Skeleton Cheat Sheet - Georgetown ISD



Skeleton Cheat Sheet

Axial Skeleton - Skull, Vertebral Column, and Bony Thorax

Skull

Cranial vault

Cranial floor

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa

Sutures

Sagittal

Coronal

Lambdoid

Squamous

Frontal bone

Glabella

Parietal bones

Occipital bone

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Temporal bone

Zygomatic process

Mastoid process

External auditory (acoustic) meatus

Styloid process

Mandibular fossa

Jugular foramen

Carotid canal

Sphenoid bone

Sella turcica (turk’s saddle)

Greater wing

Lesser wing

Pterygoid process

Superior orbital fissure

Optic canal

Ethmoid bone

Crista galli (rooster’s comb)

Cribriform plate

Maxilla (upper jaw)

Palatine process

Alveolar margins

Zygomatic process

Zygomatic bone (cheek bone)

Mandible (lower jaw)

Mandibular condyle

Alveolar margins

Mandibular notch

Mental foramen

Coronoid process

Mandibular foramen

Mandibular ramus

Nasal bone

Vomer bone

Inferior nasal concha

Lacrimal bone

Lacrimal fossa

Palatine bone

Horizontal plate

Perpendicular plate

Supraorbital margin

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

Infraorbital foramen

Hyoid bone

Vertebral Column

Body (centrum)

Vertebral foramen

Vertebral canal (formed from successive vertebral foramina)

Pedicle

Lamina

Spinous process

Transverse process

Superior and inferior articular facets

Intervertebral foramina

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

Transverse foramina

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

Dens (odontoid process)

Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

Sacrum (S1-S5)

Sacral promontory

Sacral canal

Ala (alae - plural)

Coccyx

Need to be able to distinguish between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

Bony Thorax

Sternum

Manubrium

Xiphoid process

Body

Jugular notch

Ribs – 12 pairs (Need to know a right rib from a left rib)

Vertebrosternal (true) (1-7)

Vertebrochondral (false) (8-12)

Vertebral (floating) (11, 12)

Head

Neck

Tubercle of rib

Shaft

Costal end

Appendicular Skeleton - Girdles and Appendages

Pectoral Girdle

Clavicles

Sternal end (medial)

Acromial end (lateral)

Superior and inferior/right and left

Scapulae

Coracoid process

Acromion

Supracapular notch

Spine

Supraspinous fossa

Infraspinous fossa

Glenoid cavity

Borders - superior, medial (vertebral), lateral (axillary)

Angles – superior, inferior

Right and left scapulae

anterior and posterior

Upper Limbs (appendages)

Upper Arm

Humerus

Head

Anatomical neck

Surgical neck

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Deltoid tuberosity

Epicondyles – medial and lateral

Trochlea

Capitulum

Coronoid fossa

Olencranon fossa

Right and left humerus

Anterior and posterior

Forearm

Ulna

Olecranon process

Coronoid process

Trochlear (semi-lunar) notch

Radial notch

Head

Styloid process

Radius

Head

Neck

Radial tuberosity

Styloid process

Hand

Carpals - 8 bones – collectively called the carpus-wrist

Metacarpals – 5 bones – collectively called the metacarpus - palm

Phalanges (each finger has 3 phalanges; thumb has only 2)

Pelvic Girdle

Os coxa – hip bone – composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together

right and left os coxa

anterior and posterior

Pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

Pelvic outlet

Obturator foramen

Acetabulum

Ilium

Ala (Alae - plural)

Iliac fossa

Iliac crest

Anterior superior iliac spine

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine

Posterior inferior iliac spine

Greater sciatic notch

Auricular surface

Ischium

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial ramus

Pubis

Superior and inferior ramus of pubis

Pubic symphysis

Pubic arch

Lower Limbs (appendages)

Thigh

Femur

Head

Fovea capitis

Neck

Greater and lesser trochanter

Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)

Gluteal tuberosity (posterior)

Linea aspera (posterior)

Lateral and medial condyles

Lateral and medial epicondyle

Intercondylar notch

Patellar surface

Anterior and posterior

Lateral and medial

Right and left femur

Patella

Lower Leg

Tibia

Medial and lateral condyles

Tibial tuberosity

Anterior crest

Medial malleolus

right and left tibia

Fibula

Head

Lateral malleolus

Foot

Tarsals - 7 bones – collectively called tarsus - ankle

Talus

Calcaneus (where Achilles tendon attaches)

Metatarsals – 5 bones – collectively called metatarsus

Phalanges – each toe has 3 phalanges; big toe has only 2

2 longitudinal arches (lateral and medial)

1 transverse arch

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