2020 Traditional Plants and Herbs Comprehensive Plant List - Navajo Technical University

Family 1 Cupressaceae 2 Agaricaceae 3 Agavaceae 4 Amaranthaceae 5 Amaranthaceae 6 Amaryllidaceae 7 Anacardiaceae 8 Apiaceae

9 Apiaceae 10 Asteraceae 11 Asteraceae 12 Asteraceae

13 Cactaceae 14 Cactaceae 15 Cactaceae 16 Chenopodiaceae 17 Cleomaceae 18 Fabaceae 19 Fabaceae 20 Fabaceae 21 Fagaceae 22 Lamiaceae 23 Oxalidaceae 24 Pinaceae 25 Pinaceae 26 Plantaginaceae

27 Rosaceae 28 Rosaceae 29 Rosaceae 30 Salicaceae 31 Solanaceae 32 Solanaceae

33 Solanaceae 34 Solanaceae

35 Solanaceae Family

36 Agavaceae

37 Amaranthaceae

38 Asclepiadaceae

39 Asteraceae 40 Asteraceae

41 Asteraceae

2020 Traditional Plants and Herbs Comprehensive Plant List - Tewa, Navajo (Dine), and Plains Apache

Species Juniperus scopulorum

Calvatia Yucca baccata Amaranthus hybridus Chenopodium album Allium geyeri Rhus trilobata Ligusticum porteri

Cymopterus acaulis

Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Helianthus annuus Thelesperma megapotamicum

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Cylindropuntia imbricata Escobaria vivipara Atriplex canescens Cleome serrulata Lathyrus eucosmus Psoralidium lanceolatum Robinia neomexicana Quercus gambelii Monarda pectinata Oxalis violacea Pinus edulis Pseudotsuga menziesii Penstemon barbatus

Fallugia paradoxa Fragaria ovalis

Prunus virginiana Populus tremuloides Lycium pallidum Physalis virginiana

Solanum jamesii Datura stramonium

Common Name Rocky Mountain juniper

puffball banana yucca amaranth lambsquarters wild Onion three-leaf sumac Porter's lovage/osha

Fendler's spring parsley,

rabbit brush/chamisa

sunflower Navajo Tea/cota

claret cup

cane cholla spiny star four-wing saltbush Rocky Mountain beeplant bush vetchling lemon scurfpea New Mexico locust gambel oak pony beebalm Violet wood sorrel pinon pine Douglas fir beard-lip beardtongue

apache plume Rocky Mountain strawberry

chokecherry quaking aspen wolfberry Virginia cherry/wild tomatilla

wild potato jimson weed

Tewa Name Khu

Tey Phaamu Suu Kisuu Si Ojohey beh Osa

tsimaha

Phung

Beni anyi Depheh

Sabeweh Povi

Jo Wansaveh waek'u Taanyae Whae Ovin pheh povi Pogonpheh Muusa pheh Kwae P'in tsutsegi Ojohey pheh T'o Tsey Thankhokhey povi

Phonyi P'inpabeh

Aveh Nana Sopa Tsigo otheh

Sagobeh Pojo

Nicotiana attenuata Species Yucca glauca

Amaranthus sp., A. retroflexus Asclepias sp.

coyote tobacco Common Name soapweed yucca

redroot amaranth milkweed

T'owa Saa Din? Name Tsa'aszi'ts'ooz

Naazkaadii

Ch'ilabe'?

Achillea millefolium Hymenoxys richardsonii

western yarrow

Hazeiyiltsee'i

pinque rubberweed, bitterweed N?'?shjaa' yilkee'?

Zinnia grandiflora

wild zinnia

Nii'ii'nilntshah?k??h

Use(s) Food - Used to make tea.

Food - Gathered and eaten. Other - Leaf blades processed and twinned into cordage. Food - Seeds gathered, roasted, ground, and cooked as a gruel. Food - Leaves boiled and eaten. Food - Stems and roots gathered to use as a condiment. Food - Berries eaten or used for tea. Medicinal - Roots chewed or made into tea to cure sore throats or respiratory issues.

