointsNicole and Madison wanted to read a poem together. They found a poem that was written in two columns and each student practiced reading a column. These students performed a:AnswerCorrect Answer:poem for two voicesQuestion 28 0 out of 1 pointsInformational books are organized in:AnswerCorrect Answer:narrative text structuresQuestion 29 1 out of 1 pointsA third grade class read a story about a girl who had the power to make rain or snow fall from the sky whenever she wished. That story is an example of a(n):AnswerCorrect Answer:fantasy textQuestion 30 1 out of 1 points1. When categorizing books, biographies can be considered:AnswerCorrect Answer:informational booksQuestion 31 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students understand the unique characteristics of genres, they are better able to:AnswerCorrect Answer:anticipate the structure of textQuestion 32 1 out of 1 pointsMyths about heroes and heroines who have done something important enough to be remembered in a story form are referred to as:AnswerCorrect Answer:legendsQuestion 33 1 out of 1 pointsGood novels have fully developed main characters. One way in which characters can be developed is through:AnswerCorrect Answer:DialogueQuestion 34 1 out of 1 pointsTo complete a homework assignment, Richard searched several books and found the names of historic battlefields in Pennsylvania. In this situation, Richard took an:AnswerCorrect Answer:efferent stanceQuestion 35 1 out of 1 pointsThe underlying meaning of a story that embodies general truths about human nature is referred to as the story’s:AnswerCorrect Answer:themeQuestion 36 1 out of 1 pointsAuthors use many literary devices to make their writing more vivid and memorable. When authors overstate or stretch the truth to make obvious and intentional exaggerations for a special effect, those authors are using:AnswerCorrect Answer:hyperboleQuestion 37 1 out of 1 pointsIn many folktales, the story’s setting is relatively unimportant. Settings with little elaboration are considered:AnswerCorrect Answer:backdrop settingsQuestion 38 1 out of 1 pointsA group of third-grade students read a novel in which the theme was not stated clearly in the story. As they were reading, these students uncovered the theme by making inferences as they read. Themes that must be inferred from the story are considered:AnswerCorrect Answer:implicit themesQuestion 39 1 out of 1 pointsMany children’s books, such as Charlotte’s Web, contain animals that speak and show other human characteristics. A technique in which authors attribute human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects is known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:personificationQuestion 40 1 out of 1 pointsAfter reading the novel Because of Winn-Dixie, a group of fifth-grade students collected their favorite words and sentences from the novel and composed a poem. Poems that are made by culling words and sentences from various sources are referred to as:AnswerCorrect Answer:found poemsQUIZ 10Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsIn October, the fifth grade students in Brady School formed literature circles. Throughoutthe school year, these students should:AnswerSelected Answer:occasionally form new groups that meet their needs and interestsCorrect Answer:occasionally form new groups that meet their needs and interestsQuestion 2 1 out of 1 pointsBasal readers usually:AnswerSelected Answer:contain a strong skills componentCorrect Answer:contain a strong skills componentQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsWhen participating in literature circles, effective teachers encourage students to read:AnswerSelected Answer:stories and/or informational booksCorrect Answer:stories and/or informational booksQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsMrs. Lewis went to a thrift store and bought a bag of children’s books for her eight year olddaughter, Alexis. When Alexis sorted the books into the categories of “too easy”, “too hard”, and “just right”, she was using the:AnswerSelected Answer:Goldilocks StrategyCorrect Answer:Goldilocks StrategyQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsWhen sixth grade teacher Donna Collingdale collected her students’ reading logs, a veteran teacher correctly advised her that reading the logs would:AnswerSelected Answer:help her monitor the ways in which her students use reading strategiesCorrect Answer:help her monitor the ways in which her students use reading strategiesQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsWhen discussing reading and writing workshop, the principal correctly advised that reading and writing workshop:AnswerSelected Answer:could be used as the primary instructional approach in a classroom or as a complement to other instructional approachesCorrect Answer:could be used as the primary instructional approach in a classroom or as a complement to other instructional approachesQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsDuring Writing Workshop, it is most appropriate for students to work on projects:AnswerSelected Answer:they’ve chosen themselvesCorrect Answer:they’ve chosen themselvesQuestion 8 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students participate in literature focus units, the books they read are usually selected