BASKETBALL NOTES - Richmond County School System
BASKETBALL NOTES
History
The inventor of the game is Dr. James Naismith in 1891. The first basketball game was played at the YMCA in Springfield, Mass. The first hoop was a peach basket. Spalding made the first basketball and is the official ball of the NBA. The game began with 13 fundamental rules, which expanded over the years. The National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in 1949. The Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) began play in 1997. USA Basketball is national governing body for the sport in the U.S. and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) is the sport’s world organization.
Object of the Game
Each team tries to score points by shooting a ball into a basket while preventing its opponent from scoring. The team that scores the most points wins the game.
Field of Play
The court dimensions vary according to the level of play, as follows:
NCAA: 50 x 94 feet; NBA and WNBA: 50 x 94 feet; FIBA: 49 feet, 2.5 inches x 91 feet, 10 inches; HS: 50 x 84 feet
The basket is a metal ring with an inside diameter of 18 inches with a cord net hanging from it, set 10 feet above the floor.
The backboard is a rigid flat surface, either transparent or white, measuring 6 x 4 feet, with a 24 x 18 inch rectangle outlined above the basket.
The baselines mark the ends of the court and the sidelines mark the sides of the court.
A half-court line runs across the center of the court connecting the sidelines.
A free-throw lane (3 second lane) is at both ends of the court, with the following dimensions:
NCAA and WNBA: 12 x 19 feet; NBA: 16 x 19 feet; FIBA: 16 feet but widens to 19 feet at the end lines
A free throw line is in front of the lane semi-circle and parallel to end lines, 15 feet from the backboard.
A three-point line is in the shape of an arc around each basket with the following dimensions:
NCAA, WNBA, and High School: 19 feet, 9 inches from the center of the basket; NBA: 23 feet, 9 inches
FIBA: 20 feet, 6 inches
General Rules
Each team has five players on the court, usually a center, two forwards, and two guards. A point guard is the primary ball handler; the shooting guard is the top scorer. Substitutions are made when there is a dead ball (out of play). A sub reports to the scorer’s table and enters the on after being signaled to by the referee. A team moves the ball toward the goal by passing, tapping, rolling, or dribbling the ball. A team’s frontcourt is half of playing area in which it attacks the goal. The backcourt is the half in which a team defends the goal.
Game Length
NCAA / WNBA: two 20-min. halves, 15 min. half time
NBA: four 12-minute quarters, 15 minute half time
FIBA: two 20-minute halves, 10 minute half time
High School: four 8-minute quarters, 10 minute half time
Youth play; four 6-minute quarters, 10 minute half time
Scoring
A free throw is taken from the free throw line and counts one point.
A field goal may be shot anywhere on the court within three-point line and counts two points.
A three-point field goal is taken outside of three-point line.
If score is tied at the end of the regulation time limit, overtime periods are then played. In the NCAA, NBA, FIBA, WNBA, overtime periods last five minutes. In high school, they last three minutes.
Timing
Shot clock rule: The offense has a specific amount of time to shoot the ball and hit the rim to count as a shot attempt.
• NCAA: 45 seconds
NBA: 24 seconds
FIBA and WNBA: 30 seconds
Three-second rule: No offensive player can stand in the free throw lane in front his or her basket for more than three seconds.
Five-second rule: Teams have five seconds to get the ball into play after a basket or a free throw or upon gaining possession after an out-of-bounds.
Ten-second rule: The team gaining possession of the ball in its backcourt has ten seconds to move it into its frontcourt.
Procedure
A player receiving a live ball may: pivot by keeping one foot in contact with the court with no limit on the number of steps taken with free foot; dribble by bouncing the ball with one hand while walking or running; but the ball cannot be dribbled, held with both hands and then dribbled again -double dribble. (Traveling is moving without dribbling the ball.); pass the ball to a teammate; try to score
Fouls
Personal fouls are infractions involving contact with an opponent, whether the ball is in play or not, including the following:
Holding, pushing, charging, or tripping, interfering (blocking) with an opponent’s progress.
An intentional foul is a deliberate personal foul in which a player does not make a true attempt to play the ball or an opponent. The penalty is two free throws.
A flagrant foul is a violent contact that might cause injury. The penalty is two free throws and the offender is ejected from the game.
A technical foul is a violation by a non-player or a non-contact foul by a player or an intentional foul or flagrant foul when the ball is dead, including:
Delay of game, taking too many timeouts More than five players on the court; arguing with the officials Using profanity
Officials
A referee controls the game and works with one or two umpires, calling fouls or violations.
Referee Signals
[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]
3-pt FG Attempt 3-pt FG Made 3 Sec Violation 5 Sec Violation Blocking Double Dribble Holding
[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]
Intentional Foul Jump Ball No Score Over and Back Traveling Pushing Technical Foul
Basketball Court
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Basketball Court
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