INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES



INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES

(Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci.)

Medicinal plants used in the treatment of some common diseases by the Kanwar tribal people in Chhuriya block Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh

Sohan Lal1 and Maheshwar Singh Sahu2

1, Department of Botany, Govt. Dr.B.S.B.A.College, Dongargaon, Dist. Rajnandgaon, (CG) – India

2, Department of Botany, Govt.G.S.G.P.G. College, Balod, (CG) – India

Abstract

The present study mainly focused on the indigenous treatment of some common diseases by the Kanwar tribalsof block Chhuriya,district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh state.About 33 plant species belonging to 24different families were recorded. Majority of the plant species described in the present paper were used in the treatment of Abscess, Boils, Burn treatment, Cuts, wounds, Eczema, Itching, Leprosy, Ring worm, Scabies, Skin disease, Chicken-pox, pimples stone, paralysis and gastro-intestinal diseases. Most of the herbal remedies were applied externally in the form of paste. There is an urgent need to explore and document the ethno medicinal plants used by the tribal and other communities of Chhattisgarh before such valuable knowledge vanishes.

Keywords: Ethno botany, Kanwar Tribal, Traditional knowledge, Chhuriya Block flora

Introduction

The central India forms one of the major ecosystems of the India subcontinent and constitutes a large tract of tropical dry deciduous and tropical moist deciduous forest types. The distinct tribes have rich indigenous traditional knowledge system on the uses of component of biodiversity for their daily sustenance like food, fodder, shelter and healthcare. The knowledge and utilization of local plants depends on the ethnic group they belong to and also their remoteness from the modern world. Botanically derived medicinal plants have played a major role in human societies throughout history and prehistory but with the development of modern civilization, use of allopathic drugs is at increasing rate and use of herbal drugs is either restricted to few communities or areas only.

The common tribal communities of area are Baiga, Gond, Bharia, Bhils, and Oraon. They are partially or completely dependent on forest product for their survival (Chopra et al., 1969, Jain, 1989). These wild plants meet most requirements from food to medicine, both men and domestic animals.

* Corresponding Author

E.mail.: sohangurupanch2753@

The use of large number of wild plants species to fulfill diverse requirement is largely due to the prevalence of diversity of vegetation in this subcontinent with dense humid tropical and temperate forest (Jain 1981). Gond tribal societies, related to sterility, conception, abortion etc. and the use of abort-facients. Very little work has been done on the ethno-gynecological use of plants in the treatment and health care program of women as evidenced by the literature and references (Sahu, 2010).

The Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh state is famous for natural resources, tribes and rich biodiversity. It is situated in 21005’ N and 81005’ E in the centre of the Chhattisgarh covering an area of 6, 39,628sq. k.m. It was formed on 26th January in 1973 by separating from the Durg district. It was originally called Nandgram. The river Shivnath and its tributaries Kharkhara, Sonbarsa, Amner, Surhi, Karra, Murkati, Sankari, Fonk and Hanf flow through the district.The main tribal area of Rajnandgaon is block Chhuriya it is full of natural beauty. Chhuriya is a located of south central in Rajnandgaon dist. of Chhattisgarh state. The latitude 20.6035742 and Longitude 80.7408429 are the geocoordinate of Chhuriya block. The total villages of this area are 218 and total population is 173997,the male population is 49580 and female population is 88637.and the ST population is 42. /. And 10./. People of Kanwar Chhuriya block. Chhattisgarhwhich has diversified topography, variable climatic condition, vast forest area and large ruler population including tribal communities provides an interesting area for ethnobotanical studies.

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Fig. 1: Showing map of study aria Rajnandgaon Distic Location of Chhuriya block.

Material and Methods

Observations are based on surveys conducted in Kanwar tribe dominated areas of block Chhuriya, district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh state.District during 2017 July- April 2018. Group interviews were organized bringing plants from selected locality and showing or talking local medicine men in to the forest, as suggested by Jain7. Information regarding plant i.e. local name, parts used, method of drug preparation, doses etc was gathered from the tribals as well as medicine men ‘Baidyas’. The plant specimens collected have been identified taxonomically taking references from authentic published literature and regional flora. Herbarium specimens prepared following the standard method.

