Skeleton Cheat Sheet - Georgetown ISD
Skeleton Cheat Sheet
Axial Skeleton - Skull, Vertebral Column, and Bony Thorax
Skull
Cranial vault
Cranial floor
Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa
Sutures
Sagittal
Coronal
Lambdoid
Squamous
Frontal bone
Glabella
Parietal bones
Occipital bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Temporal bone
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
External auditory (acoustic) meatus
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa
Jugular foramen
Carotid canal
Sphenoid bone
Sella turcica (turk’s saddle)
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Pterygoid process
Superior orbital fissure
Optic canal
Ethmoid bone
Crista galli (rooster’s comb)
Cribriform plate
Maxilla (upper jaw)
Palatine process
Alveolar margins
Zygomatic process
Zygomatic bone (cheek bone)
Mandible (lower jaw)
Mandibular condyle
Alveolar margins
Mandibular notch
Mental foramen
Coronoid process
Mandibular foramen
Mandibular ramus
Nasal bone
Vomer bone
Inferior nasal concha
Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal fossa
Palatine bone
Horizontal plate
Perpendicular plate
Supraorbital margin
Supraorbital foramen (notch)
Infraorbital foramen
Hyoid bone
Vertebral Column
Body (centrum)
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral canal (formed from successive vertebral foramina)
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous process
Transverse process
Superior and inferior articular facets
Intervertebral foramina
Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
Transverse foramina
Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Dens (odontoid process)
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
Sacrum (S1-S5)
Sacral promontory
Sacral canal
Ala (alae - plural)
Coccyx
Need to be able to distinguish between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
Bony Thorax
Sternum
Manubrium
Xiphoid process
Body
Jugular notch
Ribs – 12 pairs (Need to know a right rib from a left rib)
Vertebrosternal (true) (1-7)
Vertebrochondral (false) (8-12)
Vertebral (floating) (11, 12)
Head
Neck
Tubercle of rib
Shaft
Costal end
Appendicular Skeleton - Girdles and Appendages
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicles
Sternal end (medial)
Acromial end (lateral)
Superior and inferior/right and left
Scapulae
Coracoid process
Acromion
Supracapular notch
Spine
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Glenoid cavity
Borders - superior, medial (vertebral), lateral (axillary)
Angles – superior, inferior
Right and left scapulae
anterior and posterior
Upper Limbs (appendages)
Upper Arm
Humerus
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity
Epicondyles – medial and lateral
Trochlea
Capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Olencranon fossa
Right and left humerus
Anterior and posterior
Forearm
Ulna
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Trochlear (semi-lunar) notch
Radial notch
Head
Styloid process
Radius
Head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process
Hand
Carpals - 8 bones – collectively called the carpus-wrist
Metacarpals – 5 bones – collectively called the metacarpus - palm
Phalanges (each finger has 3 phalanges; thumb has only 2)
Pelvic Girdle
Os coxa – hip bone – composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together
right and left os coxa
anterior and posterior
Pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
Pelvic outlet
Obturator foramen
Acetabulum
Ilium
Ala (Alae - plural)
Iliac fossa
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Auricular surface
Ischium
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Ischial tuberosity
Ischial ramus
Pubis
Superior and inferior ramus of pubis
Pubic symphysis
Pubic arch
Lower Limbs (appendages)
Thigh
Femur
Head
Fovea capitis
Neck
Greater and lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
Gluteal tuberosity (posterior)
Linea aspera (posterior)
Lateral and medial condyles
Lateral and medial epicondyle
Intercondylar notch
Patellar surface
Anterior and posterior
Lateral and medial
Right and left femur
Patella
Lower Leg
Tibia
Medial and lateral condyles
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior crest
Medial malleolus
right and left tibia
Fibula
Head
Lateral malleolus
Foot
Tarsals - 7 bones – collectively called tarsus - ankle
Talus
Calcaneus (where Achilles tendon attaches)
Metatarsals – 5 bones – collectively called metatarsus
Phalanges – each toe has 3 phalanges; big toe has only 2
2 longitudinal arches (lateral and medial)
1 transverse arch
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