Monmouth, New Jersey



Monmouth, New Jersey

June 28, 1778

Volley and Bayonet

Battalion Scale

December 12, 2005

Scale: 1 SP = 100 men or 2 guns

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The British Main Army:

LTG Sir Henry Clinton AC

1st Division:

LTG Lord Charles Cornwallis AC

Artillery Brigade (Army troops):

Royal Artillery (2 x 12-pdr): 1-6 Heavy

Royal Artillery (2 x 5.5” how): 1-6 Field How

Royal Artillery (6 x 6-pdr): 3-6 Field

Rear Guard (Exhaustion 9):

BG William Erskine DC

16th Light Dragoons (313 with 200 horses):

LTC William Harcourt UC

1st Squadron: 1-6 Light Cavalry

2nd Squadron: 1-6 Light Cavalry

3rd Squadron (dismounted): 1-6 FI, SK

1st Light Infantry Battalion (698):

LTC Robert Abercromby UC

Left Wing/1st Light Infantry Bn: 2-6 FI, SK

Center/1st Light Infantry Bn: 3-6 FI, SK

Right Wing/1st Light Infantry Bn: 2-6 FI, SK

Royal Artillery (2 x 3-pdr): 1-6 Light

Queen’s Rangers (405):

LTC John Graves Simcoe UC

Left Wing/Queen’s Rangers: 2-5 FI, SS

Right Wing/Queen’s Rangers: 2-5 FI, SS

1st Battalion British Grenadiers (687) (Exhaustion 5):

LTC William Meadows UC

Left Wing/1st Grenadier Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Center/1st Grenadier Bn: 3-6 FI, Shock

Right Wing/1st Grenadier Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Royal Artillery (2 x 6-pdr): 1-6 Field

2nd Battalion British Grenadiers (678) (Exhaustion 5):

LTC Henry Monckton UC

Left Wing/2nd Grenadier Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Center/2nd Greandier Bn: 3-6 FI, Shock

Right Wing/2nd Grenadier Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Royal Artillery (2 x 6-pdr): 1-6 Field

Hessian Grenadier Brigade (Exhaustion 6):

Col. Henrich Julius von Kospoth DC

Linsing Grenadier Battalion (353): 4-5 SI, Shock

Minnigerode Grenadier Battalion (358): 4-5 SI, Shock

Lengerke Grenadier Battalion (405): 4-5 SI, Shock

Brigade of Foot Guards (@907) (Exhaustion 5):

BG Edward Mathew DC

Guards Light Infantry Company (@100): 1-6 FI, SS

1st Battalion Guards (@400):

Left Wing/1st Guards Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Right Wing/1st Guards Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

2nd Battalion Guards (@400):

Left Wing/1st Guards Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

Right Wing/1st Guards Bn: 2-6 FI, Shock

3rd British Brigade (Exhaustion 9):

MG Charles Grey DC

15th Regiment of Foot (322): 3-5 FI, NE

17th Regiment of Foot (298): 3-5 FI, NE

42nd Highland Regiment (624):

Left Wing/42nd Highland Regiment: 3-6 FI, NE, Shock

Right Wing/42nd Highland Regiment: 3-6 FI, NE, Shock

44th Regiment of Foot (316): 3-5 FI, NE

4th British Brigade (Exhaustion 9):

MG James Agnew DC

33rd Regiment of Foot (358):

Left Wing/33rd Regiment of Foot: 2-6 FI, NE

Right Wing/33rd Regiment of Foot: 2-6 FI, NE

37th Regiment of Foot (362):

Left Wing/37th Regiment of Foot: 2-5 FI, NE

Right Wing/37th Regiment of Foot: 2-5 FI, NE

46th Regiment of Foot (294): 3-5 FI, NE

64th Regiment of Foot (389):

Left Wing/64th Regiment of Foot: 2-5 FI, NE

Right Wing/64th Regiment of Foot: 2-5 FI, NE

5th British Brigade (Exhaustion 5):

BG Alexander Leslie DC

7th Regiment of Foot (321): 3-5 FI, NE

26th Regiment of Foot (297): 3-5 FI, NE

63rd Regiment of Foot (300): 3-5 FI, NE

American Main Army:

General George Washington AC

MG von Steuben CC

Continental Artillery[1] (Exhaustion 5):

BG Henry Knox DC

du Plessis’s Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 2-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 2-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 2-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (5 x 3/4-pdr): 3-5 Light

Light Brigade (Exhaustion 6): [not present in battle]