Observation

The identified and collected plant samples were arranged and documented according to their local names, in different tribal and local languages

|S/No. |Family |Botanical name |Local name |Habit |Part of Use |Use |

|1 |Asphodelaceae |Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. |Ghritkumari |Herb |Leaf |The leaf Juice given in treatment for intestinal worms |

| | | | | | |in children. |

|2 |Amaranthaceae |Aerva lenata (L.) Juss. Ex |Bhithodi |Herb |Flower |Flower used of paralysis control. |

| | |Schult | | | | |

|3 |Anacardiaceace |Mangifera indica Linn. |Aam |Tree |Seed |Seed pest used of skin & wound problem control. |

|4 |Asteraceae |Chrysanthemum indicum Linn. |Sevanti |Herb |Whole part |Pest applies of wound control of few days. |

|5 |Caricaceae |Carica papaya Linn. |Papita |Shrub |Fruit |Ripening fruits used daily control of eyes problem, |

| | | | | | |Diabetes. |

|6 |Combretaceae |Terminalia chebula Retz. |Harra |Tree |Fruit |Anticancer, wound healing, Cold Cough use of fruit |

| | | | | | |powder. |

|7 |Convolvulaceae |Cuscuta reflexa Roxb |Amarbel |Herb |Stem |Stem juice control of Piliya Disease |

| | | | | | | |

| | |Ipomoea aquatic Forssk. |Karmata |Herb |Leaf |Leaf vegetable control of Paralyses disease control. |

| | |Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. |Kanda bhaji |Herb |Leaf |Ipomoea batatas, Sida wadifolli, Ipomoea aquatic leaves|

| | | | | | |mix of bone facture treatment of with pest apply bone |

| | | | | | |jointer. |

|8 |Crassulaceae |Bryophyllum pinnatum ( Lam.) |patharachur |Herb |Leaf |Hemorrhoids control of young leaves taken a few day. |

| | |oken | | | | |

|9 Euphorbiaceae |Embalica officinalis Linn. |Amala |Tree |Fruit |Fruits powder used of digestive system, blood |

| | | | | |purification. |

| |Euphorbia hirta Linn. |Dudhi |Herb |leaf |Leaves pest apply of skin and mucous membranes disease.|

| |Ricinus communis Linn. |Arnadi |Shrub |Leaf |Leaves Juice used protect damage liver recovery. |

|10 Fabaceae |Butea monosperma (Lam.) taub |Palas |Tree |Seed& Flower|Malaria, Hemorrhoids, control. |

| |Cassia fistula Linn. |Amaltas |Tree |flower |Flower juice used 500.m.l. water mix few day treatment |

| | | | | |of diabetes peasant. |

| |Cassia tora (L.) Roxb |Charota |Herb |Fruit |Fruits Powder use Liver & heart tonic. |

| |Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) |Kulthi |Herb |Seed , |Stone control of few day use. |

| |Verdc. | | | | |

| |Tarnarindus indica Linn. |Imli |Tree |Leaf |Leaves used in herbal tea taken of malaria fever |

| | | | | |control. |

|11 |Lamiaceae |Ocimum sanctum Linn. |Tulsi |Herb |Leaf |Tulsi young leaf can also be made into tea with a few |

| | | | | | |drops of honey mix control of cough. |

|12 |Linaceae |Linum usitatissimum Linn. |Alsi |Herb |Seed |Oil used Asthma & Heart treatment |

|13 |Malvaceae |Sida wadifolli Burm |Beliyaari |Herb |Leaf |Bones joint treatment |

|14 |Meliaceae |Azardirachta indica Linn. |Neem |Tree |Leaf, seed |Wound and skin worm control of leaf pest and oil use. |

|15 |Menispemaceae |Tinospora cordifolia ( Thunb. |Gilloy |Herb |Leaf |Leaf Juice used in daily use treatment of blood sugar |

| | |) Miers | | | |control. |

|16 |Moraceae |Ficus religiosa Linn. |Pipal |Tree |Fruit |Fruits powder treatment of Asthma. |

|17 |Myristicaceae |Myristica fragrans Houtt. |Jaiphal |Tree |Leaf |Young leaves pest you of wound and bone join used. |

