Handbook of Social Psychology

Handbook of Social Psychology

Ano

Edi??o N? Volumes Editores

1935

1?

2

Carl Murchison

1954

1?

1968/69

2?

1985

3?

1998

4?

2010

5?

2

Gardner Lindzey

5

Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aronson

2

Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aronson

2

Daniel T. Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, & Gardner Lindzey

2

Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, Gardner Lindzey

Psicologia Social II

Valentim R. Alferes

A HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

W. C. ALLEE

By GARDNER MURPHY

GORDON W. ALLPORT FRIEDRICH ALVERDES

LOIS BARCLAY MURPHY

0. E. PLATH

R . E.BUCHANAN

FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS

J. F. DASHIELL

THORLEIF SCHJELDERUP-EBBE VICTOR E. SHELFORD

WARRENS. THOMPSON

ERWIN A. ESPER

W. D. WALLIS

HERBERT FRIEDMANN

F. L. WELLS

EDWIN DEEKS HARVEY RAYMOND ROYCE WILLOUGHBY

MELVILLE ]. HERSKOVITS

CLARK WISSLER

CATHARINE Cox MILES

ADA W. YERKES

WALTER R. MILES

ROBERT M. YERKES

Edited by

CARL MURCHISON

VOLUME TWO

NEW YORK/ RUSSELL & RUSSELL

COPYRIGHT, 1935, BY

CLARK UNIVERSITY

REISSUED, 1967, BY RUSSELL & RUSSELL A DIVISION OF ATHENEUM HOUSE, INC. BY ARRANGEMENT WITH CLARK UNIVERSITY PRESS

L. C. CATALOG CARD NO: 66-24735

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

IX

PART I. SOCIAL PHENOMENA IN SELECTED POPULATIONS

1.

Population Behavior of Bacteria .

R. E. BucHANAN, Iowa State College

3

2. Social Origins and Processes among Plants

22

FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Carnegie Institution of Washington

3. Human Populations

49

WARREN S. THOMPSON, Scripps Foundation for Research in Popu-

lation Problems

PART II. SOCIAL PHENOMENA IN INFRAHUMAN SOCIETIES

4. Insect Societies

83

0. E. PLATH, Boston University

5. Bird Societies

142

HERBERT FRIEDMANN, United States National Museum

6. The Behavior of Mammalian Herds and Packs

185

FRIEDRICH ALVERDES, Zoological Institute, Marburg

PART III. HISTORICAL SEQUENCES OF HUMAN SOCIAL PHENOMENA

:l. 7. Social History of the Negro

207

MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS, Northwestern UniverSity

8. Social History of the Red Man

268

CLARK WISSLER, Yale University

9. Social History of the White Man

309

W. D. WALLIS, University of Minnesota

10. Social History of the Yellow Man

361

EDWIN DEEKS HARVEY, Dartmouth College

PART IV. ANALYSES OF RECURRING PATTERNS IN SOCIAL PHENOMENA

11. Language

417

ERWIN A . EsPER, University of Washington

12. Magic and Cognate Phenomena: An Hypothesis

461

RAYMOND ROYEE WILLOUGHBY, Clark University

13. Material Cui ture

520

CLARK WISSLER, Yale University

[xi]

PART V. ANALYSES OF SOME CORRELATES OF SOCIAl PHENOMENA

14. The Physical Environment

567

VICTOR E . SHELFOR.D, University of Illinois

15. Age in Human Society

596

WALTER R. MILES, Institute of Human Relations, Yale University

16. Sex in Social Psychology

683

CATHARINE Cox MILES, Institute of Human Relations, Yale

University

17. Attitudes .

798

GORDON W. ALLPORT, Harvard University

18. Social Maladjustments: Adaptive Regression

845

F. L. WELLS, Harvard Medical School

PART VI. EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF SOCIAL PHENOMENA

19. Relatively Simple Animal Aggregations

919

W. C. ALLEE, The University of Chicago

20. Social Behavior of Birds

947

THORLEIF SCHJELDERUP-EBBE, Universite Nouvelle de Paris

21. Social' Behavior in Infrahuman Primates

973

RoBERT M. YERKES, Yale University

ADA W. YERKES, Yale University

22. The Influence of Social Situations upon the Behavior of Children

Lois BARCLAY MURPHY, Sarah Lawrence College

GARDNER MURPHY, Columbia University

1034

23. Experimental Studies of the Influence of Social Situations on the Behavior of Individual Human Adults .

]. F. DASHII!LL, University of North Carolina

1097

Name Index

1159

Subject Index

1176

[xn]

HANDBOOK OF

Social Psychology

VOLUME I

THEORY AND METHOD

by

GoRDON W. ALLPORT

BERNARD BERELSON

EDGAR F. BORGATTA

RoBERT R. BusH

MORTON DEUTSCH

ALLEN L. EDWARDS

BERT F. GREEN

s. CALVIN

HALL

D. 0. HEBB

RoGER W. HEYNS

WILLIAM W. LAMBERT GARDNER LINDZEY RoNALD LIPPITT ELEANOR E. MACCOBY NATHAN MACCOBY FREDERICK MosTELLER THEODORE R. SARBIN MARTIN ScHEERER W. R. THOMPSON JoHN W. M. WHITING

Edited by

GARDNER LINDZEY

Harvard University

ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. READING, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. LONDON, ENGLAND

Copyright ? 1954

ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc. Printed in the United States of America

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS BOOK, OR PARTS THEREOF, MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHERS.

Library of Congress Catalog No. 54-5970 Third printing - March 1959

PREFACE

CONTENTS

pART 1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. The Historical Background of Modern Social Psychology by GoRDON W. ALLPORT, Harvard University

pART 2. CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMATIC POSITIONS

CHAPTER 2. Stimulus-Response Contiguity and Reinforcement Theory in Social Psychology

by WILLIAM W. LAMBERT, Cornell University

CHAPTER 3. Cognitive Theory by MARTIN ScHEERER, University of Kansas

CHAPTER 4. Psychoanalytic Theory and Its Applications in the Social Sciences

by CALVIN S. HALL, Western Reserve University, and GARDNER LINDZEY, Hamard University

CHAPTER 5. Field Theory in Social Psychology by MoRTON DEUTSCH, New York Univenity

CHAPTER 6. Role .Theory by THEODORE R. SARBIN, University of California

PART 3. RESEARCH METHODS

CHAPTER 7. Experiments: Their Planning and Execution by ALLEN L. EDWARDS, University of Washington

CHAPTER 8. Selected Quantitative Techniques by FREDERICK MosTELLER and RoBERT R. BusH, Hamard University

CHAPTER 9. Attitude Measurement by BERT F. GREEN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

CHAPTER 10. Systematic Observational Techniques by RoGER W. HEYNS and RoNALD LIPPITT, University of Michigan

CHAPTER II. Sociometric Measurement by GARDNER LINDZEY and' EDGAR F. BoRGATTA, Harvard Univenity

CHAPTER 12. The Interview: A Tool of Social Science . by ELEANOR E . MACCOBY, Harvard University, and NATHAN MACCOBY, Boston University

v

vii 3

57

91 . 143 . 181 . 223

. 259 . 289 . 335 . 370 . 405 . 449

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