Food - Leaves gathered and used as a condiment in stews.

Other - Stems used to make baskets.

Food - Seeds eaten Food - Leaves and stems used to make tea.

Food - Flowers eaten as a snack.

Medicinal - Fruit roasted and eaten, used as a pain killer. Food - Roasted and eaten. Food - Seeds roasted and ground to make gruel. Other - Pods boiled into paint for pottery. Food - Leaves boiled and eaten. Food - Stems eaten as a snack. Other - Branches used to make bow staves. Other - Branches used to make digging sticks. Food - Leaves used as a condiment and added into blood sausage. Food - Leaves eaten as a snack. Food - Nuts collected, roasted, and eaten. Ceremonies - Branches used in ceremonies. Food - Flowers eaten as a snack.

Other - Shoots used to make arrows. Food - Berries eaten.

Food, Medicinal, other - clubs Other - Trunk hollowed out and used to make drums. Food - Berries eaten. Food - Fruit gathered and eaten.

Food - Tubers gathered, packed with clay, and baked. Medicinal - Leaves mashed into a poultice and applied to topically as inflammation and pain medicine. Other, Medicinal - Leaves gathered, dried, and smoked. Use(s) Ceremonies, other - Roots used for soap; Roots used to wash hair and wash wool.

Food - Seeds ground and eaten; leaves and stems eaten like spinach.

Food, Medicinal - Plant eaten raw or boiled; Infusion of crushed, dried leaves taken for stomach troubles. Medicinal - Infusion of plant used as a wash for cuts and saddle sores. Medicinal, ceremonies, food - Soothing lotion for red ant bites; used as emetic in the Evil Way ceremonies; root bark used for chewing gum Medicinal - Plant used for throat and nose troubles.

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42 Berberidaceae 43 Betulaceae 44 Brassicaceae

45 Cactaceae

Mahonia repens Alnus incana Dimorphocarpa wislizeni

Opuntia polyacantha

46 Campanulaceae 47 Chenopodiaceae 48 Chenopodiaceae

Campanula parryi Atriplex confertifolia Salsola tragus

49 Chenopodiaceae Sarcobatus vermiculatus

50 Cupressaceae

51 Ephedraceae 52 Ericaceae 53 Grossulariaceae

Juniperus monosperma

Ephedra torreyana Arctostaphylos pringlei Ribes cereum

54 Juncaceae

55 Malvaceae

56 Nyctaginaceae 57 Pinaceae

58 Poaceae

59 Poaceae 60 Poaceae 61 Poaceae 62 Poaceae 63 Polygonaceae

64 Polygonaceae

65 Portulacaceae

66 Rosaceae

Juncus sp.

Sphaeralcea coccinea

Mirabilis multiflora Pinus ponderosa

Bromus tectorum

Muhlenbergia montana Phragmites australis Sporobolus cryptandrus Zea mays Eriogonum sp.

Rumex crispus

Portulaca oleracea

Cercocarpus montanus

67 Rosaceae 68 Rosaceae 69 Salicaceae

Purshia mexicana Rosa woodsii Populus sp.

2020 Traditional Plants and Herbs Comprehensive Plant List - Tewa, Navajo (Dine), and Plains Apache

oregongrape mountain alder spectaclepod

plains pricklypear

Parry bellflower

shadescale

prickly Russian thistle

black greasewood

oneseed juniper

Torrey morman tea pringle manzanita wax currant, gooseberry

rush

scarlet globemallow

Colorado four o'clock ponderosa pine

cheatgrass

mountain muhly common reed sand dropseed corn wild buckwheat

curly-leaf dock

little hogweed, common purslane mountain mahogany

Mexican cliffrose Woods' rose cottonwood

Tsech'ilndtl'iziyilt'aa'i Medicinal - Decoction of leaves and twigs taken for rheumatic stiffness.

K'ish

Other - Powdered bark used as reddish or brownish dye; branches used to make spears.

Nahasht'e'iid ibah?g?? Hosh niteel?

Aw??'ch?'?

Da'?k'oozh deen?n? Ch'il deen?n?

