Alignment of the California Standards for 11th Grade U.S ...
Alignment of the California Standards for 11th Grade U.S. History to the AP? U.S. History Curriculum Framework
Prepared by California state teachers and educators for the College Board, June 2012
Overview In an effort to better meet the needs of universities, teachers, and students the College Board has substantially revised the Advanced Placement Program? (AP?) U.S. History course. This redesign has resulted in the creation of a new AP? United States History Curriculum Framework (APUSHCF) that highlights four types of historical thinking skills and a set of learning objectives organized by seven course themes. In addition, it includes a concept outline ranging across nine historical periods. Each historical period of the concept outline includes three key concepts and specific supporting concepts. The California History-Social Science Standards (CHSSS) for United States History and Geography (Grade Eleven) consist of eleven content standards, divided into specific substandards, which are both thematic and chronological as well as three types of Historical and Social Sciences Analysis Skills. The purpose of this document is to help AP U.S. History teachers in California reconcile the APUSHCF with the demands of the CHSSS.
Skills The APUSHCF discusses four broad types of reasoning skills that should be developed by students during an AP U.S. History course while the CHSSS identify three intellectual skills that students should learn through a grade eleven U.S. History course. The respective skills are listed in the following chart. There is a high degree of overlap between the two skill sets.
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AP U.S. History Course Framework Historical Thinking Skills
Chronological Reasoning
Crafting Historical Arguments from Historical Evidence
Historical Interpretation and Synthesis
Comparison and Contextualization
California Historical and Social Sciences Thinking Skills
Chronological and Spatial Thinking
Historical Research, Evidence, and Point of View
Historical Interpretation
The first set of skills called for in each document emphasizes the student's ability to understand the concept of change over time. The APUSHCF includes the sub-skill of periodization in which the student learns to place events into particular groupings based on chronology while the CHSSS have an additional focus on the student learning how to place events into context as they relate to geographic locations. Teachers should note that the geographic element to the aforementioned CHSSS skill correlates well to the APUSHCF theme of "Environment and Geography (Human and Physical)".
The second skill type in both columns calls for students to be exposed to a variety of historical sources and to learn to evaluate their veracity. The APUSHCF emphasizes argumentation skills, while the CHSSS refrain from using the same term, but calls for a similar result, thus simplifying the task of the AP U.S. History teacher in California.
In the third skill set from both documents, the student learns how to interpret historical events using a variety of factors with a clear emphasis on avoiding viewing these events strictly through contemporary norms. The CHSSS have an additional focus on cost-benefit analyses and the APUSHCF includes a separate section on helping students develop skills necessary to utilize other disciplines in order to synthesize historical reflections.
California teachers of AP U.S. History will find that the fourth skill in the first column, Comparison and Contextualization, draws upon skills of Point of View and Spatial Thinking from the CHSSS. This skill set is manifested within the periodization approach set
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forth in the APUSHCF. Since the CHSSS are generally not organized in a thematic manner, it is important that the student be able to identify specific historical themes and analyze their impact and effect in different eras.
Themes The APUSHCF offers teachers a hybrid approach to organizing the course by including both a set of learning objectives organized around seven themes and a concept outline spread across nine chronological periods. The CHSSS differ in that there is no attempt to offer such specific themes or timeframes. However, the experienced teacher will quickly note that the eleven state standards include two that are predominantly thematic: 11.3 (the role and impact of religion) and 11.10 (federal civil rights and voting rights). The following table correlates the CHSSS with the seven themes found in the APUSHCF. The table is not intended to be exhaustive in that it excludes any topic found in the state standards from any of the seven themes, but it is simply a tool to aid teachers in connecting the two documents.
Learning Objectives The Learning Objectives have been organized into seven distinct themes to better help teachers organize the curriculum. Each theme has its respective learning objectives that guide the instructor from broad historical concepts to the specific events that shaped the course of American history. One should view the "Overarching Questions" and "Learning Objectives" as central questions and main ideas while the "particulars" are specific data points that a student will need to master in order to understand the eight themes.
In an effort to provide further detail, the concept outlines make direct references to the California History-Social Sciences SubStandards. This granularity is designed to ensure that the APUSH curriculum is in alignment with the state standards. By adhering to the thematic learning objectives, the teacher will ensure that his or her curriculum meets the rigorous demands of an AP course while simultaneously preparing students for the content demands of the state exams.
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APUSHCF Theme
Thematic Overview
California HistorySocial Sciences Sub-Standards
Identity
Identity is an exploration of what it means to be an American. This theme is present in a majority of the sub-standards for the CHSSS. It is specifically manifested in the following areas: immigration, religion, demographic patterns, and the struggle for civil rights for African-Americans, women and other minority groups.
11.1.4, 11.2.1, 11.2.3, 11.3.1, 11.3.4, 11.3.5, 11.5.2, 11.5.4, 11.5.5, 11.5.6, 11.7.3, 11.7.5, 11.10.1, 11.10.2, 11.10.3, 11.10.5, 11.10.7, 11.11.7
Work, Exchange and Technology
This theme is woven throughout the CHSSS. It focuses primarily on economic patterns and their impact on the environment and various groups as well as the increasing role of government in the economy. It also emphasizes dynamic changes in technology and their impact on the economy and California in particular.
11.1.4, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.5, 11.2.6, 11.4.5, 11.5.6, 11.5.7, 11.6.1, 11.6.2, 11.6.3, 11.6.4, 11.6.5, 11.7.6, 11.7.8, 11.8.1, 11.8.2, 11.8.3, 11.8.6, 11.8.7, 11.10.7, 11.11.3, 11.11.7
Peopling
Peopling is present in approximately half of the CHSSS. This theme is an analysis of how immigrants and migrants contributed to American pluralism and their impact on the economy and popular culture.
11.2.3, 11.3.3, 11.3.4, 11.5.5, 11.5.7, 11.6.3, 11.7.6, 11.8.2, 11.8.8, 11.9.7, 11.11.1
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Politics and Power
Politics and Power is the only theme that can be found in all CHSSS. This theme focuses on political institutions and their role and evolution in American history. It also examines the impact of expanding constituencies on politics and power. In California, this theme primarily applies to the framing of the Constitution, Progressive reforms, the New Deal, and the Great Society.
11.1.2, 11.1.3, 11.1.4, 11.2.4, 11.2.5, 11.2.7, 11.2.8, 11.2.9, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.3.5, 11.4.1, 11.4.2, 11.4.3, 11.4.4, 11.4.5, 11.4.6, 11.5.1, 11.5.3, 11.5.4, 11.6.2, 11.6.4, 11.7.5, 11.8.3, 11.8.4, 11.8.5, 11.9.3, 11.9.4, 11.9.5, 11.10.1, 11.10.2, 11.10.3, 11.10.4, 11.10.5, 11.10.6, 11.11.2, 11.11.4, 11.11.6, 11.11.7
America in the World
Even though CHSSS 11.4 focuses on the rise of America as a world power in the 20th century, this theme encompasses a broader perspective of America's interaction on the global stage. "America in the World" requires an explicit analysis of diplomatic, economic and military influences on foreign policy. In California, students will trace this theme from the rise of American imperialism in the Gilded Age through the Gulf War.
11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.2.6, 11.4.1, 11.4.2, 11.4.3, 11.4.4, 11.4.5, 11.4.6, 11.7.1, 11.7.2, 11.7.4, 11.7.7, 11.7.8, 11.9.1, 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.9.5, 11.9.6, 11.9.7
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