Historical Research - IAUN
[Pages:9]Historical Research
Chapter 7
Islamic Azad University-Najafabad Saeedeh Shafiee 2015
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is Historical Research?
The systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe, explain, and understand actions or events that occurred sometime in the past.
There is no manipulation or control of variables as in experimental research.
An attempt is made to reconstruct what happened during a certain period of time as completely and accurately as possible.
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Purposes of Historical Research
To make people aware of what has happened in the past in order to:
Learn from past failures and successes Apply them to present-day problems Make predictions Test hypotheses concerning relationships or trends Understand present educational practices and policies
more fully
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps Involved in Historical Research
Defining the Problem Locating relevant sources
Documents Numerical records Oral statements Relics
Summarizing information obtained from historical sources
Evaluation of historical sources
Internal criticism External criticism
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Categories of Sources
Documents are written or printed materials that have been produced in some form or another.
Numerical records can be considered as a separate type of source in and of themselves or as a subcategory of documents.
Oral Statements are stories or other forms of oral expression that leave a record for future generations.
Relics are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past.
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Primary vs. Secondary Sources
A primary source is one prepared by an individual who was a participant in or a direct witness to the event being described.
A secondary source is a document prepared by an individual who was not a direct witness to an event, but who obtained a description of the event from someone else.
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internal criticism Accuracy, trustworthiness and veracity of materials Is the source the result of pressure, bias or vanity?
External criticism Authenticity and genuineness of data Is the source a forgery, a counterfeit or a hoax?
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Data Analysis in Historical Research
Historical researchers use the following methods to make sense out of large amounts of data:
Theoretical model leading to a content analysis Use of patterns or themes Coding system Quantitative data to validate interpretations
McGraw-Hill
? 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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