D?w?zhiishzhiin

Medicinal - Used to treat itchy or irritated skin (chicken pox, measles, cold sores, sunburn, and insect bites). Food, other - Fruit eaten fresh or dried, cooked in stew with dried peaches; Juice used to adhere buckskin cuttings and trimmings to the buckskin war shirt. Food, ceremonies - Eaten by pregnant woment who want a daughter; Used in Blessing Way ceremonies Food, other - Used to add salty flavor to corn roasted in a pit; rubbed on horeses to repel gnats in summertime. Medicinal, ceremonies - Poultice of chewed plants applied to ant, bee and wasp stings; used as blakening in the Enemy Way and Evil Way ceremonies.

Ceremonies, other - Used as 'mush sticks' to stir mush in the girls' puberty ritutal called kinaald?, and Navajo weddings; used in making red, yellow, and blue dyes.

Gad

Food, other - Berries eaten ripe; Bark and berries used as a green dye for wool; Wood used

Tl'oh azihii lib?h?g?? Dinastsoh

to make fence posts and hogan roofs; wood used for firewood; seeds for necklaces. Food - Branches used to make tea. Food - Berries used to make beverage; berries eaten raw or cooked.

K'?j?l'ah?

Ceremonies, food, other - Used in Evil Way, Night Way, and Moutaintop Way ceremonies;

fruit and leaves eaten raw, or cooked, or ground with cornmeal and made into bread; wood

used to make arrow shafts and the Navajo spinning stick.

Teeln?yiz? or

Medicinal, other - used for stomach troubles, skin irritations, and poisonous insect bites;

altx?i'tjik'aac?h Azee' ntl'in?

used as sandpaper to smooth bows. Medicinal, ceremonies - Infusion of roots and leaves used to stop bleeding; drink made from

Ts?d?d??h

plant for ceremonies. Medicinal - Plant used for rheumatism.

N?d?shch??'

Ceremonies, other - Used in ceremonies; used to build hogans, corrals, sweathouses, fence,

Y?'iibe'ets'os

and cradleboards, and fuel fires. Ceremonies - Used in Night Way chant, as blackening in the Evil Way and Hand Trembling

Way, and in medicine for the Night Way and Plume Way ceremonies.

B?'?zh??' L?k'aa'

Other - Navajo fiber, used in making of brushes and brooms. Ceremonies - Reeds used to make prayersticks for the Mountain Chant Ceremony.

Tl'ohtsohzh??' Naataa

Food - Seeds ground to make dumplings, rolls, griddle cakes and tortillas. Ceremonies, food - Pollen used in prayers and fruit is eaten.

Le'etsoh yiljaa'i

Medicinal - red root variety is used to treat blood poisoning, backache, sideache, venereal

disease, and other internal injuries. Whole plant is infused in water.

Ch'il bik?tl ??l litsoo?g?? Medicinal, ceremonies - Root and dried leaves used on sores; plant used to revive someone

who has fainted. Used in Holy Way and Lightning Way emetic (causes vomiting).

Tsegha' nilchi'

Medicinal, food - Plant taken for stomaches and smoked to induce vomiting; Seeds used for

Ts?'?sdaazii

food. Medicinal, ceremonies - Root and leaves used to treat stomach problems; Used as an emetic

in five- and nine-night ceremonies, used to make ceremonial materials and ceremonial

Aw??ts'??l

medicine. Other - Pounded branches and twigs used as an ingredient to make yellow, brown, or tan

Chh

Food, other - Fruits eaten for food; Wood used to make needles for leather work.

T'iis bit'' niteel?g?? Ceremonial - Roots used to carve ceremonial figurines.

