Conquest and Colonies
Conquest and Colonies WORLD HISTORY NOTES
DATE: ___________
The Americas by the 1700’s
➢ The lasting effects of exploration are shown here by this map.
➢ _________________________________________
Spain Builds an Empire
➢ Spain is among the first countries to successfully settle in the Americas.
o First areas settled
▪ ____________________
▪ ____________________
▪ ____________________
Spain in the Caribbean
➢ Encomienda System
o Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given:
▪ _______________________________
▪ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
➢ Native Americans endure:
o ____________________________________
o ____________________________________
How to get rid of the Native Population: Germ Warfare
➢ At the time of the Pontiac rebellion in 1763, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, the Commander-in Chief of the British forces in North America, wrote to Colonel Henry Bouquet: 'Could it not be contrived to send smallpox among these disaffected tribes of Indians? We must use every stratagem (trick) in our power to reduce them.'
➢ The colonel replied: 'I will try to inoculate the [Native American tribe] with some blankets that may fall in their hands, and take care not to get the disease myself.'
Why were the Native Americans so vulnerable to European disease?
➢ No domesticated animals in Americas, this is the origin of most diseases among humans.
➢ ________________________________________
o Small gene pool (less immune variety)
➢ ________________________________________
o Didn’t isolate the sick
Conquest of Mexico
➢ Cortes’ supplies:
o ____________________
o ____________________
o ____________________
▪ Ratio 1 : 10,000
o ____________________
➢ Cortes’ secret weapon
o Malinche was a slave woman who spoke several native languages, and was taught to speak Spanish.
▪ ____________________________________________________
➢ Hernan Cortes advantages against Montezuma
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. Horses (struck fear in Aztecs, never saw an animal like that before)
4. __________________________________________________________
➢ The Aztec Empire is set up in Mexico (Tenochtitlan)
o _______________________,Cortes defeats Montezuma, he is taken prisoner but fight breaks out and he dies.
Conquest of Peru
➢ Francisco Pizarro’s advantages on Atahualpa.
1. Incan Empire in Peru was already weaken do to smallpox.
▪ About ten years after the conquest of Mexico.
2. Atahualpa is a new leader
➢ Atahualpa is taken prisoner
o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Life in the Spanish Empire
➢ With the Aztecs and Inca out of the way, Spain starts empire building.
o ______________- Spanish king chose officials who ruled a large area in the king’s name.
▪ _____________________ = Spain’s economy is based on silver and gold.
➢ Reasons nations wanted colonies:
o _________________________
o _________________________
o _________________________
➢ Native American populations drop by __________%.
o Spain needs a new labor force (import Africans)
➢ Bartolome de Las Casas
o Sought to protect Native Americans, but also suggested the use of Africans.
▪ This becomes standard practice.
➢ ***_______________________________________________________________________________________________________. ***
The Portuguese in Brazil
➢ Spain and Portugal have built an empire in the Americas.
o ________________________________
➢ Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
o The agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas.
▪ __________________________
▪ __________________________
French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas
FRANCE
➢ France (New France)= Canada
o Not as wealthy as Mexico or Peru.
➢ Valuable Resources
o __________________________
o __________________________
France differs from Spain
➢ France doesn’t send massive amounts of colonists over to the Americas.
➢ France also doesn’t enslave the Native American population.
➢ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Dutch of New Netherland
➢ Bought the island of Manhattan
o Built a city called ______________________, but today it’s known as ________________.
➢ Dutch Colonies in the Caribbean produced sugar.
The English Colonies
➢ First successful colony is _____________! Although there are many previous attempts that are unsuccessful…
➢ Colonists included: ____________________
➢ Conflict later emerges between countries over claimed territory.
o __________________________________
British and French Conflict
➢ Disputed territory in the Ohio River Valley
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
➢ British win the war but at a high financial cost.
o __________________________________
To your knowledge what is a result from this?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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