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6 Archdale Road

Roslindale, MA 02131 |Mobile (716) 860-0641

reginacm@brown.edu | |Regina Campbell-Malone

Education

2001-2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA

MIT/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program

Ph.D., Biological Oceanography, June 2007

Michael J. Moore, advisor

1996 - 2000 University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY

B.S., Biological Sciences with a Concentration in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Distinguished Honors Scholar, University Honors Program

Graduated Magna Cum Laude

Research Experience

Guest Investigator, Brown University June 2008 – present

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Laboratory of Sharon Swartz Providence, RI

Postdoctoral Fellow, West Chester University September 2008 – March 2009

Department of Biology, Laboratory of Frank Fish West Chester, PA

Postdoctoral Investigator, Brown University September 2007 – May 2008

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Laboratory of Sharon Swartz Providence, RI

Postdoctoral/Guest Investigator, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution July 2007 – present

Biology Department, Laboratory of Michael Moore Woods Hole, MA

Graduate Student, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2001-June 2007

Biology Department, Laboratory of Michael Moore Woods Hole, MA

Graduate Student/Visiting Researcher, New England Aquarium September 2006 - present

Determined North Atlantic right whale bone material properties for finite element models Boston, MA

Research Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer 2001

Biology Department, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory of Mark E. Hahn Woods Hole, MA

Investigated the xenobiotic receptor Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR)

Research Fellow, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology 2000-2001

National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD

Investigated receptor dependent cell-signaling pathway under Dr. Barbara E. Bierer

Special Studies, Duke University Marine Laboratory Summer 2000

Nicholas School of the Environment Beaufort, NC

Graduate Courses: Conservation Biology and Marine Mammals

Modeled Manatee population dynamics and developed conservation effort guidelines

Research Intern, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Summer 1999

Space Life Sciences Training Program, Kennedy Space Center Cape Canaveral, FL

Studied the impact of Florida Current anomalies on coastal/estuarine spawning and larval migration

Research Intern, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry 1995

Department of Flow Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY

Investigated chemical stimulation and detection of lymphocyte apoptosis using flow cytometry

Teaching Experience

Adjunct Faculty, Brown University September 2007 – May 2008

Developed curriculum and taught upper-level Comparative Biology lecture & lab course Providence, RI

Tutor, Codman Academy Charter Public School Fall 2007 & Spring 2008

Provided individualized lessons supplementing grade 12 science curriculum Dorchester, MA

Summer Faculty, Children’s School of Science June 2008 – July 2008

Developed curriculum and taught inquiry based courses in Animal Behavior and Marine Biology Woods Hole, MA

Adjunct Faculty, Codman Academy Charter Public School Fall 2005 & 2007

Developed curriculum and taught inquiry-based High School Marine Biology Course Dorchester, MA

Guest Lecturer, Courageous Sailing Center July 2006

Designed and coordinated lesson plan for team-taught primer in local marine biology and coastal ecology Boston, MA

Guest Teacher, Mullen Hall Elementary Spring 2006

Taught ocean science curriculum designed to address national standards for fourth grade science Falmouth, MA

Guest Teacher, The Winsor School Fall 2004 – Spring 2006

Designed and facilitated lessons on marine mammal biology and marine science Boston, MA

Teaching Assistant, Evolutionary Biology, University at Buffalo August 1998 – December 1999

Graded assignments and exams and led laboratory sessions and dissections for 60 students per term Buffalo, NY

Teaching Assistant, Honors Colloquium, University at Buffalo Fall 1997

Graded assignments, led group activities and served as a mentor for freshmen honor students Buffalo, NY

External Competitive Grants

NOAA/NMFS Right Whale Grants Program Award October 2004

Principal Investigator, $216,000

Sounds Conservancy Grant Award Recipient May 2003 – May 2004

NSF Graduate Research Fellow 2002 – 2005

Awards, Certification & Honors

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography February 2007

Distinguished Student Speaker with Honors

WHOI Ocean Life Institute Award June 2006

Principal investigator, $5,000

Georgia Institute of Technology Focus Fellow January 2004

WHOI SeaGrant Award Recipient August 2002 – July 2004

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Presidential Fellow September 2001 – August 2002

University at Buffalo Distinguished Honors Scholar August 1996 – May 2000

NAUI S.C.U.B.A. certification May 1998

Committee Membership & Leadership Experience

WHOI Diversity Initiative Advisory Committee, member 2004 – 2007

WHOI International Committee, representative November 2002 – November 2003

Woods Hole Educational Assembly, student representative November 2002 – November 2003

Laboratory Skills

• Biomechanical loading of bone and soft tissues using MTS hydraulic test frame

• Extensive vertebrate/invertebrate dissection and necropsy experience

• Marine and Aquatic Animal Husbandry (Vertebrates & Invertebrates)

• Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

• Flow Cytometry/Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)

• Small animal surgery & measurement of physiological vitals

• Quantitative Computed Tomography (CT) and Radiography

• 2-D and 3-D motion analysis using ProAnalyst Software

• Microtomy & Histology/IHC slide preparation

• DNA/RNA extraction and quantification

• Gel electrophoresis (PAGE and DGGE)

