PSY 450C – History of Psychology
PSY 471 – History of Psychology
Exam 1 Study Guide
Exam Format
• Multiple choice, short answer, matching
• Many of the items listed here involve definitions. Don’t just have the definitions memorized. Be able to apply them to a situation. You don’t need to memorize dates, but you should be able to distinguish different periods, e.g., ancient Greece v. 18th century Europe
What to know
• Everything from class, except where noted
• In addition to the class notes, know the topics from the text that are noted in each section below
• When a topic is covered in class and in the text, focus on the notes
• The class presentations of philosophers was designed to give an organizing framework for the philosophers. Know the main contributions of each philosopher that we mentioned in class. For some, that might be just one idea. For others (see below), there might be a few ideas. You don’t need to know biographical info about their lives
Chapter 1
All class notes for the presentations, “What Is History? What Is Science?” and “Life’s Big Questions”
From the text:
Historiography, presentism, historicism
Approaches to studying history: Zeitgeist, great-person, historical development, eclectic
What is science: empirical observation, correlational laws, causal laws
Karl Popper: falsifiability
Thomas Kuhn: paradigm; preparadigmatic stage, paradigmatic stage, revolutionary stage
Determinism, indeterminism, nondeterminism (free will)
Mind-body relationships: materialists, idealists; monism, dualism (focus on notes); rationalism, irrationalism
What is the origin of human knowledge: passive mind, active mind
Naïve realism, reification
Chapter 2
All class notes for the sections on “Ancient Roots of Modern Psychology…” and “Roots of Psychology in Early Greek Philosophy”
From the text:
Plato: Theory of forms; allegory of the cave; nature of the soul (three parts)
Aristotle: four causes; hierarchy of souls; laws of association, contiguity, similarity, contrast, frequency; golden mean
Chapter 3
All class notes for the section on “Between Aristotle and the Renaissance…”
From the text:
Skepticism: What it is; Pyrrho; dogmatist
Cynicism: What it is; Diogenes
Epicureanism: What it is; Epicurus
Stocism: What it is
Neoplatonism: Philo, Plotinus
Christianity: Jesus, Paul, Augustine
Avicenna
Scholasticism: Abelard, Aquinas
Chapter 4
All class notes for the section on “The Renaissance…”
From the text:
Humanism: Four major themes of Renaissance humanism
Petrarch
Erasmus
Luther
de Montaigne
Ptolemaic system
Copernicus’s heliocentric theory
Bacon: general view; view on induction v. deduction; positivism (class notes in next section)
Descartes: “Cogito ergo sum”; innate ideas; interactionism (class notes in next section)
Chapter 5
All class notes for the section on “Empiricism and Rationalism, 1600-1800”
From the text:
Empiricism
Hobbes: humans as machines, deductive method, empiricism, materialism, view on free will
Locke: view on innate ideas; sensation and reflection; emotions and their basis; primary and secondary qualities; associationism
Berkeley: “To be is to be perceived”; views on materialism, primary/secondary qualities, external reality
Hume: his goal; impressions v. ideas; analysis of causation; mind and self; emotions as motivations
Hartley: laws of association applied to behavior (these have implications for learning theory and theories of cognitive development)
John Stuart Mill: social reform
Bain: his goal; law of constructive association
Chapter 6
From the text:
Rationalism
Spinoza: pantheism; double aspectism; views on free will, self-preservation, emotion and passion
Leibniz: view on innate ideas; pre-established harmony; law of continuity
Reid: common sense; direct realism; faculty psychology
Kant: categories of thought; a priori concepts; categorical imperative
Herbart: view on faculty psychology; apperceptive mass; repression; limen; view on ed. psych.
Hegel: the Absolute; dialectic process; alienation
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