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2020 Traditional Plants and Herbs Comprehensive Plant List - Tewa, Navajo (Dine), and Plains Apache

70 Salicaceae

Salix exigua

Family

Species

71 Asteraceae 72 Asteraceae

Asteraceae 73 74 Asteraceae 75 Asteraceae 76 Boraginaceae

Cactaceae 77 78 Caprifoliaceae 79 Cucurbitaceae 80 Cupressacease 81 Ebenaceae 82 Equisetaceae 83 Fabaceae

Fabaceae 84 85 Hippocastanaceae 86 Juglandaceae 87 Juglandaceae 88 Lamiaceae 89 Malvaceae 90 Moraceae 91 Moraceae 92 Phytolaccaceae 93 Poaceae 94 Poaceae 95 Poaceae 96 Sapindaceae 97 Typhaceae

Ulmaceae 98 99 Ulmaceae 100 Vitaceae

Ambrosia psilostachya

Artemisia ludoviciana Echinacea angustifolia

Liatris punctata Silphium laciniatum Lithospermum incisum Lophophora williamsii

Viburnum rufidulum Cucurbita foetidissima Juniperus virginiana Diospyros virginiana Equisetum hyemale Prosopis glandulosa Lespedeza capitata

Aesculus glabra Juglans nigra Carya illinoinensis Teucrium canadense Callirhoe involucrata Maclura pomifera Morus rubra Phytolacca americana Bouteloua curtipendula Hierochloe odorata Sorghum halepense Sapindus saponaria Typha sp. Ulmus rubra

Celtis laevigata Vitis vulpina

coyote willow

Common Name

cuman ragweed

sage echinacea

blazing star compass plant puccoon peyote

rusty blackhaw buffalo gourd Easter redcedar common persimmon horsetail honey mesquite roundhead lespedeza

Ohio buckeye black walnut pecan Canada germander purple poppymallow osage orange red mulberry pokeweed sideoats grama vanillagrass johnsongrass Western soapberry cattail slippery elm

hackberry frost grape

K'ei'lib?hi'

Plains Apache Name (Kiowa) tl'o'diich'iihi

Food, other - Leaves used to make beverage; branches used in basketry, braided straps. Use(s) Medicinal - Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.

tl'?ldilgydee

Medicinal - Infusion of plant used for stomach troubles or for lungs to treat phlegm.

yoohichishe'ize or 'izee'is??hee iz?taljb?je'?e j?l?chii izel?chihi xosd?szhot'?

dad?tl'its?e daach?'is'de gyad ts'iy??lzhhb?je'e

Medicinal - Roots used to numb sore teeth and to treat sore throats and coughs.

Food - Root edible Food - sap used a chewing gum Medicinal - Roots used for stomach problems and diarrhea Medicinal - Poultice applied for rhematic pains; decoction taken for colds/pneumonia/scarlet fever/tuberculosis/venereal disease. Food - Fruit edible Other - Leaves, stems, roots remedy fot screwworm in horses Medicinal, other - Berries chewed for canker sores; needles used as fragrance when burned; hFoodt - Frudit edidblte k 'l fl t '

koy?tl'oh

Other - Hollow stems used by children for whistles

n?d?skde

Food, other - Fruit pounded for food; leaves used for fodder.

d?ba' ?t' or k?lizh Medicinal - leaves made into a tea for colds

de'?t'' no apache name

Medicinal - Infusion of the inside of fruit taken as an emetic.

chiishch'iida

Food - Nuts used for food.

ch'ilxash??

Food - Seed edible

ts? sdeek?sh?'?ze

Medicinal - Leaves made into a tea to treat fever

tl'odi cheelebilaga 'il chi Food - Root edible

k'?l?tsowe

Other - Wood used to make bows.

id?kxah

Food - Fruit edible

k'??beh?b?shee no apache name

Food - Young leaves and stems boiled and eaten Other - Fodder; worn in battle by those who had killed an enemy with a lance.

tl'o'shigolchii

Other - Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses; leaves used as incense

no apache name

Other - Used as fodder; stems and leaves used to make grass whistles by children.

chishl?tsowe k'aazol ch'ilj

ts?ditl'its?? dalts'al

Other - Wood used for tent poles and fences Food - Rhizome edible Medicinal, food, other - Inner bark used as masticatory; used to make tea; branches used for saddle frames. Food - Fruit edible Food - Fruit edible

1 - 35 Tewa; 36 -70 Din?; 71-100 - Plains Apache

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