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

• Molecular Subcloning

• Tissue culture

Field Skills

• Marine Mammal Necropsy

• NAUI S.C.U.B.A certification

• Shipboard Hydrocast deployment

• Phytoplankton/Zooplankton Identification

• Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) Sensor deployment & processing

• Cetacean and Equine behavioral observation & recording

• Cetacean acoustic recording & analysis

• Water quality analysis of lakes and estuaries

• Dredging and Seining

Research Cruises

Sea Education Association (SEA) Research Cruise Summer 2001

-two week North Atlantic cruise aboard the sailing vessel Westward

Right Whale Acoustic and Video Behavioral Studies February 2004

-day cruises in Cape Cod Bay with Nat’l Geographic film crew & the Center for Coastal Studies

Right Whale Acoustic and Behavioral Research Cruise August 2004

-three week Bay of Fundy cruise with Dr. Susan Parks (Cornell Univ.) aboard sailing vessel Rosita.

NSF Antarctic Research Cruise LMG-281 November-December 2004

-5 week cruise aboard the R/V Laurence M. Gould under chief scientist Dr. Ken Halanych (Auburn University) observing benthic organisms and planktonic larvae of Drake’s Passage and the Continental Shelf of Antarctica.

Public Service

Children’s School of Science, speaker, Woods Hole, MA 2005 - 2007

Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence - New England (COSEE), guest lecturer 2005

New England Board of Higher Education – Excellence Through Diversity Program, advisor 2004 – 2005

Woods Hole Science & Technology Education Partnership (WHSTEP), Falmouth, MA, mentor 2003 - 2006

WHOI Academic Programs, speaker 2003 - 2005

Cape Cod Stranding Network, Buzzards Bay, MA, volunteer 2001 - present

King Urban Life Center, Buffalo, NY, volunteer 1998 – 1999

Tender Loving Child Care Center, Buffalo, NY, volunteer 1996 - 1998

Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, volunteer 1995

Society Membership

Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2007 - present

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography 2007 - present

The Partnership/Keyspan College to Career Consortium, University Fellow 2005 – 2007

Society of Marine Mammalogy 2003 - present

MIT Black Graduate Student Association, member 2001 – 2007

Golden Key National Honor Society, member 1998 - present

Phi Eta Sigma National Honor Society, member 1998 - present

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, member 1998 – 2000

Invited Seminars/Functions

WHOI SeaGrant “Oceans Alive” Lecture April 2008

Title: Achilles’ Jaw? the biomechanics of fatal jaw fractures in right whales

Invited Scientific Expert Regarding Management of Right Whales February 2008

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD

Title: The biomechanics of mandibular fracture resulting from vessel-whale collisions.

Seminar for the Functional Morphology Group Meeting November 2006

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI

Title: From Floating Target to Fracture Trauma: The makings of a vessel-whale collision model

Moderator for In-house Diversity Discussions August 2006

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Seminar for the Biomechanics Group Meeting April 2006

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

Title: Achilles' Jaw: Material Properties of the Right Whale Jaw Bone and Soft Tissue

Abstracts and Conference Proceedings

Campbell-Malone, R., Baldwin, K.C., DeCew, J.C., Raymond, J.J. Tsukrov, I., Moore M.J. The Biomechanics of Fatal Mandibular Fracture Observed in North Atlantic Right Whales Killed By Vessels. Society for Integrative & Comparative Biology 2008 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX. (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Baldwin, K.C., DeCew, J.C., Raymond, J.J. Tsukrov, I., Moore M.J. The Biomechanics of North Atlantic Right Whale Bone: Mandibular Fracture as a Fatal Endpoint for Ship Strike Modeling. Society of Marine Mammalogy 2007 Biennial Conference, Cape Town, South Africa. (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Baldwin, K.C., DeCew, J.C., Raymond, J.J. Tsukrov, I., Moore M.J. Evaluation of Speed Restrictions from a Biomechanical Perspective. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2007, New Bedford, MA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Baldwin, K.C., DeCew, J.C., Muller, J.A., Raymond, J.J. Tsukrov, I., Moore M.J. From Floating Target to Fracture Trauma: The makings of a ship strike model. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography 2007, Santa Fe, NM (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Baldwin, K.C., DeCew, J.C., Muller, J.A., Raymond, J.J. Tsukrov, I., Moore M.J. From Floating Target to Fracture Trauma: The makings of a ship strike model. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2006, New Bedford, MA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Arruda, J., Muller, J.A., Tsukrov, I., Ketten, D.R., Moore, M.J. Morphology & Mechanical Properties of the Right Whale Mandible as a Model Bone for Ship Strike Mortality.

