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BIOLOGY REVISION SHEET FINAL EXAM TERM-II Session: 2017-18 CCS: 10.BIO. 2d, 2e, 3a & 3b.Note: Students should study from their textbook of Biology and solve this Revision sheet.Name: Grade: 10Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The two major groups of cell types in the human body are called ______________ and ______________.2.The gametes are located in the _____________ organs.3.The number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell is _______.MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes.46 chromosomes in human body cellshalf come from4. include include 5. sex chromosomes6. includeincludeconsist of 7. 8. 22 homologous pairsFill in the Concept Map below to summarize what you know about chromosomes.Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.9.A person with two X chromosomes is female / male.10.The X / Y chromosome carries the fewest number of genes.Main idea: Body cells are diploid; gametes are haploid.Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.11.During fertilization, the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse / separate.12.Germ / Somatic cells are haploid.13.The haploid / diploid chromosome number in humans is 23.14.Each human gamete has one autosome / sex chromosome.Read the descriptions in the table below and then decide which column should be labeled Mitosis and which column should be labeled Meiosis.15. 16. Makes diploid cells.Makes haploid cells.Makes genetically identical cells.Makes genetically unique cells.Happens throughout an organism’s life.Happens at specific times in an organism’s life.Involved in asexual reproduction.Involved in sexual reproduction.Vocabulary Check17.Circle all of the following statements that are true for homologous chromosomes.a.One is from the mother and one is from the father.b.They are a pair of chromosomes.c.They are fertilized gametes.d.They have the same genes, but they differ in length and appearance.e.They have the same genes, length, and overall appearance. MR.ABID UR REHMAN BIOLOGY TEACHERKey ConceptDuring meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions that result in haploid cells.Vocabularygametogenesiseggspermpolar bodyMain Idea: Cells go through two rounds of division in meiosis.Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.1.After a chromosome is replicated, each half is called a sister chromatid / polar body.2.Two chromosomes that are very similar and carry the same genes are called somatic / homologous chromosomes.In the space below, sketch the phases of meiosis I and II and write the name of each phase below it. Use Figure 2.3 to help you. Meiosis IMeiosis II 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 11.In the diagram on the previous page, circle the phase in which homologous chromosomes separate, and put a box around the phase in which sister chromatids separate. Main idea: Haploid cells develop into mature gametes.12.The sperm cell and the egg both contribute to an embryo. Place a check mark in the appropriate boxes below to indicate what each gamete contributes to the embryo.Sperm cellEggDNAOrganellesMolecular building blocks13.Where are polar bodies made, in the male or in the female? ___________________Sperm FormationEgg plete the diagram of gametogenesis in the boxes below. Use Figure 2.4 to help you.Vocabulary CheckFill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.15.Genesis comes from a Greek word that means “to be born.” Therefore, gametogenesis is the _____________ of gametes.16.Polar bodies are cells produced by ______________ in the female body. They contain little more than DNA and are eventually _______________.Key ConceptMendel’s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units.Vocabularytraitpurebredlaw of segregationgeneticscrossMain Idea: Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics.1.What is genetics?2.Whose early work is the basis for much of our current understanding of genetics?3.How did Mendel’s views on inheritance differ from the views of many scientists of his time?Main Idea: Mendel’s data revealed patterns of inheritance.In designing his experiments, Mendel made three important choices that helped him see patterns of inheritance. In the table below, list Mendel’s three choices and write an example of how he put each of these choices into action.Mendel’s ChoicesExample4.5.6.7.Why did Mendel use pea plants?Resulted in F2 generation with both dominant and recessive phenotypes.Bred flowers resulting in F1 generation with dominant phenotype.8.Fill in the sequence diagram below to summarize Mendel’s experimental process.9.Mendel concluded that traits are inherited as “discrete units.” What do we call these discrete units today?10.What two conclusions make up Mendel’s law of segregation?Vocabulary Check11.Segregation means “separation.” What is “segregated” in Mendel’s law of segregation?12.What does “purebred” mean? MR.ABID UR REHMAN BIOLOGY TEACHERKey ConceptGenes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits.VocabularygeneheterozygousphenotypeallelegenomedominanthomozygousgenotyperecessiveMain Idea: The same gene can have many versions.1.What is the relationship between a gene and a protein?2.What is an allele?3.What term describes a pair of alleles that are the same? that are different?4.Write a definition of homologous chromosomes using the terms “gene” and “allele.”In the space below, draw a pair of homologous chromosomes. Label the chromosomes with two sets of genes, one with homozygous alleles (Gene A, Gene A) and one with heterozygous alleles (Gene B, Gene b).MAIN IDEA: Genes influence the development of traits.5.Write an analogy to show the difference between genotype and phenotype.6.How are alleles represented on paper?7.Fill in the table below with the missing genotype, phenotype (dominant or recessive), or alleles (TT, Tt, tt).GenotypePhenotypeAlleleshomozygous dominantrecessiveTt8.If an organism has a recessive trait, can you determine its genotype for that trait?9.What factors besides alleles affect phenotype?Vocabulary Check10.What type of alleles are present in an organism with a QQ genotype?11.What is an alternative form of a gene?12.What is the opposite of homozygous? of dominant?Key ConceptThe inheritance of traits follows the rules of probability.VocabularyPunnett squaretestcrosslaw of independent assortmentmonohybrid crossdihybrid crossprobabilityMain Idea: Punnett squares illustrate genetic crosses.2. AaAa1. 3. AAAaAaaaIdentify what each of the numbered parts represents in the Punnett square below. Then draw lines from each of the parents’ alleles to the corresponding alleles in the offspring.4.Why does each parent contribute only one allele to the offspring?Main Idea: A monohybrid cross involves one trait.5.You know a ratio is a comparison that tells how two or more things relate. What is a genotypic ratio? a phenotypic ratio?6.What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring in Figure 5.3?7.What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring in Figure 5.3?Main Idea: A dihybrid cross involves two traits.8.What is a dihybrid cross?9.Why does each parent organism in the F1 generation have four alleles listed in Figure 5.5?10.Suppose an organism had the genotype AABb. What two types of gametes could result from this allele combination?11.What is the phenotypic ratio that results from a dihybrid cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for both traits? See Figure 5.5 for help.Main Idea: Heredity patterns can be calculated with probability.12.Probability predicts the _______________ number of occurrences, not the _______________ number of occurrences.13.To calculate the probability that two independent events will happen together, _______________ the probability of each individual event.14.In Figure 5.6, the probability of getting one coin that is heads up and one coin that is tails up is _______________.Vocabulary Check15.What is a testcross?16.What is independent in the law of independent assortment? MR.ABID UR REHMAN BIOLOGY TEACHER ................
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