Reasons for Establishment of British Colonialism
Reasons for Establishment of British Colonialism
1. Trade
- vast amount of trade wit hChina
- Spices and Tea
- Opium trade
- Trading base needed between British India and China.
- Napoleonic Wars and the lease of Batavia.
2. Need for a New base
- Competition among European powers.
- Batavia returned to the Dutch in 1814.
- Dutch control of two main trade routes – Sunda Straits and Straits of Melaka.
- High tariffs imposed on British goods
- New base needed that could bypass the trade routes which ran through Asia.
Reaction to the Euroepan presence
1. Less xenophobic and vilent
- Britain seen as stabilizing area
- Mass migratin of Chinese miners – Ghee Hin and Hai Sans
- Piracy
- Succession disputes among Malay Sultans and Chifs.
2 General Malay Conciliation t othe British
- British tried not to interfere with internal affairs of Malay State
- Appoint British Residents
- Little opposition from Malay States
- There was no history of serious conflicts between Malay Sultans and British.
- Abdullah, Perak Sultganate invited British to sign the Pangkor Engagement.
- Perak
2. Chinese Request for Trade Protection
- 18743, 248 Chiense merchants including all the leading merchants in the Straits Settlements, petitioned to the British to protect their trade.
- Only Johor and the N Malay States excluded.
Responses to the Imposition of Colonial Rule
1. No significant protest to the establishment of British rule
- except for initial period.
- No real resistance
- Mutually beneficial between Sultans and british.
- British – commercial interests; Sultans to strengthen their positions.
- British enforce law and order in Malay states allowed for trade to flourish
- Economic and social benefits.
2. Chinese Cooperation
- concerned athat their livelihoods would suffer.
- Perak – Chinese willing to cooperate
- Larut War.
- Pangkor Treaty – disarm completely.
3. Revolts against the British
0- Sungei Ujong (district in Negri Sembilan)
1- Overtax Chiense miners by Sultans
2- British asked them to stop the unfair treatment
3- Skirmishes broke out
4- Small British force brought in to bring the area under control.
Perak
Establishment of British Colonial Rule
FMS
UFMS
SS
1909 – N Malay States
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