American Society of Mammalogy Conference 2006, Amherst, MA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Daoust, P-Y., De Guise, S., Ketten, D.R. Moore, M. J. Interpretation of the timing and pathology of mandibular fractures in right whales hit by ships. Society of Marine Mammalogy 2005 Biennial Conference, San Diego, CA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Arruda, J., Daoust, P-Y., De Guise, S., Doyle, K., Ketten, D.R., Moore, M. J. Bones Beyond the Beach: Investigating bone lesions discovered after necropsy. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2005, New Bedford, MA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Barco, S.G., Bogomolni, A., Knowlton, A.R., McLellan, W.A., Moore, M.J. Evidence of skull fractures and implications of ship strikes in right whales. Florida Marine Mammals Health Conference II (2005), Gainesville, FL (poster)

Campbell-Malone, R., Barco, S.G., Bogomolni, A., Knowlton, A.R., McLellan, W.A., Moore, M.J. Evidence of skeletal fractures and implications of ship strikes in right whales. North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium 2004, New Bedford, MA (oral)

Campbell-Malone, R., Barco, S.G., Bogomolni, A., Boyd, D., Daoust, P-Y., Dobbin, G., Hartley, D. Knowlton, A., Lovewell, G., Mase, B., McLellan, W.A., Moore, K. and Moore M.J. Necropsy findings from the examination of two female right whales detail catastrophic skull fractures and associated hemorrhaging indicative of fatal whale-vessel collision events. Northeast Regional Stranding Conference 2004, Portland, ME (oral)

Publications

Peer Reviewed

Tsukrov, Igor, DeCew, Judson C., Baldwin, Kenneth, Campbell-Malone, Regina, Moore, Michael J. Mechanics of the Right Whale Mandible: Full Scale Testing and Finite Element Analysis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. In Press.

Applicant’s level of contribution – 20%

Campbell-Malone, Regina, Barco, Susan G., Daoust, Pierre-Yves, Knowlton, Amy R., McLellan, William A., Rotstein, David S. and Moore, Michael J. Gross and Histologic Evidence of Sharp and Blunt Trauma in North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Killed by Vessels. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(1): 37–55, 2008. DOI: 10.1638/2006-0057.1

Applicant’s level of contribution – 85%

Cited by 2 peer-reviewed publications

Journal Impact Factor - 0.343

Thesis

Campbell-Malone, R., Biomechanics of North Atlantic Right Whale Bone: Mandibular Fracture as a Fatal Endpoint for Blunt Vessel-Whale Collision Modeling, Doctoral Thesis in Biological Oceanography. Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2007. Cambridge, MA. 257 pages. HU

Manuscripts in Preparation

Campbell-Malone, R., Moore, M.J., Muller, J.A., Tsukrov, I. Material Properties of the North Atlantic Right Whale Mandible: a fatal endpoint for vessel-whale collision modeling.

Status: in preparation for submission in May 2009

Applicant’s level of contribution – 85%

Campbell-Malone, R. Finite element modeling of rib fracture during vessel-whale collision events.

Status: in preparation

Applicant’s level of contribution – 100%

Biomechanics of North Atlantic Right Whale Bone: Mandibular Fracture as a Fatal Endpoint for Blunt Vessel-Whale Collision Modeling

by

Regina P. Campbell-Malone

Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology and the WHOI Biology Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

ABSTRACT

The North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, one of the most critically endangered whales in the world, is subject to high anthropogenic mortality. Vessel-whale collisions and entanglement in fishing gear were indicated in 27 (67.5%) of the 40 right whales necropsied between 1970 and December 2006. Of those, at least 9 deaths (22.5%) resulted from blunt contact with a vessel. To reduce the likelihood of fatal collisions, speed restrictions are being considered for vessels traversing critical habitat, although the effects of speed on collision outcomes have not been specifically evaluated from a biomechanics perspective.

The ultimate goal of a larger collaborative project is to evaluate the efficacy of speed restrictions for reducing blunt collision mortality using a multi-scale finite element model. Complete, transverse fracture of the right whale mandible, an injury seen only in right whales killed by vessels, is used as a proxy for mortality in the model. Vital for that model are the material properties and biomechanical behavior of the right whale mandible.

Here, the internal structure and physical properties of right whale jawbone tissue are reported. The average apparent densities, 0.4258 g/cc ±0.0970 and 1.2370 g/cc ±0.0535 for trabecular and cortical bone respectively, indicate that the bone is of relatively low density. Average ash content for trabecular bone (64.38% ±1.1330) is comparable with values from other species, indicating that low density results from a reduction of bone mass, not mineralization.

Mechanical properties of right whale bone (Young’s modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio) were determined via uniaxial compression testing. These data are incorporated into the finite element model simulating different loading conditions (e.g. vessel speeds) that likely lead to mandibular failure and thereby mortality from blunt vessel collisions. Model results (e.g. risk of fracture) are used to determine the effect of speed restrictions on collision outcomes.

References

Lorna J. Gibson

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts Avenue, 3-240

Cambridge, MA 02139

USA

617-253-2503 phone

617-253-8388 fax

HUljgibson@mit.eduU

Professor, Mechanical Engineering

Igor Tsukrov

University of New Hampshire

33 College Road - Kingsbury Hall W105

Durham, NH 03824

USA

603-862-2086 phone

603-862-1865 fax

HUigor.tsukrov@unh.eduU

Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering

Sharon Swartz

Brown University, Box G

Providence, RI 02912

USA

401-863-1582 phone

HUsharon_swartz@brown.eduU

Associate Professor, Functional Morphology

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