Hypoglycemia (Low BG) and Hyperglycemia (High BG)
Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia
| |Hypoglycemia (Low ) |Hyperglycemia (High) |
| |(Generally less than 70 mg/dl( |(Generally above 200 mg/dl) |
|Time frame |Can happen quickly |Occurs more slowly |
| |Hunger / Nausea |Blurred vision |
|Early Symptoms |Trembling / Shaking |Excessive thirst |
| |Sweating |Increased urination |
| |Fast heart rate / Pounding heart |Intense hunger |
| |Tingling in hands /feet |Weight loss |
| |Numbness around lips |Dry skin / dry mouth |
| |Lightheaded, Headache |Tiredness / weakness |
| |Irritable |Wounds that are slow to heal |
| |Difficulty concentrating |Irritable |
| |Mood changes | |
| |Blurred vision |Nausea, vomiting |
|Late Symptoms |Slurred speech |Abdominal pain |
| |Lack of coordination |Heavy labored breathing/ |
| |Dizziness |Shortness of breath |
| |Sleepiness |Ketones in urine |
| |Confusion |Fruity breath |
| |Unconsciousness |Confusion |
|Treatment |15-20 grams of quick acting carbs: | |
| |(should raise BG* about 30-45 points) |Call Physician if BGs |
|Rule of 15: | |above 250-300 mg/dl |
|1) If BG* is low or you have |3-4 Glucose tablets |for two consecutive readings |
|symptoms, treat with 15 gms of carb|8-10 Lifesavers candies |or unsure why they are elevated |
|2) Wait 15 mins 3) Repeat BG |2 tablespoons Raisins | |
|check. 4) If BG less than |1/2 cup (4 oz) Fruit juice |Always take medications - don't skip |
|70 mg/dl or symptoms continue, |1 cup Non fat / Low fat Milk |Check blood glucose and |
|treat again |1/2 cup (4 oz) Regular Soda |urine for ketones as indicated. |
| |Have a snack if next meal is more than one hour away |Drink more water / fluids |
| |Glucagon if indicated |Keep log of symptoms |
|Causes |Too much medication |Too little medication |
| |(Insulin or pills) |(Insulin or pills) |
| |Missed a meal or snack |Too much food |
| |Incorrect carbohydrate counting |Incorrect carbohydrate counting |
| |Unusual / unplanned exercise |Illness / Infection, Stress |
| | |Too little exercise |
| | |Certain medications (e.g. steroids) |
* BG = Blood Glucose Carb = Carbohydrate
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