by:AnswerSelected Answer:the teacherCorrect Answer:the teacherQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the most individualized instructional approach is the:AnswerSelected Answer:reading workshopCorrect Answer:reading workshopQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsThe school librarian has correctly advised a fourth grade teacher that his classroom library should contain:AnswerSelected Answer:books written at a range of reading levelsCorrect Answer:books written at a range of reading levelsQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the instructional method that relies most heavily upon teacher direction isthe:AnswerSelected Answer:basal reading programCorrect Answer:basal reading programQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsBecause the students in Mary Pat’s second grade class complete workbook pages every day, they are most likely participating in:AnswerSelected Answer:a basal reading programCorrect Answer:a basal reading programQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsBasal reading programs provide a wide variety of materials to support student learning. The essential component of a basal reading program is:AnswerSelected Answer:a student textbook or anthologyCorrect Answer:a student textbook or anthologyQuestion 14 1 out of 1 pointsA fifth grade teacher began an author study by introducing several books written by LoisLowry. Of the following, the primary reason for implementing author studies withelementary students is to:AnswerSelected Answer:provide role models to inspire their writingCorrect Answer:provide role models to inspire their writingQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsAll of the students in Al Gallo’s class are reading the novel, Maniac Magee, by JerrySpinelli. They have grand conversations about each chapter, respond in reading logs, andadd important words from the chapters to the class word wall. These students areparticipating in a:AnswerSelected Answer:literature focus unitCorrect Answer:literature focus unitQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsWhen third grade teacher Anne Shirley developed a poetry unit, experienced teacherscorrectly advised that she should monitor and document her students’ work by using a(n):AnswerSelected Answer:assignment checklistCorrect Answer:assignment checklistQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsStudents are most likely to engage in authentic writing activities when they participate in:AnswerSelected Answer:Writing workshopCorrect Answer:Writing workshopQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsOne advantage to using basal reading programs is that these programs:AnswerSelected Answer:expose students to many genresCorrect Answer:expose students to many genresQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students are participating in a Literature Focus Unit they should:AnswerSelected Answer:sometimes work independently and sometimes work in small groups or as a whole classCorrect Answer:sometimes work independently and sometimes work in small groups or as a whole classQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsBecause teacher Marie Nercoff wanted to share her love of science fiction, she developed a unit using science fiction texts written by Jules Verne, Madeleine L’Engle, and other authors. This teacher developed a (n):AnswerSelected Answer:genre unitCorrect Answer:genre unitQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsStudents often assume roles such as the Discussion Director or Word Wizard when theyparticipate in:AnswerSelected Answer:Literature CirclesCorrect Answer:Literature CirclesQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsMost basal reading programs end in:AnswerSelected Answer:sixth gradeCorrect Answer:sixth gradeQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsWhen they met in literature circles, some second grade students used inappropriate language and did not discuss the selected books. After observing this behavior, the principal correctly advised their teacher to:AnswerSelected Answer:join the literature circle to model appropriate conversationCorrect Answer:join the literature circle to model appropriate conversationQUIZ 11Question 1 1 out of 1 pointsWhen students participate in guided reading sessions, they should read texts written at their:AnswerSelected Answer:instructional levelCorrect Answer:instructional levelQuestion 2 1 out of 1 pointsIn the most effective intervention programs, students are instructed by:AnswerSelected Answer:certified teachersCorrect Answer:certified teachersQuestion 3 1 out of 1 pointsMany students in Kathy Sites' class are advanced readers who can apply comprehension strategies and discuss challenging books with minimal teacher guidance. The most appropriate activity for these students would be:AnswerSelected Answer:Literature CirclesCorrect Answer:Literature CirclesQuestion 4 1 out of 1 pointsWhen his class was studying the Olympics, the teacher gathered multiple copies of related fiction and nonfiction books that varied in difficulty. This teacher compiled a:AnswerSelected Answer:text setCorrect Answer:text setQuestion 5 1 out of 1 pointsWhen a teacher practices differentiated instruction, he should:AnswerSelected Answer:place students in flexible groups which will change