BG Daniel Morgan DC

Morgan’s Rifle Corps (250): 3-6 FI, SS

Picked Marksmen Battalion (450):

Left Wing/Picked Marksmen Battalion: 3-6 FI, SK

Right Wing/Picked Marksmen Battalion: 2-6 FI, SK

Monmouth Militia (@200): 2-4 SI, MIL

1st Monmouth New Jersey Militia

2nd Monmouth New Jersey Militia

2nd Burlington New Jersey Militia

Advance Corps:

MG Charles Lee AC

Lieutenant Colonel Eleazer Oswald (artillery) DC

Corps Troops (Exhaustion 2):

Jackson’s Detachment: 3-5 FI, NE

Jackson's Regiment (250)

Scott’s Brigade (@600) (Exhaustion 4):

Colonel William Grayson DC

4th-8th-12th Virginia Regiment (400):

Left Wing/4-8-12 Virginia: 2-5 FI, NE

Right Wing/4-8-12 Virginia: 2-5 FI, NE

Composite Grayson/Patton Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

Grayson’s Regiment (114)

Patton’s Regiment (113)

Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Arillery (2 guns): 1-5 Light

Varnum’s Brigade (@600) (Exhaustion 4):

Colonel John Durkee DC

Composite 4th/8th Connecticut Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

4th Connecticut Regiment (234)

8th Connecticut Regiment (233)

1st & 2nd Rhode Island Regiment (329): 3-5 FI, NE

Cook’s & Compston’s Bttys/3rd Cont.Artillery (2 guns): 1-5 Light

Lafayette’s Command:

MG Marquis de Lafayette CC

Wayne’s Detachment (@1000) (Exhaustion 6):

BG Anthony Wayne: DC

Livingston’s Battalion (@360): 4-5 FI

Stewart’s Battalion (@360): 3-5 FI

Wesson’s Battalion (@360): 3-5 FI

Seward/s Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (2 guns): 1-5 Field

Scott’s Detachment (@1400) (Exhaustion 8):

BG Charles Scott DC

Cilley’s Battalion (@360): 4-5 FI

Parker’s Battalion (@360): 4-5 FI

Gist’s Battalion (@360): 3-5 FI

Butler’s Battalion (@360): 3-5 FI

Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (4 guns): 2-5 Light

New Jersey Division:

BG William Maxwell CC

New Jersey Brigade (@1000) (Exhaustion 6):

Colonel Matthias Ogden DC

1st New Jersey Regiment (396): 3-5 FI, NE

2nd New Jersey Regiment (373): 3-5 FI, NE

3rd New Jersey Regiment (294): 2-5 FI, NE

4th New Jersey Regiment (234): 2-5 FI, NE

Randall’s Battery/Continental Artillery (2 guns): 1-5 Field

New Jersey Militia Horse (@50): 1-4 Light

New Jersey Militia Bde (@800) (Exhaustion 4):

BG Philemon Dickinson DC

Hunterdown Militia: 3-4 SI, MIL

1st Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

2nd Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

3rd Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

4th Hunterdown, New Jersey Militia

Middlesex Militia: 3-4 SI, MIL

1st Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

2nd Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

3rd Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

Somerset & Burlington Militia: 2-4 SI, MIL

1st Somerset, New Jersey Militia

2nd Somerset, New Jersey Militia

1st Burlington, New Jersey Militia

3rd Monmouth, New Jersey Militia

Left Wing:

MG William Alexander (Lord Stirling) CC

1st Pennsylvania Brigade (429) (Exhaustion 2):

Colonel William Irvine DC

Composite 1st/2nd Pennsylvania Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

1st Pennsylvania Regiment (221)

2nd Pennsylvania Regiment (118)

Composite 7th/10th Pennsylvania Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

7th Pennsylvania Regiment (175)

10th Pennsylvania Regiment (168)

2nd Pennsylvania Brigade (487) (Exhaustion 3):

Colonel Francis Johnston DC

Composite 4th/5th/11th Pennsylvania Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

4th Pennsylvania Regiment (157)

5th Pennsylvania Regiment (194)

11th Pennsylvania Regiment (90)

1st New York Regiment (387): 2-5 FI, NE

3rd Pennsylvania Brigade (438) (Exhaustion 2):

Colonel Robert Magaw DC

Composite 3rd PA/6th PA/Malcom’s Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

3rd Pennsylvania Regiment (107)

6th Pennsylvania Regiment (146)

Malcolm’s Regiment (72)

Composite 9th PA/12th PA/Spencer’s Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

9th Pennsylvania Regiment (117)

