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Ruth Chapter 1 in Transliteration Graham G. Thomason17 September 2012. Revised 23 January 2023Adapted from Hebrew text contains Masoretic cantillation signs as well as vowels. These are ignored in the transliteration.The shewa is indicated by ?, (not the small raised e, as in ?efō?). This has been kept as it is as it is a good alternative.This transliteration is usable, but as it is machine generated without regard to all letter contexts, it has a few unconventional renderings, though it still represents the Hebrew methodically.?????? are transliterated bgdkpt, which represents their sound when they are hard, but they are underlined when soft, except that the p becomes f. The ancient pronunciation when soft was v-gh-dh-ch-f-th, (gh as in modern Greek pronunciation of gamma, dh as the th in this, ch as in loch, th as in thin), though we, with modern Hebrew, only distinguish v-ch-f.Ketiv and Qere asterisks (Ruth 1:8) have been retained. These will be explained in class. In Ru 1:9, 1:14 1:20 there is a long e grave without mater lectionis, which we leave standing as if short e (?m??e’nā).There is a minor textual issue in Ru 1:21 ???????, to be read as ?????.Our (manual) modifications are as follows:to handle qamets chatuf where applicable (ā → o, i.e. long a → short o), which we also have made bold.to represent the long o with mater lectionis (wō → ?).to represent the long e grave with mater lectionis (ey → è).to remove silent shewa (e.g. wayyēle?? → wayyēle?).to restore hé where it has mistakenly been taken as a mater lectionis, also changing the diacritic on the "a" (e.g. Ruth 1:4, l?em → lāhem).To double ?????? to give bbggddkkpptt where they contain dagesh forte (e.g. Ru 1:10 ’itā?? → ’ittā?). To be explained in class.I don't know why a raised a is used, and I have transliterated normally (e.g. ma??l?n → ma?l?n).The divine name, the tetragrammaton, Jehovah in the AV, has been put in square brackets [y?hw?].TRANSLITERATIONHEBREWRuth 1:1way?h? b?mê ??fō? ha??ōf???m way?h? rā‘ā? bā’āre? wayyēle? ’?? mibê? le?em y?h??? lā??r bi???ê m?’ā? h?’ w?’i??t? ???nê ?ānāyw:???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?Ruth 1:2w??ēm hā’?? ’??l?mele? w??ēm ’i??t? no‘?m? w??ēm ??nê-?ānāyw| ma?l?n w??ily?n ’efrā??m mibê? le?em y?h??? wayyā?ō’? ???ê-m?’ā? wayyihy?-?ām:??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?Ruth 1:3wayyāmo? ’?l?mele? ’?? no‘?m? wati??ā’ēr h?’ ??nê ?ānèhā:????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?Ruth 1:4wayyi??’? lāhem nā??m mō’???y?? ?ēm hā’a?a? ‘orp? w??ēm ha??ēn?? r?? wayyē???? ?ām k?‘e?er ?ān?m:???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?Ruth 1:5wayyām??? ?am-??nêhem ma?l?n w??ily?n wati??ā’ēr hā’i??? mi???nê y?lā?èhā ?mē’??āh:???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?Ruth 1:6watāqom h?’ w??allō?èhā watā?ā? mi????ê m?’ā? k? ?ām?‘? bi???ēh m?’ā? k?-fāqa? [y?hw?] ’e?-‘amm? lā?ē? lāhem lā?em:????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?Ruth 1:7watē?ē’ min-hammāq?m ’??er hāy???-?āmm? ???tê ?allō?èhā ‘immāh watēla?n? ?adere? lā??? ’el-’ere? y?h???:????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?Ruth 1:8watō’mer no‘?m? li??tê ?allō?èhā lē?n? ??ō?n? ’i??? l??ê? ’immāh?*y?‘??eh **y?‘a??[y?hw?] ‘immā?em ?ese? ka’??er ‘????em ‘im-hammē??m w?‘immā??:?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? *???? **??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?Ruth 1:9yitēn [y?hw?] lā?em ?m??e’nā m?n??? ’i??? bê? ’??āh wati??aq l?en wati??e’n? q?lān wati??kèn?:??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?Ruth 1:10watō’marn?-llāh k?-’ittā? nā??? l?‘ammē?:????????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?Ruth 1:11watō’mer no‘?m? ?ō?n? ??nō?ay lāmm? ?ēla?n? ‘imm? h?‘??-l? ?ān?m b?mē‘ay w?hāy? lā?em la’?nā??m:?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?Ruth 1:12?ō?n? ??nō?ay lē?nā k? zāqant? mihy?? l?’?? k? ’āmart? ye?-l? ?iqw? gam hāy??? hallayl? l?’?? w??am yāla?t? ?ān?m:????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?Ruth 1:13h?l?ēn t??abērn? ‘a? ’??er yi?dāl? h?lāhēn tē‘ā?ēn? l??ilt? h?y?? l?’?? ’al b?nō?ay k?-mar-l? m?’ō? mikem k?-yā??’? ?? ya?-[y?hw?]:???????? ? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ?Ruth 1:14wati??en? q?lān wati?kèn? ‘?? wati??aq ‘orp? l???m??āh w?r?? dā??q? bāh:????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?Ruth 1:15watō’mer hinnēh ?ā?? y??imtē? ’el-‘ammāh w?’el-’?lōhèhā ???? ’a??rê y??im?tē?:?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?Ruth 1:16watō’mer r?? ’al-tifg?‘?-?? l?‘oz??ē? lā??? mē’???rāyi? k? ’el-’??er tēl??? ’ēlē? ??a’??er tāl?n? ’āl?n ‘ammē? ‘amm? wē’lōhayi? ’?lōhāy:?????????? ????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?Ruth 1:17ba’??er tām??? ’ām?? w??ām ’eqqā?ēr kōh y?‘??eh [y?hw?] l? w??ōh yōs?f k? hammāwe? yafr?? bên? ??ênē?:?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?Ruth 1:18watēre’ k?-mi??’amme?e? h?’ lāle?e? ’itāh wate?dal l??abēr ’ēlèhā:????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?Ruth 1:19watēla?n? ??têhem ‘a?-bō’ān? bê? lā?em way?h? k??ō’ān? bê? le?em watēhōm kol-hā‘?r ‘?lêhen watō’mar?n? h?zō’? no‘?m?:????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?Ruth 1:20watō’mer ’?lêhen ’al-tiq?re’n? l? no‘?m? q?re’nā l? mārā’ k?-hēmar ?aday l? m?’ō?:?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?Ruth 1:21’?n? m?lē’? hāla?t? w?rêqām h????an? [y?hw?] lāmm? ?iqre’n? l? no‘?m? w[ayhw?] ‘ān? ?? w??aday hēr?‘?l?:?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?Ruth 1:22watā?o? no‘?m? w?r?? hamm?’???y? ?allā?āh ‘immāh ha??ā?? mi????ê m?’ā? w?hēmm? bā’? bê? le?em bi???illa? q???r ??‘ōr?m:?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ................
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