|18 |Papaveraceae |Argemone maxicana Linn. |Pilikateri |Herb |Seed |Seeds are purgative used in skin disease. |

|19 |Plumbaginaceae |Plumbago auriculata Lam. |Chitrak |Herb |Leaf |Leaves powder mix with water treatment digestive |

| | | | | | |system. |

|20 |Poaceae |Cynodon dactylon Linn. |Dubrgass |Herb |Leaf |Malaria fever control of leaf juice one spoon few days.|

|21 Rutaceae |Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. |Bel, Sirphal |Tree |Leaf |Leaf Juice mix with honey used during fever & cold. |

| |Murraya Kuenigii (L) Sprengel |Mithaneem |Shrub |Leaf |Leaf Pest used Damage skin & skin. |

|22 |Solanaceae |Datura metal Linn. |Dhatura |Herb |Leaf |Leaf heat and mustarded oil mix of body part control of|

| | | | | | |hand Pain back ache problem. |

|23 |Zingiberaceae |Curcuma longaLinn. |Haldi |Herb |Flower |Flower juice in boil water mix applies with control of |

| | | | | | |Piliya disease. |

|24 |Zygophyllaceae |Teribulus terrestris Linn. |gokharan |Herb |Seed |Stone control of few day use. |

Results and Discussion

The paper reports were documented of ethno botanical uses of 33 plant species are described in which different parts of plants are used for different purposes for traditional medicine by people etc. 20 Herb, 09 Trees, 3 Shrub, are reported. For each species botanical name, family, local name, parts used, methods of preparation, administration and ailments treated are provided. Traditional healers are using these plants to cure many diseases like stomachache, headache, diarrhea, fertility problems, skin problems, cold, fever, cough, toothache, jaundice, wounds, diabetes, asthma, tuberculosis, bone fractures, urinary problems, and piles and poison (snake and scorpion) bites. Family wise distribution of medicinal plants shows Fabaceae is most dominant families with 5 species each and Euphorbiaceae was co- dominant family with 3 species, Convolvulaceae (03 species each), whileRutaceae, (2 species each), Zygophyllaceae, Zingiberaceae,Solanaceae,Poaceae,Plumbaginaceae,Papaveraceae,Myristicaceae,Moraceae,Menispemaceae,Meliaceae,Malvaceae,Linaceae,Lamiaceae,Crassulaceae,Combretaceae,Caricaceae,Asteraceae,Anacardiaceace,Amaranthaceae, andAsphodelaceae.(1 species each). The first-hand information on the medicinal plants used by the villagers was arranged alphabetically by genus and species name following as.

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Fig. 2: Distribution of plant as per their habit

PLANT PARTS USED

Whole plant (01), leaf (17), seed (6), flower (04), Stem part (01), Fruits (05).

Conclusion

Earlier studies on traditional medicinal plants also revealed that the economically backward local and tribal people of Chhuriya prefer folk medicine due to low cost and sometimes it is a part of their social life and culture. It is evident from the interviews conducted in different villages; knowledge of ethno- medicinal plants is limited to traditional healers, herbalists and elderly persons who are living in rural areas. This study concluded that even though the accessibility of medicine for simple and complicated diseases is available, many people in the studied parts of Rajnandgaon district still continue to depend on medicinal plants, at least for the treatment of some simple diseases i.e. cold, cough, fever, headache, poison bites, skin diseases and tooth infections. Well knowledge healers have good interactions with patients and this would improve the quality of healthcare deli- very. Due to lack of interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency to migrate to cities for lu- crative jobs, there is a possibility of losing this wealth of knowledge in the near future. It thus becomes neces- sary to acquire and preserve this traditional system of medicine by proper documentation and identification of specimen.

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Kanwar Tribals of the block Chhuriya, district Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh statefor their co-operation and sharing Traditional Knowledge during research work.

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Fig. 3: Family wise number of Ethnomedicinal plans found in study area

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How to cite this article

Lal S. and Sahu M.S. (2018). Medicinal plants used in the treatment of some common diseases by the Kanwar tribal people in Chhuriya block Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh. Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci., 9(9&10):5919-5924.

Source of Support: Nil; Conflict of Interest: None declared

Received: 14.09.18; Revised: 24.09.18; Accepted: 24.10.18

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