Natural History of Candy Project - New Century Academy



Natural History of the Candy Bar Project 45 pts

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Using fifteen of the captured specimens below (of your choosing), write a report on the evolutionary history of the kingdom Mellitus. Your report should include the following information:

1. A phylogenetic tree showing the speciation of candy over time. The rest of your report will depend on the classification you create in this tree, so make sure you have good reasons for your placements. You may or make your classification based on morphology, internal structure, development, DNA/carbohydrate sequence, or any other basis, as long as you can justify it scientifically. (10 points)

2. Kingdom, phylum, genus and species names for your candies. Assume that all species featured in this lab are members of the same kingdom, but it is up to you to decide on the rest of the Linnaean classification. (10 points)

3. A written explanation of your tree, containing the following parts:

a. Homologous structures (two examples) (4 points)

b. Analogous structures (two examples) (4 points)

c. Example of Convergent evolution (two examples) (4 points)

d. Extinction with a reason (two examples) (4 points)

4. Create one poster per group and turn in one packet per group

a. Neat (3 points)

b. Colorful with pictures (3 points)

c. All parts in on time (3 points)

HINT: Use a Latin dictionary or website to come up with species names. Mellitus is from the Latin word for “sweet” or “honey”.

BE CREATIVE, but be sure it’s PLAUSABLE

LIST OF CANDY BARS

Hersheys Snickers Twix

Butterfinger Almond Joy Mound

Salted Nut Roll 100 Grand Kit Kat

3 Musketeers Milkyway Baby Ruth

Nestle Crunch Pay Day Dove Chocolate Bar

Whatchamacallit Dove Dark Choc. Take 5

Heath Bar Zero Bar Nestle Crunch Crisp

Skor Bar 5th Avenue Milky Way Dark Choc.

Mr. Goodbar Oh Henry Caramello

York Peppermint Patty Reeces Hershey’s with Almonds

NutRageous Butterfinger Crisp Hershey’s Cookies&Cream

Kit Kat White Choc. Snickers w/ Almonds Dove Dark Chocolate Bar

Reeces White Choc. Twix w/ PB Snickers Dark Choc.

3 Muskateers Mint Hershey’s Caramel

Part One:

1. Decide on your 15 candy bars and fill in the table as you work.

|Candy Bar |Description of Characteristics |Kingdom |Phylum |Scientific Name |

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Part 2. Fill in the below table with your candy bars and derived characters. Then match the characteristics to the candy bars.

|Types of Candy Bars |

Character

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Part 3 Construct a cladogram using the above table as your guide. You will create the diagrams on a poster that includes the derived characteristics.

Part 4. Answer the following questions

1. Describe two examples of homologous characters from the diagram.

2. Describe two examples of analogous characters from the above diagram.

3. Describe an example of convergent evolution from the above diagram.

4. Write a paragraph description of a monophyletic clade.

5. A group of scientists has found a candy bar fossil. Their preliminary observations reveal two hollowed out structures in the fossil, one type of structure is smooth and the other is wrinkled. The bar seems to be intact and about half the size of a normal candy bar with a clear strata line running just under one of the surfaces. Laboratory results have come back with DNA evidence suggesting the bar was covered in chocolate and contained different type of sugar not found in a typical candy bar. The unknown sugar most resembles the sugar used in the candy coating of a modern day M & M. These sugars came from tissue found in the smooth surfaces of the hollowed out structures. Upon further investigation the scientists are currently suggesting M & M once filled the hollowed out structures. DNA evidence gathered from the tissue of the wrinkled hollowed out structure reveals the likelihood of raisons being part of this candy bar. After tissue sampling of the strata line, the scientists concluded that caramel ran the length of the bar just under one of the surfaces above both hollowed out structures.

A. Draw a picture of the fossil

B. Describe where the fossil might be placed on your clade. Justify your conclusion below.

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