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Weekly Overview

Week 2

Overview

Health care delivery encompasses federal and state structures as well as private, for-profit, and voluntary structures. These organizations include a variety of facilities and services that provide diagnosis and treatment, health promotion and disease prevention, and therapeutic rehabilitation.

Nationally, there are health care structures like the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the Center for Disease Control (CDC), and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). State health departments, hospitals, clinics and medical offices, long-term care, home health care, and hospices offer a variety of health care.

Many types of departments within these facilities collaborate to deliver health care services. For instance, an individual may see a physician in a clinic, but is then sent to laboratory and radiology departments for testing. The patient may have treatment in a hospital or outpatient surgery center with the assistance of nursing, technologists, dietitians, pharmacists and social workers. Rehabilitation services may follow a hospitalization or outpatient procedure to enhance recovery.

Besides the patient care offered by hospitals and centers for ambulatory care, rehabilitation and mental health services, the personnel at public health and wellness centers can offer ideas for healthy eating and living that increase disease prevention and health promotion. This week increases your understanding of the medical terms used for all types of health care structures and delivery.

What you will cover

1. Health care structures and delivery systems

a. Identify the framework and roles of health care delivery.

1) Federal and state structures

a) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

1) Functions as a federal organization providing information regarding federal programs

2) Resource for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

b) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

1) Functions as the federal source of government-sponsored health care programs

2) Resource for federal Medicare and federal or state Medicaid services

c) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

1) Functions as the epidemiological tracking and trending center for diseases in the United States

2) Resource for disease-related information, primarily in the United States

d) State public health department

1) Functions as the epidemiological tracking and trending center for diseases within the state

2) Resource for state information regarding diseases, public health clinics, and state public health information services

e) Indian Health Services (IHS)

1) Functions as the primarily source for Native American health services

2) Resource for Native American health services, including the location of hospitals, clinics, educational programs, and reservations

f) U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

1) Functions as an access point for veterans seeking services from the federal government

2) Resource for VA hospitals and clinics; an information source for veterans

2) Private, for-profit, and voluntary structures

a) Hospitals deliver primary patient care and serve as a source for medical staff training.

b) Clinics (traditional and stand-alone) deliver short-term ambulatory patient care that is not usually of an urgent nature.

c) Physician offices serve as the entry point to the health care system, as physicians diagnose and treat disease and provide wellness services.

d) Long-term care (LTC) facilities provide long-term care to older adults and adults those with disabilities who are unable to take care of themselves in a private setting.

e) Home health services provide needed care in a patient’s home, usually on a short-term basis.

f) Hospice provides care to the dying and provides support for family and friends.

g) Urgent care delivers short-term, urgent, ambulatory patient care.

b. Describe health care services and functions.

1) Overview of the four broad types of services in health care

a) Health promotion: active living and healthy eating

b) Disease prevention

1) Acute: immunizations and infection control

2) Chronic: heart disease, hypertension, and cancer

c) Diagnosis and treatment

d) Rehabilitation

2) Types of health care facilities

a) Hospitals

1) Delivering patient care

a) Emergency care

b) Procedural or surgical care

c) Specialized care (woman’s hospital, orthopedic hospital, and so on)

2) Training institutions

3) Conducting research

4) Providing patient education

b) Ambulatory health care services

1) Routine, complex, or specialized care

a) Physician offices

b) Urgent care centers

c) Chronic pain clinics

d) Same-day surgery centers, infusion centers, dialysis, and so on

2) Most frequent contact people have with the health care system

c) Rehabilitation services

1) Skilled nursing and long-term care centers

2) Chemical dependency

d) Mental health services

1) Inpatient

2) Outpatient

e) Public health care services

1) United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)

2) Local public health departments

3) Professional organizations, such as the American Cancer Society

3) Health care teams

a) Functional teams: focus on specific problems (for example, a coronary team)

b) Patient-centered teams: patient and families as decision makers

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