Chapter 8 Human Population - Weebly



Name: ___________________ Note: What is due on Monday? Chapter 8 Study Guide and the Population Calculation Worksheet (hot pink formula sheet and white problem sheet) rec’d on Monday. Please be safe during the long weekend!

Chapter 8

Human Population

Study Guide

Answer the following questions using your book.

China’s One-child Policy

1. What was the average number of children Chinese women had before this policy was made?

2. Why did the government institute this policy?

3. How does the one-child policy work?

4. Rural farmers and ethnic minorities are exempt from this policy? Why do you think that is?

5. Has the policy been successful?

What bad consequences have resulted from this policy?

6. In 2008, China had a catastrophic earthquake and many people lost the only child they had. What has the government done concerning this?

The human population is growing nearly as fast as ever –

1. Consider a time line … from the beginning of time to what years did it take for us to reach 1 billion people? How many years after that did it take for us to add another billion? And another billion?

1800 1930 ___?___ ___?__ ___?__ __?____

(1 billion) (2 billion) (3 billion) (4 billion) (5 billion) (6 billion)

2. Why is the annual growth rate, though less at 1.2%, still generating such fast increases in numbers?

*** Remember this rule of thumb!!! The 70 Rule! To figure out doubling time of a population divide the percentage growth rate into 70.

The difference between birth and death rates determines the rate of population growth. These rates are expressed as the number of births or deaths per 1000 people per year. For example, in 1991 the world’s birth rate was 27 per 1000 and the death rate was 9 per 1000. Using the formulas in your text, you can determine the world’s annual growth rate and doubling time based on the growth during 1991.

Percent annual increase = (birth rate - death rate) = 27 - 9 = 1.8%

10 10

Doubling time = 70 = 70 = 39 years

rate of increase 1.8%

3. Complete the following table by determining the percent annual increase and the population doubling time for each country. This table is based on the 1991 data.

|Country |Birth rate 1991 |Death rate 1991 |annual increase |doubling time |

|United States |17 |9 | | |

|Mexico |29 |6 | | |

|Japan |10 |7 | | |

|United Kingdom |14 |12 | | |

|China |21 |7 | | |

|India |31 |10 | | |

|Kenya |46 |7 | | |

|U S S R |18 |10 | | |

|South Africa |35 |8 | | |

|Italy |10 |9 | | |

|Denmark |12 |12 | | |

4. In 2003 the world’s birth rate was 27 per 1000 and the death rate was 9 per 1000. Calculate the growth rate and the doubling time of the world based on the 2005 data:

5. Direct comparisons to the 1991 data are difficult because of the political changes that have occurred since 1991, but fill in the chart on the back based on the 2006 data:

|Country |Birth rate 2006 |Death rate 2006 |annual increase |doubling time |

|United States |14 |8 | | |

|Mexico |22 |5 | | |

|Japan |9 |8 | | |

|United Kingdom |12 |10 | | |

|China |12 |7 | | |

|India |24 |8 | | |

|Kenya |40 |15 | | |

|Ukraine |9 |17 | | |

|Poland |10 |10 | | |

|Romania |10 |12 | | |

|Russia |10 |16 | | |

|South Africa |23 |18 | | |

|Italy |10 |10 | | |

|Denmark |12 |10 | | |

6. What are two reasons that some countries double much more quickly than others?

7. Which differs most from country to country, the birth rates or the death rates? What are some reasons for this?

8. Which countries have reached Zero Population Growth?

9. Which countries are experiencing a decrease in population? Why might this be occurring?

Why might a decreasing population be considered a problem in these countries?

10. The population growth of the U S is actually about 1.2 %, significantly higher than the rate that you calculated based on the birth and death rates. Where is the additional population coming from?

Is population growth really a problem?

1. What sorts of things have contributed to population growth?

2. What will quality of life be like as resources become scarce and do not keep pace with the population growth?

Some national governments now fear failing populations –

1. What is the IPAT model used for?

I =

P =

A =

T =

I = P x A x T

2. How more affluent countries (developed) impact resource depletion and usage in comparison to less affluent countries (developing)?

3. S =

4. What does the S take into account?

5. How do social institutions such as education, laws, and stability impact a population?

Read “Measuring the environmental Impact of Human Population” on pages 212 – 213.

6. How does the author aim to measure the impact of affluent populations on the environment?

7. What is happening in China as it becomes more affluent in terms of:

Agriculture –

Water supply –

Air pollution –

Traffic –

Demography

Demography is the study of the human population -

1. How do demographic studies help us understand populations?

2. What 6 main things do demographers study in populations?

3. What can be determined from population size alone?

4. In what areas is population density highest?

5. Lowest?

6. What does the distribution of populations have to do with resource availability and the human impact on it?

7. How does age structure impact a population in terms of reproduction and growth?

8. How does age cause stress on a countries economy?

9. What is happening in the US?

10. How does sex ratio in populations play a role in growth?

11. Is the sex ratio equal for boys and girls at birth?

12. Why do you think more boys are born than girls in some countries in the world?

13. How does culture play a part in gender?

*** Make sure you can interpret the age pyramids in Figures 8.10 – 8.12. You will see them on the test!

Population growth depends on rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration –

1. How are immigration and emigration impacting population growth in many countries today?

2. What about in the US?

Total fertility rate influences population growth –

1. What is TFR?

2. What is replacement fertility?

3. Why does replacement fertility in humans equal 2.1?

4. What has happened to infant mortality rates due to better medical help?

5. Why has increased urbanization caused a decline in TFR?

6. Why would rural areas want to have more children?

7. How does social security impact views on growing old?

8. How does education and women’s rights affect TFR?

9. If the TFR is below the replacement level what is occurring?

10. What is natural rate of population change?

11. What is the worldwide trend?

Some nations have experienced the demographic transition –

You have to understand this!!!

1. What is life expectancy?

2. What is the demographic transition model demonstrating?

3. Describe what is happening to the population and why in each stage of the demographic transition:

Pre-industrial stage –

Transitional stage –

Industrial stage –

Post-industrial stage –

4. Check out Figure 8.15. Draw and label the diagram below.

Is the demographic transition a universal process?

1. In what countries has the DT occurred?

2. In what type of culture do demographers anticipate the DT would fail?

Population and Society

Women’s empowerment greatly affects population growth –

1. Read “Fertility Decline in Bangladesh” on pages 222 – 223. How does poverty and overpopulation create a vicious cycle?

2. What do researchers feel is the reason for the decline in TFR in Bangladesh?

3. What was the Matlab Project’s goal?

4. What choices are women making that are playing a part in TFR?

Population policies and family planning programs are working around the globe –

1. What was the first country to implement population controls? What did they try to do? Did it work?

2. What is the two-child norm?

3. How has Thailand reduced population growth?

4. Read weighing the Issues, “US Involvement in International Family Planning”. Why did the US withhold funding to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)?

Poverty is strongly correlated with population growth –

1. What percent of the future population is expected to be born poor?

2. What is unfortunate about the fact that most future births will be to poor people when it comes to resources?

Consumption from affluence creates environmental impact –

1. How can wealthy nations impact the environment in a more negative way than poorer nations?

2. What percentage beyond our means are we living now?

Severe demographic changes have social, political, and economic repercussions –

1. What is happening to the future leaders of these countries afflicted with high cases of disease?

2. What is demographic fatigue?

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download