Johns Hopkins University Press
Appendix 2 CARES Pre-test questions for each session
|CARES Session 1 Module Pre-Test |
|MULTIPLE CHOICE |
| |( Data collection |( Hypothesis construction |
|Which of the following is not part of the research process? |( Self-enlightenment |( Interpretation of data |
|You know that research requires a clear articulation of a goal. Is the following |( No |( Yes |
|statement representative of an articulated goal? "Why do birds form a V-shaped | | |
|pattern when they fly in groups?" | | |
|Once you have formulated a research goal, the next step is: |( You propose a procedure to reach that goal |( You start the collection of data to meet the goal |
| |( You accept a hypothesis |( You devise assumptions |
|If hypotheses are supported by a growing body of data, they evolve into: |( Laws |( Rules |
| |( Theories |( Suggestions |
| __________ are tentative explanations that new data either support or do not |( Hypotheses |
|support. |( Theories |
| |( Facts |
|TRUE or FALSE |
|Looking in an encyclopedia to determine who discovered the North Pole is an |( True |
|example of research. |( False |
|Research often includes the publication of what the researcher has discovered |( True |
| |( False |
|Hypotheses are never proved in research. |( True |
| |( False |
|The collection of data is a subjective process. |( True |
| |( False |
|The interpretation of data is an objective process. |( True |
| |( False |
|CARES Session 2 Module Pre-Test |
|Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person’s health status? |Employment status |
| |Education level |
| |Income |
| |Literacy skills |
|Which of the following are coping mechanisms used by patients with low health |Nod politely when doctor speaks and don’t ask any questions |
|literacy? |Say they forgot their eyeglasses to avoid filling out forms or questionnaires |
| |Laugh and being forgetful when asked about their medical condition or treatments |
| |All of the above |
|Uniting health information with technology is at the core of healthcare industry |Ensuring national safety |
|changes for the following purposes, except: |Threatening a consumer’s information privacy |
| |Improved quality of patient care and safety |
| |Reduction of healthcare costs |
|An informed healthcare consumer can impact the quality of their own care by |Calling attention to errors in documented information |
| |Advising physicians of recent medical tests and medications |
| |Taking care to balance privacy concerns with information availability |
| |All of the above |
|Health information will be better managed when technology is utilized as a tool. |True |
| |False |
|CARES Session 3 Module Pre-Test |
|Which of the following statements define the human research principle of respect for|The capacity and rights of all individuals to make their own decisions |
|persons? |The respect for the autonomy of all human beings |
| |The recognition of the dignity and freedom of all persons |
| |The need to provide special protection to vulnerable persons |
| |All of the above |
|Which of the following is not an ethical practice? |Sharing your data with other organizations who have a legitimate interest in your research |
| |Using pseudonyms to protect participants from being identified |
| |Obtaining someone’s informed consent to participate in research project prior to the project starting |
| |Keeping your data under lock and key |
|What is the over-riding principle governing ethical behavior? |To obtain the informed consent of the participants |
| |To avoid dealing with sensitive topics |
| |To protect research participants and their communities from harm |
| |To preserve the anonymity of your participants |
|Which of the following is not considered to be an example of scientific misconduct? |Fabrication of data |
| |Plagiarism |
| |Publishing a table with a typographical error |
| |Authorship on a project that you did not work on |
|Research conducted today has more ethical problems that research conducted 30 years |True |
|ago. |False |
|CARES Session 4 Module Pre-Test |
|A good qualitative problem statement: |Defines the independent and dependent variables |
| |Conveys a sense of emerging design |
| |Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested |
| |Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find |
|Research hypotheses are ______. |Formulated prior to a review of the literature |
| |Statements of predicted relationships between variables |
| |Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted |
| |b and c |
|A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the |To become familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest |
|researcher to do which of the following |To identify potential methodological problems in the research area |
| |To develop a list of pertinent problems relative to the phenomenon of interest |
| |All of the above |
|A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally|Is made prior to the literature review |
|______. |Is made after the literature review |
| |Will help guide the research process |
| |All of the above |
| |e. b and c |
|Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not |True |
|recommended by grounded theorists. |False |
|CARES Session 5 Module Pre-Test |
|According to the text, questionnaires can address events and characteristics |In the past (retrospective questions) |
|taking place when |In the present (current time questions) |
| |In the future (prospective questions) |
| |All of the above |
|Which of these is not a method of data collection? |Questionnaires |
| |Interviews |
| |Experiments |
| |Observations |
|Secondary/existing data may include which of the following? |Official documents |
| |Personal documents |
| |Archived research data |
| |All of the above |
|Which of the following terms best describes data that were originally collected |Primary data |
|at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose? |Secondary data |
| |Experimental data |
| |d. Field notes |
|Researchers use both open-ended and closed-ended questions to collect data. |Open-ended questions directly provide quantitative data based on the researcher’s predetermined response categories |