12th Pennsylvania Regiment (108)

Spencer’s Regiment (69)

Glover's 2nd Mass.Brigade (636) (Exhaustion 3):

BG John Glover DC

Composite 1st/4th Mass. Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

1st Mass. Regiment (232)

4th Mass. Regiment (249)

Composite 13th/15th Mass. Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

13th Mass. Regiment (250)

15th Mass. Regiment (197)

Patterson's 3rd Mass. Brigade (485) (Exhaustion 3):

BG John Patterson DC

Composite 10th/11th Mass. Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

10th Mass. Regiment (184)

11th Mass. Regiment (211)

Composite 12th/14th Mass. Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

12th Mass. Regiment (183)

14th Mass. Regiment (185)

Learned's 4th Mass. Brigade (373) (Exhaustion 2):

Colonel John Bailey (Learned sick absent) DC

Composite 2nd/8th Mass. Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

2nd Mass. Regiment (226)

8th Mass. Regiment (183)

9th Mass. Regiment (236): 2-5 FI, NE

Right Wing:

MG Nathaniel Greene CC

New Hampshire Brigade (754) (Exhaustion 4):

BG Enoch Poor DC

1st New Hampshire Regiment (242): 2-5 FI, NE

Composite 2nd/3rd New Hampshire Regiment: 2-5 FI, NE

2nd New Hampshire Regiment (195)

+3rd New Hampshire Regiment (109)

2nd New York Regiment (251): 2-5 FI, NE

4th New York Regiment (182): 2-5 FI, NE

North Carolina Brigade (425) (Exhaustion 2):

BG Laclan McIntosh DC

1st North Carolina Regiment (310): 2-5 FI, NE

2nd North Carolina Regiment (309): 2-5 FI, NE

1st Maryland Brigade (790) (Exhaustion 4):

BG William Smallwood DC

Composite 1st/3rd Maryland Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

1st Maryland Regiment (203)

3rd Maryland Regiment (282)

Composite 5th/7th Maryland Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

5th Maryland Regiment (183)

7th Maryland Regiment (278)

Delaware Regiment (211): 2-6 FI, NE

2nd Maryland Brigade (602) (Exhaustion 3):

Colonel Otho Williams DC

2nd Maryland Regiment (345): 2-5 FI, NE

4th Maryland Regiment (269): 2-5 FI, NE

6th Maryland Regiment (306): 3-5 FI, NE

Huntington's Connecticut Brigade (632) (Exhaustion 3):

BG Jedediah Huntington DC

1st & 7th Connecticut Regiments (551): 3-5 FI, NE

2nd & 5th Connecticut Regiments (485): 3-5 FI, NE

1st Virginia Brigade (711) (Exhaustion 4):

BG Peter Muhlenberg DC

1st-5th-9th Virginia Regiment (221): 2-5 FI, NE

Composite 1st/2nd Virginia State Regiment: 3-4 FI, NE

1st Virginia State Regiment (203)

2nd Virginia State Regiment (229)

The German Battalion (313): 2-5 FI, NE

2nd Virginia Brigade (587) (Exhaustion 4):

BG George Weedon DC

Composite 2nd/6th Virginia Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

2nd Virginia Regiment (154)

6th Virginia Regiment (47)

Composite 10th/11th Virginia Regiment: 3-5 FI, NE

10th Virginia Regiment (218)

14th Virginia Regiment (225)

3rd Virginia Brigade (475) (Exhaustion 3):

BG William Woodford DC

Composite 3rd/7th Virginia Regiments: 3-5 FI, NE

3rd Virginia Regiment (121)

7th Virginia Regiment (226)

Composite 11th/15th Virginia Regiments: 2-5 FI, NE

11th Virginia Regiment (152)

15th Virginia Regiment (146)

 

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NOTES:

