Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017
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Acknowledgments
Jessica Semega and Melissa Kollar prepared the income sections of this report under the direction of Jonathan L. Rothbaum, Chief of the Income Statistics Branch. Kayla Fontenot prepared the poverty section under the direction of Ashley N. Edwards, Chief of the Poverty Statistics Branch. Trudi J. Renwick, Assistant Division Chief for Economic Characteristics in the Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division, provided overall direction.
Susan S. Gajewski and Nancy Hunter, Demographic Surveys Division, and Lisa P. Cheok, Associate Directorate Demographic Programs, processed the Current Population Survey 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement file.
Kirk E. Davis, Raymond E. Dowdy, Shawna Evers, Ryan C. Fung, Lan N. Huynh, and Chandararith R. Phe programmed and produced the historical, detailed, and publication tables under the direction of Hung X. Pham, Chief of the Tabulation and Applications Branch, Demographic Surveys Division.
Nghiep Huynh and Alfred G. Meier, under the supervision of KeTrena Farnham and David V. Hornick, all of the Demographic Statistical Methods Division, conducted statistical review.
Tim J. Marshall, Assistant Survey Director of the Current Population Survey, provided overall direction for the survey implementation. Lisa P. Cheok and Aaron Cantu, Associate Directorate Demographic Programs, and Charlie Carter, Agatha Jung, and Johanna Rupp of the Application Development and Services Division prepared and programmed the computer-assisted interviewing instrument used to conduct the Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Additional people within the U.S. Census Bureau also made significant contributions to the preparation of this report. Gloria G. Guzm?n, Brian E. Glassman, Laryssa Mykyta, Bernadette D. Proctor, Bruce H. Webster, Jr., and Edward J. Welniak, Jr. reviewed the contents.
Census Bureau field representatives and telephone interviewers collected the data. Without their dedication, the preparation of this report or any report from the Current Population Survey would be impossible.
Anthony Richards, Amanda J. Perry, Christine E. Geter, and Janet S. Sweeney of the Public Information Office provided publication management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. William A. Burbano and George E. Williams of the Census Bureau's Administrative and Customer Services Division provided printing management.
Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017
Issued September 2018
P60-263
U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur Ross, Secretary
Karen Dunn Kelley, Performing the Nonexclusive Duties of the Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration Karen Dunn Kelley,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Ron Jarmin,
Performing the Nonexclusive Functions and Duties of the Director
Suggested Citation
Fontenot, Kayla, Jessica Semega, and Melissa Kollar,
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,
P60-263, Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC, 2018.
Economics and Statistics Administration
Karen Dunn Kelley, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Ron Jarmin, Performing the Nonexclusive Functions and Duties of the Director
Enrique Lamas, Performing the Nonexclusive Functions and Duties of the Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer
Eloise Parker, Acting Associate Director for Demographic Programs
David G. Waddington, Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division
Contents
TEXT
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Summary of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Caution for Historical Comparisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Household Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Type of Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Race and Hispanic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Age of Householder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Nativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Income Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Equivalence-Adjusted Income Inequality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Earnings and Work Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Race and Hispanic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Nativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Work Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Disability Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Educational Attainment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Depth of Poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Ratio of Income to Poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Income Deficit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Shared Households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INCOME AND POVERTY. . . . . . . . . 21 State and Local Estimates of Income and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Longitudinal Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Supplemental Poverty Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
SOURCE AND ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Redesigned CPS ASEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
U.S. Census Bureau
Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017 iii
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