|Which of the following statements is true? |Closed-ended questions provide quantitative data in the participant’s own words |
| |Open-ended questions provide qualitative data in the participant’s own words |
| |Closed-ended questions directly provide qualitative data in the participants’ own words |
|CARES Session 6 Module Pre-Test |
|The specific cultural conventions or statements that people who share a culture|a. Shared attitudes |
|hold to be true or false are called ______. |b. Shared beliefs |
| |c. Shared values |
| |d. Norms |
|Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? |a. Design flexibility |
| |b. Inductive analysis |
| |c. Context sensitivity |
| |d. All of the above |
|Which major characteristic of qualitative research refers to studying real |a. Holistic perspective |
|world situations as they unfold naturally? |b. Naturalistic inquiry |
| |c. Dynamic systems |
| |d. Inductive analysis |
|In which qualitative research approach is the primary goal to gain access to |a. Phenomenology |
|individuals’ inner worlds of experience? |b. Ethnography |
| |c. Grounded theory |
| |d. Case study |
|Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of qualitative research?|a. Design flexibility |
| |b. Dynamic systems |
| |c. Naturalistic inquiry |
| |d. Deductive design |
|CARES Session 7 Module Pre-Test |
|A research method in which a researcher asks study participants several |Case study |
|conversational style questions and does not provide a set of responses to |Interview |
|choose from |Comparative method |
| |Quantitative study |
|The key feature of probability sampling is: |Selection of very large samples |
| |Elimination of sampling error |
| |Random selection |
| |Reduction of bias in the sampling frame |
|Which of the following is an example of nominal level measurement? |Family size (number of children in a family) |
| |Political participation (number of times voted in last 10 years) |
| |Educational attainment (highest year or grade in school completed) |
| |Political party affiliation (Republican, Democrat, Independent, Other) |
|When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being |A nonrandom sampling method |
|selected, this is called: |A quota sample |
| |A snowball sample |
| |An Equal probability selection method |
|CARES Session 8 Module Pre-Test |
|Which of the following is a principle of community-based participatory |Data collection must be conducted by people who do not live in the community to be studied. |
|research? |Collaborative partnership must occur in all phases of the research. |
| |Researchers from the university must decide the methods of evaluation used in the research project. |
| |None of the above |
|As a community member serving on an IRB board of a local university, |To make sure that no one conducts research in poor communities. |
|you have a responsibility |To agree with the other members of the committee. |
| |To make sure that researchers protect the identities of people who participate in their studies |
| |Make sure that university researchers do as much research as possible. |
|Many university researchers are required by grant-making institutions |True |
|to involve community members in their research projects |False |
|Community members who are part of a CBPR project should expect to play |True |
|a role in analyzing, writing, and/or distributing results of the |False |
|research | |
|CARES Session 9 Module Pre-Test |
|A nurse labels a patient an alcoholic because of the patient’s |Stereotyping |
|ethnicity. This is called |Risk |
| |Mercury |
| |Biology |
|Which applies best as an overall goal is to increase the quality of |Host |
|years and healthy life? |True |
| |HP2010 |
| |Age |
|Which is a factor that affects the health of a community |Physical |
| |Social and Cultural |
| |Community Organization |
| |Individual Behaviors |
| |All the above |
|Program planning begins with: |Assessment of existing health needs and problems |
| |Identification of different practice settings |
| |Measurement of social marketing process |
| |Evaluation of learning objectives |
|An example of secondary prevention would be |Wearing a seat belt |
| |Getting a mammogram |
| |Exercising |
| |Getting a flu vaccination |
|CARES Session 10 Module Pre-Test |
|In the definition of epidemiology, the terms “distribution” and |Frequency, pattern, and causes of health events |
|“determinants” taken together refer to: |Dissemination of information to those who need to know |
| |Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health |
| |Public health services and resources |
|Descriptive epidemiology includes all EXCEPT: |What |
| |Who |
| |When |
| |Where |
| |Why |
|The London cholera epidemic of 1848 was traced to the Broad Street |Graunt |
|pump by whom? |Farr |
| |Snow |
| |Doll |
| |Hill |
|The time course of a disease outbreak is usually displayed as a/an: |Secular trend |
| |Seasonal trend |
| |Epidemic curve |
| |Endemic curve |
|Because socioeconomic status is difficult to quantify, we commonly |Educational achievement |
|use all of the following substitute measures EXCEPT: |Family income |
| |Occupation social standing |
|CARES Session 11 Module Pre-Test |
|The term “literacy” is defined by which of the following: |Read |
| |Write |
| |Speak in English |
| |Compute and solve problems |
| |All of the above |
|The term “Health Literacy” focuses solely on minorities and low-income |True |
|persons. |False |
|Which of the following does not apply to persons with Level 1 literacy? |Can sign one’s name |
| |Total a bank deposit entry |
| |Identify and enter background information on a social security card application |
| |Identify a country in a short article |
| |Find the expiration date on a driver’s license |
|How many people in the U.S. may be at risk of difficulty due to low |50 million |
|literacy skills? |70 million |
| |80 million |
| |90 million |
| |100 million |
|One out of five American Adults reads at the 5th grade level or below, |True |
|and the average American reads at the 10th grade level. |False |
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