Conquest and Colonies



Conquest and Colonies WORLD HISTORY NOTES

DATE: ___________

The Americas by the 1700’s

➢ The lasting effects of exploration are shown here by this map.

➢ _________________________________________

Spain Builds an Empire

➢ Spain is among the first countries to successfully settle in the Americas.

o First areas settled

▪ ____________________

▪ ____________________

▪ ____________________

Spain in the Caribbean

➢ Encomienda System

o Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given:

▪ _______________________________

▪ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

➢ Native Americans endure:

o ____________________________________

o ____________________________________

How to get rid of the Native Population: Germ Warfare

➢ At the time of the Pontiac rebellion in 1763, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, the Commander-in Chief of the British forces in North America, wrote to Colonel Henry Bouquet: 'Could it not be contrived to send smallpox among these disaffected tribes of Indians? We must use every stratagem (trick) in our power to reduce them.'

➢ The colonel replied: 'I will try to inoculate the [Native American tribe] with some blankets that may fall in their hands, and take care not to get the disease myself.'

Why were the Native Americans so vulnerable to European disease?

➢ No domesticated animals in Americas, this is the origin of most diseases among humans.

➢ ________________________________________

o Small gene pool (less immune variety)

➢ ________________________________________

o Didn’t isolate the sick

Conquest of Mexico

➢ Cortes’ supplies:

o ____________________

o ____________________

o ____________________

▪ Ratio 1 : 10,000

o ____________________

➢ Cortes’ secret weapon

o Malinche was a slave woman who spoke several native languages, and was taught to speak Spanish.

▪ ____________________________________________________

➢ Hernan Cortes advantages against Montezuma

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. Horses (struck fear in Aztecs, never saw an animal like that before)

4. __________________________________________________________

➢ The Aztec Empire is set up in Mexico (Tenochtitlan)

o _______________________,Cortes defeats Montezuma, he is taken prisoner but fight breaks out and he dies.

Conquest of Peru

➢ Francisco Pizarro’s advantages on Atahualpa.

1. Incan Empire in Peru was already weaken do to smallpox.

▪ About ten years after the conquest of Mexico.

2. Atahualpa is a new leader

➢ Atahualpa is taken prisoner

o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Life in the Spanish Empire

➢ With the Aztecs and Inca out of the way, Spain starts empire building.

o ______________- Spanish king chose officials who ruled a large area in the king’s name.

▪ _____________________ = Spain’s economy is based on silver and gold.

➢ Reasons nations wanted colonies:

o _________________________

o _________________________

o _________________________

➢ Native American populations drop by __________%.

o Spain needs a new labor force (import Africans)

➢ Bartolome de Las Casas

o Sought to protect Native Americans, but also suggested the use of Africans.

▪ This becomes standard practice.

➢ ***_______________________________________________________________________________________________________. ***

The Portuguese in Brazil

➢ Spain and Portugal have built an empire in the Americas.

o ________________________________

➢ Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

o The agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas.

▪ __________________________

▪ __________________________

French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas

FRANCE

➢ France (New France)= Canada

o Not as wealthy as Mexico or Peru.

➢ Valuable Resources

o __________________________

o __________________________

France differs from Spain

➢ France doesn’t send massive amounts of colonists over to the Americas.

➢ France also doesn’t enslave the Native American population.

➢ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Dutch of New Netherland

➢ Bought the island of Manhattan

o Built a city called ______________________, but today it’s known as ________________.

➢ Dutch Colonies in the Caribbean produced sugar.

The English Colonies

➢ First successful colony is _____________! Although there are many previous attempts that are unsuccessful…

➢ Colonists included: ____________________

➢ Conflict later emerges between countries over claimed territory.

o __________________________________

British and French Conflict

➢ Disputed territory in the Ohio River Valley

o _________________________________

o _________________________________

➢ British win the war but at a high financial cost.

o __________________________________

To your knowledge what is a result from this?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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