The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Spread of Industry 2
1. In the mid-1800s, one British leader called Great Britain ‘the _______________ of the world.”
2. Britain, however, had stiff competition from new industrial powers such as in the United States and Germany.
3. Another competitor emerged in _______________ in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
4. Japan had its own _______________ Revolution.
5. It industrialized everything from textiles to _______________.
6. The government and industrialists know as zaibatsu, adopted a new slogan: “rich country, strong army.”
Industry in the United States, Germany, and Japan.
|Nation |Arrival |Early Developments |
|United States |Samuel _______ slips out of |In 1814, Francis Cabot Lowell opens a_________mill in Waltham, |
| |Britain in 1789. He carries |Massachusetts. |
| |spinning know-how to _________ |The factory system spreads through New England. |
| |Island. |The ________ industrializes. The rural ___________ increasingly |
| | |relies on the sale of ____________ to mills in New England and Great |
| | |Britain. |
|Germany |Germans begin buying British |In 1839, Germany uses British capital to build its first _________. |
| |__________ in the early 1800s. |German coal, iron, and textile industries emerge in the mid-1800s. |
| | |By 1870, Germany ranks with Britain and the U.S. as the world’s three|
| | |most ________________nations. |
|Japan |Commodore Matthew _________arrives|In the late 1800s, Meiji leaders push Japan to industrialize. |
| |in Japan in 1853 with a fleet of |Japan builds its first railroad in _____. |
| |new steam-powered warships, |Japan takes partial control of Korean trade in 1874. |
| |exposing Japan to the power of |Agricultural production increases 228 percent between 1873 and 1900. |
| |_________. |By 1914, Japan has become one of the world’s leading industrial |
| | |powers. It had increased trade by 100 percent in 50 years. |
Impact of Industrialism 1
• Growth of Cities:
– From 1800to 1850, European cities grew dramatically, especially in ____________________ and Belgium. Cities became the home of industry, whit belching smokestacks poking above the skyline. They announced the arrival of coal-powered __________________ and steel-making plants.
• Rise of Industrial Capitalism:
– The Industrial Revolution gave birth to industrial ________________. The system was based on the industrial production of goods. The capital, or __________________, earned this was created a new industrial ________________ class. Its members built the factories and machines, bought the raw materials to produce goods, and found markets to sell them in. It operated on the basis of free enterprise. Under ____________ enterprise, individuals or private businesses, not the government, control production.
Impact of Industrialism 2
• New methods of organizing business: As production increased, industrial leaders found new ways to manage their growing businesses. Many formed ___________________. A partnership involves two or more entrepreneurs—people who invest money to earn a profit. They can raise more capital and take on more business than a single owner. Industrialists also form ____________--- organizations owned by stockholders who buy shares in a company. Shares increase or decrease in value depending on the corporation’s profits.
• Rise of an industrial working class: More factories meant a need for more industrial workers. People worked for wages, or set rate per hour or day. They labored up to 16 hours a day, six days a week. Men, women, and children toiled in dirty, dangerous, and unsafe conditions. Even so, people continued to flock to factories despite the horrible working conditions. Workers earned more money in the factories than on farms.
Impact of Industrialism 3
• Rise of Trade Unions: Workers knew they could not fight factory owners on their own. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, they began to form trade ________________. A trade union is an association of workers with the same skill who unite to improve __________________, benefits, working conditions, and worker ______________. Unions use strikes, or the refusal to _______________________, in order to force factory owners to talk with them. Great Britain passed the first worker-protection laws— laws that limit working hours, set fairer wages, and make work places safer. The battle to unionize in industrialized nations, however, continued into the mid-1900s.
Impact of Industrialism 4
• Development of Socialism: Harsh working conditions and the slow progress by unions caused some people to question ____________________. Factory workers enjoyed little benefit from labor. While factory owners lived like nobles, factory workers barely lived at all.
– This situation gave rise to a new idea called _____________________. Socialist believed that society– represented in the form of government– should _____________ and __________________ the means of production such as factories, land, capital, and raw materials. They felt competition in business _____________________ society more than it helped it.
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