PSY 450C – History of Psychology



PSY 471 – History of Psychology

Exam 1 Study Guide

Exam Format

• Multiple choice, short answer, matching

• Many of the items listed here involve definitions. Don’t just have the definitions memorized. Be able to apply them to a situation. You don’t need to memorize dates, but you should be able to distinguish different periods, e.g., ancient Greece v. 18th century Europe

What to know

• Everything from class, except where noted

• In addition to the class notes, know the topics from the text that are noted in each section below

• When a topic is covered in class and in the text, focus on the notes

• The class presentations of philosophers was designed to give an organizing framework for the philosophers. Know the main contributions of each philosopher that we mentioned in class. For some, that might be just one idea. For others (see below), there might be a few ideas. You don’t need to know biographical info about their lives

Chapter 1

All class notes for the presentations, “What Is History? What Is Science?” and “Life’s Big Questions”

From the text:

Historiography, presentism, historicism

Approaches to studying history: Zeitgeist, great-person, historical development, eclectic

What is science: empirical observation, correlational laws, causal laws

Karl Popper: falsifiability

Thomas Kuhn: paradigm; preparadigmatic stage, paradigmatic stage, revolutionary stage

Determinism, indeterminism, nondeterminism (free will)

Mind-body relationships: materialists, idealists; monism, dualism (focus on notes); rationalism, irrationalism

What is the origin of human knowledge: passive mind, active mind

Naïve realism, reification

Chapter 2

All class notes for the sections on “Ancient Roots of Modern Psychology…” and “Roots of Psychology in Early Greek Philosophy”

From the text:

Plato: Theory of forms; allegory of the cave; nature of the soul (three parts)

Aristotle: four causes; hierarchy of souls; laws of association, contiguity, similarity, contrast, frequency; golden mean

Chapter 3

All class notes for the section on “Between Aristotle and the Renaissance…”

From the text:

Skepticism: What it is; Pyrrho; dogmatist

Cynicism: What it is; Diogenes

Epicureanism: What it is; Epicurus

Stocism: What it is

Neoplatonism: Philo, Plotinus

Christianity: Jesus, Paul, Augustine

Avicenna

Scholasticism: Abelard, Aquinas

Chapter 4

All class notes for the section on “The Renaissance…”

From the text:

Humanism: Four major themes of Renaissance humanism

Petrarch

Erasmus

Luther

de Montaigne

Ptolemaic system

Copernicus’s heliocentric theory

Bacon: general view; view on induction v. deduction; positivism (class notes in next section)

Descartes: “Cogito ergo sum”; innate ideas; interactionism (class notes in next section)

Chapter 5

All class notes for the section on “Empiricism and Rationalism, 1600-1800”

From the text:

Empiricism

Hobbes: humans as machines, deductive method, empiricism, materialism, view on free will

Locke: view on innate ideas; sensation and reflection; emotions and their basis; primary and secondary qualities; associationism

Berkeley: “To be is to be perceived”; views on materialism, primary/secondary qualities, external reality

Hume: his goal; impressions v. ideas; analysis of causation; mind and self; emotions as motivations

Hartley: laws of association applied to behavior (these have implications for learning theory and theories of cognitive development)

John Stuart Mill: social reform

Bain: his goal; law of constructive association

Chapter 6

From the text:

Rationalism

Spinoza: pantheism; double aspectism; views on free will, self-preservation, emotion and passion

Leibniz: view on innate ideas; pre-established harmony; law of continuity

Reid: common sense; direct realism; faculty psychology

Kant: categories of thought; a priori concepts; categorical imperative

Herbart: view on faculty psychology; apperceptive mass; repression; limen; view on ed. psych.

Hegel: the Absolute; dialectic process; alienation

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