according to needCorrect Answer:place students in flexible groups which will change according to needQuestion 6 1 out of 1 pointsReading Recovery is an intervention program that was designed to address the needs of:AnswerSelected Answer:first grade studentsCorrect Answer:first grade studentsQuestion 7 1 out of 1 pointsAccording to the program's design, Reading Recovery instruction should be delivered by:AnswerSelected Answer:a specially trained teacherCorrect Answer:a specially trained teacherQuestion 8 1 out of 1 pointsWhen the new school year began, new teacher Mary Kay planned many reading activities for her class. Veteran teachers correctly advised that she should use a single text:AnswerSelected Answer:only 25% of the time so that she could differentiate instructionCorrect Answer:only 25% of the time so that she could differentiate instructionQuestion 9 1 out of 1 pointsTo increase the likelihood that all students will be successful, teachers should:AnswerSelected Answer:create tiered lessonsCorrect Answer:create tiered lessonsQuestion 10 1 out of 1 pointsA group of sixth grade students read independently and take computer-generated comprehension quizzes on their reading. These students are participating in a(n):AnswerSelected Answer:Accelerated Reader ProgramCorrect Answer:Accelerated Reader ProgramQuestion 11 1 out of 1 pointsTeacher Steve Doran would like all of his students to discuss the novel, Because of Winn-Dixie, but some of the students are unable to read the text independently. This teacher should:AnswerSelected Answer:read the text aloud to the studentsCorrect Answer:read the text aloud to the studentsQuestion 12 1 out of 1 pointsThe most effective way to help students who struggle with writing is to provide:AnswerSelected Answer:more opportunities for authentic writingCorrect Answer:more opportunities for authentic writingQuestion 13 1 out of 1 pointsSeveral fifth grade students have been having difficulty reading an assigned novel and they need teacher support to comprehend the text. Of the following, the most appropriate instructional technique to use with these students would be:AnswerSelected Answer:Guided ReadingCorrect Answer:Guided ReadingQuestion 14 1 out of 1 pointsA Response to Intervention (RTI) program involves 3 tiers. During the first tier, students:AnswerSelected Answer:are screened to identify academic difficultiesCorrect Answer:are screened to identify academic difficultiesQuestion 15 1 out of 1 pointsSecond grade teacher Mabel Frisby never asks all of her students to complete the same assignment because some students are working below grade level and some exceed grade level expectations. When this teacher varies and adjusts instruction and assignments to address individual differences, she is practicing:AnswerSelected Answer:differentiated instructionCorrect Answer:differentiated instructionQuestion 16 1 out of 1 pointsClassrooms in which differentiated instruction is practiced are appropriate:AnswerSelected Answer:for all studentsCorrect Answer:for all studentsQuestion 17 1 out of 1 pointsTo help students monitor their progress and develop responsibility for completing their assignments, teachers should:AnswerSelected Answer:provide checklists for students to track their progressCorrect Answer:provide checklists for students to track their progressQuestion 18 1 out of 1 pointsTwo teachers are working together to plan a unit on space exploration. These teachers should design activities:AnswerSelected Answer:with multiple options to address students' strengths and needsCorrect Answer:with multiple options to address students' strengths and needsQuestion 19 1 out of 1 pointsWhen teachers create tiered activities, they should:AnswerSelected Answer:strive to make the differences among assignments unnoticeableCorrect Answer:strive to make the differences among assignments unnoticeableQuestion 20 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the most effective way to help students improve their reading is to:AnswerSelected Answer:provide time for them to read books at their own reading levelCorrect Answer:provide time for them to read books at their own reading levelQuestion 21 1 out of 1 pointsLiteracy Centers:AnswerSelected Answer:can be used at any grade levelCorrect Answer:can be used at any grade levelQuestion 22 1 out of 1 pointsBefore planning instruction, it is essential for teachers to:AnswerSelected Answer:use assessment procedures to determine students' strengths and needsCorrect Answer:use assessment procedures to determine students' strengths and needsQuestion 23 1 out of 1 pointsOf the following, the most appropriate role for a school literacy coach is to:AnswerSelected Answer:collaborate with teachers to design instructionCorrect Answer:collaborate with teachers to design instructionQuestion 24 1 out of 1 pointsThe child who is most likely to have difficulty learning to read is the child who has:AnswerSelected Answer:difficulty developing phonemic awarenessCorrect Answer:difficulty developing phonemic awarenessQuestion 25 1 out of 1 pointsAn early intervention program which helps young children develop concepts of print and an understanding of literacy behaviors is:AnswerSelected Answer:Head StartCorrect Answer:Head Start ................
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