1. British OB: Drawn from CO 5/96: British Forces under Clinton, May 23, 1778, British Casualties at Monmouth June 28, 1778, With Clinton, Neversunk, New Jersey, July 3, 1778; and Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by Todd W. Braisted, James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone (found online at ). I have taken the July 3 return of men fit and present and added back in the casualties from June 28. The victualling report contains more men, but all of them were not necessarily fit for duy. The guns with Knyphausen’s division are unknown in number. Clinton had with him 634 RA men, 261 RA drivers, 188 Hessian gunners, and 4 companies of the 2nd Bn/New Jersey Volunteers (129 men) as matrosses. In 1777, the British Main Army had 62 artillery pieces: 12 x 12-pdr, 30 x 6-pdr, 14 x 3-pdr (excluding Hessian guns, probably 10 3-pdrs – 2 per battalion excluding the battalions that had been at Trenton in 1776 and 2 guns for the jaegers – either 2 or 3-pdrs), and 6 x 5.5” howitzers; , plus 11 more captured at Brandywine (3 x 6-pdr, 4 x 4-pdr, 2 x 3-pdr, 1 x 5.5” how, and 1 iron 4-pdr). Given that only 2 x 12-pdr, 2 x 5.5” how, 10 x 6-pdr, and 2 x 3-pdrs were engaged in the battle, more than 46 guns (plus another 11 captured guns and 12 Hessian guns) were with Knyphausen’s Division. There was also a field train that in 1777 included: 10 x 24-pdr heavies, 8 x 12-pdr heavies, 4 x 8” howitzers, 4 x 13” mortars, 2 x 10” mortars, 2 x 8” mortars, and 6 x 5.5” mortars.

2. American OB: This is drawn from Lesser, Novak, Rees, and Lee’s Court Martial. Artillery returns are estimates based on which limited information exists about American guns. The individual returns were taken after the battle and total higher than what the regiments probably had that day. I’ve listed the brigade strength that was available on the day of the battle in the brigade title. Some returns sadly just don’t add up! Also each brigade had detached 25 men to the Picked Marksmen battalion with Morgan. Overall, the American Army had 13,504 men and officers present fit for duty on June 22, 1778, of which about about 600-800 were artillery, the rest infantry. I have excluded the “On Command & Extra Service” from the regimental totals as these men could have been in the area (such as in the Picked Marksmen Battalion), but many were probably detached far away from the battlefield. Additionally, the size of the detachments to the advance guard are often best estimates on my part. The American Artillery that left Valley Forge numbered 29 guns. In the battle, 12 guns were with Lee, 4 with Greene on Cobb’s Hill, and the rest (13) with Knox.

3. von Steuben and Lafayette: Both of these commanders can command any American units. Historically, they both acted as ad hoc commanders, especially after the initial American retreat.

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SOURCES:

CO 5/95 Militiary Dispatches 1777-78, TNA

CO 5/96 Military Dispatches 1778, TNA (British muster strengths)

Andre, John, Henry Cabot ed. Andre's Journal: An Authentic Record of the Movements and Engagements of the British Army in America From June 1777 to November 1778 as Recorded From Day to Day by Major John Andre, 2 vols. Boston: The Bibliophile Society, 1903.

Atkinson, Christopher T. "British Forces in North American, 1774-1781: Their Distribution and Strength." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 16 (Spring 1937), 3-23; 18 (Autumn 1940), 163-166; 20 (Winter 1941), 190-192.

Braisted, Todd W., James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone, eds. Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by (found online at ).

Ewald, Johann von, Joseph P. Tustin, ed. Diary of the American War: a Hessian Journal. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.

Howe, William. The Narrative of Lieut. Gen. Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the House of Commons; On the 29th of April, 1779, Relative to His Conduct, During His Late Command of the King's Troops in North America: To Which Are Added, Some Observations Upon a Pamphlet, Entited, Letters to a Nobleman. London: H. Baldwin, 1780.

Lesser, Charles H., ed. The Sinews of Independence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976. (May, 1778 & June, 1778 musters for American muster strengths)

Martin, David G. The Philadelphia Campaign, June 1777 - July 1778. Conschohocken, Pa.: Combined Books, 1993.

McHenry, James. Journal of a March, a Battle, and a Waterfall, Being the Version Elaborated by James McHenry From His Diary of the Year 1778, Begun at Valley Forge and Containing Accounts of the British, the Indians, and the Battle of Monmouth. Privately Printed, 1945.

Morrissey, Brendan. Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The Last Great Battle in the North. Oxford: Osprey, 2004.

Novak, Greg. The American War of Independence, Book One: the Northern Campaign. Calumet, Pa: Old Glory Corp. (American organization and July 1778 American muster strength)

Rees, John U. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix C “General lee being detached with the advanced Corps” Composition of Charles Lee’s Division. found at

__________. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix E “A large number of troops …” Continental and British Army Field Returns, 28 June 1778. found at

Lord Stirling, President. “Proceedings of a Court Martial”. The Lee Papers, vol. III, 1778-82. New York Historical Society 1874.

Ward, Christopher, The War of the Revolution, 2 vols. New York: MacMillian, 1952.

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[1] American artillery units from Knox’s command can also be commanded by any other American commander.

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