Period 4 Term Review: From the Jefferson Era to the Age of ...

Name:_______________________________________ Class Period:____ Due Date:___/____/____

Period 4 Term Review: From the Jefferson Era to the Age of Jackson, 1800-1848

Purpose: This term review is not only an opportunity to review key concepts and themes, but it is also an exercise in historical analysis. This activity, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the unit test date, is worth 10 bonus points on the multiple choice test. Section 1 is 5 points, and sections 2 & 3 together are 5 points. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. This is an optional assignment. Complete it in INK!

Directions: Below are some key terms pulled from the College Board Concept Outline for Period 4. These include "Terms to Know," "Illustrative Examples," and "Other Terms." Complete the charts by adding definitions and analysis of historical significance. When considering significance, consider causes and effects or how the item illustrates a major theme or idea from the era. Some entries have been completed for you.

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 4: Main Idea: The new republic struggled to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic, territorial, and demographic changes. Key Concept 4.1: The United States developed the world's first modern mass democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation's democratic ideals and to reform its institutions to match them. Key Concept 4.2: Developments in technology, agriculture, and commerce precipitated profound changes in U.S. settlement patterns, regional identities, gender and family relations, political power, and distribution of consumer goods. Key Concept 4.3: U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding its national borders, and isolating itself from European conflicts shaped the nation's foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

SECTION 1

The Terms to Know are items you are likely to see on a quiz or test. They are explicit in the College Board framework for the class, and you will be expected to

thoroughly understand them on the AP exam. Complete the chart by defining and analyzing each item. Prompts are included to help you focus your analysis on the most tested concepts, but also make sure you know simple definitions of each term.

Terms to Know

Participatory democracy Political parties

Debates Relationship between state and federal government

Definition, Examples, Context, and Historical Significance to Settlement in North America MAIN IDEA: The nation's transformation to a more participatory democracy was accompanied by continued debates over federal power, the relationship between the federal government and the states, the authority of different branches of the federal government, and the rights and responsibilities of individual citizens.

What were the agendas of the Federalist Party and the Democratic Republican Party? What were the agendas of the Democratic Party and the Whig Party? How did the Supreme Court impact the relationship between state and central government? How did the market revolution impact politics and policy? How did economic transformation impact sectionalism? How did economic change impact Southern identity and Sothern views on the role of government in defending slavery?

Supreme Court decisions

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

Democrats and Whigs

Market Economy

Economic Systems and Loyalties

Regional Identity

Slavery

Terms to Know

International exchange

Second Great Awakening

Definition, Examples, Context, and Historical Significance to Settlement in North America MAIN IDEA: Concurrent with an increasing international exchange of goods and ideas, larger numbers of Americans began struggling with how to match democratic political ideals to political institutions and social realities.

How did increased interaction with foreign nations as well as increased interaction among American regions impact the conflict between democracy and social reality of inequality of race and gender? Explain how the Second Great Awakening and romanticism impacted social activism. Compare the successful attempts to limit slavery to the racist policies that parallel them. How did this conflict impact the nation? Compare the viewpoints of those in support of slavery to those who wanted to abolish it. To what extent were anti-black policies consistent with anti-Indian policy and anti-immigrant policy?

Romanticism Reforms Abolition Women's Rights

Slave Trade Free African Americans Emancipation Plans Proslavery Arguments

Anti-Black sentiments Anti-Indian policies

Xenophobia

National culture

Old World New World ideas

MAIN IDEA: While Americans celebrated their nation's progress toward a unified new national culture that blended Old World forms with New World ideas, various groups of the nation's inhabitants developed distinctive cultures of their own.

How did new nationalistic and traditional forces blend to create a new national culture? What was unique about new American art, architecture, and literature? Compare cultures and beliefs among American Indian groups, women, free and enslaved Blacks, immigrant groups, religious groups, regional groups, and the urban middle class. How did African Americans react to the continuation of slavery in a time of increased democracy and global interaction?

American Indians

Women

Religious followers

Regional groups

Urban middle class

Enslaved and free African Americans

Social hierarchy

Abolitionist and reform movements

Terms to Know

Global market

Communications revolution Innovations

Textile machinery Steam engines Interchangeable parts Canals Railroads telegraph

Definition, Examples, Context, and Historical Significance to Settlement in North America MAIN IDEA: A global market and communications revolution, influencing and influenced by technological innovations, led to dramatic shifts in the nature of agriculture and manufacturing.

List and explain the ways innovation impacted communication, transportation, economic activity, and interaction between regions and global market. How did the market revolution impact women, low-skilled male workers, entrepreneurs, and farmers?

Semi-subsistence agriculture

Markets

Factories

Regional economic specialization

Southern cotton

Settlement patterns

National economy

International economy

American System

Free labor

Forced labor

Competing ideas: Labor systems Geographic boundaries Natural resources

MAIN IDEA: Regional economic specialization, especially the demands of cultivating southern cotton, shaped settlement patterns and the national and international economy.

Explain the impact of southern cotton on regional economic development and inter-regional market activity. How did the southern economic development in the Antebellum Era differ from northern and western economic development? Compare free and forced labor sources among each region (north, west, and south). Explain the goals of the American System. To what extent did the system accomplish those goals? Why was westward migration encouraged? How was it encouraged? How did westward migration impact the conflict and competition over labor, geographical boundaries, and natural resources?

Terms to Know

Market Revolution

Definition, Examples, Context, and Historical Significance to Settlement in North America MAIN IDEA: The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power.

Explain the impact of the Market Revolution on migration patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. Explain how immigrants and migrants impacted economic and cultural connections between the northern and western regions. How did the southern region differ from the other two? How did this difference fuel sectionalism? Explain changing class systems due to market revolution. What were the regional interests that increased sectionalism? What were the political issues that divided political parties and also fueled sectionalism?

Canals

Roads

Community systems

Migrants

Interdependence between Northeast and Old Northwest

The South

Gap between rich and poor

Middle and working classes

Gender and family roles

Regional interests

Economic issues: Slavery, National bank, Tariffs, Internal improvements

Foreign trade

MAIN IDEA: Struggling to create an independent global presence, U.S. policymakers sought to dominate the North American continent and to promote its foreign trade.

Explain how and why the U.S. struggled to remain isolated from European conflicts. Explain how the Louisiana Purchase illustrated economic interests of the Jefferson Era, and explain how the new territory impacted further interest in territorial expansion and international trade. In what ways did the U.S. successfully expand and define new boundaries?

National borders

European conflicts

Foreign policy

Government and private initiatives

Independent global presence

Louisiana Purchase

North American continent

Terms to Know

Definition, Examples, Context, and Historical Significance to Settlement in North America MAIN IDEA: Various American groups and individuals initiated, championed, and/or resisted the expansion of territory and/or government powers.

Explain how westward expansion impacted the public debate over free and forced labor. Explain how westward expansion impacted the public debate over American and American Indian relations. How did state governments resist policies and power asserted by the central/federal government? In what ways did Whites and American Indians clash on the frontier?

Public debates (regarding expansion)

State government resistance to central authority

Whites on frontier

American Indians

Lands in the West

National compromise

1820 Missouri Compromise

Over-cultivation

Sectional tensions

Slavery

Debate: National goals, Priorities, Strategies

MAIN IDEA: The American acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to a contest over the extension of slavery into the western territories as well as a series of attempts at national compromise.

Explain the causes and effects of the Missouri Compromise. Explain how over-cultivation impacted sectionalism.

You have now completed Part 1!

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