Mr. F's Classroom - Home



Focus Question:

What did the American colonies have in common with one another?

Desired Results

Content Knowledge Skills

|Geographic situation of 13 colonies and its implications |Map reading |

|Mercantilism and Salutary Neglect |Inference / analysis |

|Forms of early Self-Government |Annotation |

| |Prediction |

| |Reading for information |

Evidence of Learning

|Completed guided questions and predictions, Regents questions. |

Materials

|Lesson 7 PowerPoint |

|Geographic situation of the 13 colonies warm-up map activity |

|Mercantilism Guides Colonial Policy reading |

|Regents multiple choice question practice |

Do Now [10 minutes]

• Complete the 3 question geography exercise on student handout. [maps and questions on slides 2 & 3] Encourage students to do this quickly – 5 minutes, full sentences not required.

• Review responses. Emphasize the inference aspect of the question (the fact is the geographic reality, the inference is the students’’ analyses, the answer to the ‘so what’ question). Answers are below.

1. Notice where England (aka United Kingdom or Great Britain) is located on this map.  Why do you think the 13 British colonies of the United States were settled on the east coast of North America?

Response: Because it was closer to England, can get back and forth between the two by boat, when they sailed across the Atlantic ocean, it was the first land they hit as they went west to the “new world”

2. According to this image, which ocean were the colonies closest to? Why might access to this ocean be important to the economy and sustainability [ability to last / be maintained for a long period of time] of the colonies?

Response: Atlantic Ocean - Important to the economy & sustainability:  because of trade - can get supplies from other parts of the world & can trade natural resources, etc. for the health of the economy

3. What is the name of the mountain range that lines the western edge of the thirteen colonies? Why might the population have first settled east of this mountain range?

Response: the Appalachian Mountains (they run from Georgia to Maine). The mountains formed a natural barrier to settlement and to trade; the mountains are difficult to cross, especially when bringing goods for trade.

• Transition: Note that these geographic situations were common to all 13 colonies, as was their relationship to Britain regarding trade.

o Ask student to recall from Global History: What was a colony? Why did powerful countries want colonies?

• Emphasize that powerful European colonies like England / Britain wanted colonies to further enrich themselves. Introduce short reading about the system of trade they used to make sure they benefitted economically from the colonies. It was called mercantilism

Pre-reading [5 minutes]

• Students complete short sequencing exercise as way into reading.

• When complete, have a student read the sentences in order aloud. (After the second sentence, the order is not super important, but you can debate it.)

Pre-reading activity with answers:

Topic sentence: England's rulers saw the New World as a source of raw materials.

Sentence 2___B____ Sentence 3 __D___ Sentence 4 __C___ Sentence 5 _A__

1. Gold, silver, and even iron were shipped to English ports.

2. The American colonies were expected to export food and basic commodities to the mother country and their sister colonies.

3. Lumber, tar, and hemp from the colonies equipped England's growing navy.

4. In addition, the colonies produced indigo, cotton, and furs for the workshops of England.

Class Activity (reading) [20 minutes]

• Go to full reading and read the introductory paragraph aloud to class.

• Skip second paragraph if read already (they sequenced for pre-reading.)

• Have students complete the rest of the reading while annotating for gist, and answering the guiding questions, including the two predictions at the end.

Summary / Discussion:

• What similarities exist among the colonies: geographic, economic and political? [slide 4]

• Ask students to share predictions.

Exit Ticket / Homework

Complete Regents multiple choice questions on these topics.(Answers: 1.d; 2.d; 3.4; 4.a; 5.a)

Differentiation Extension

|Lead students through guided practice in annotating the reading, eliciting |Have students write a formal response to the focus question. |

|gist for each paragraph. |Supplement self-governance aspect with primary documents from this |

| |activity: |

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| |POk8/edit?usp=sharing |

Map 1: Location of the colonies relative to England - Accessed from: National Geographic Map Maker

[pic]

1. Notice where England (aka United Kingdom or Great Britain) is located on this map. Why do you think the 13 original British colonies of the United States were settled on the east coast of North America?

2. According to this image, which ocean were the colonies closest to? Why might access to ports and harbors along this ocean be important to the economy and sustainability [ability to last / be maintained for a long period of time] of the colonies?

Map 2: Original 13 Colonies - Accessed from:

[pic]

Pre-reading

Put the sentences below in order by using context clues and transitions.

Topic sentence: England's rulers saw the New World as a source of raw materials.

Sentence 2_______ Sentence 3 _______ Sentence 4 _______ Sentence 5 _______

a) Gold, silver, and even iron were shipped to English ports.

b) The American colonies were expected to export food and basic commodities to the mother country and their sister colonies.

c) Lumber, tar, and hemp from the colonies equipped England's growing navy.

d) In addition, the colonies produced indigo, cotton, and furs for the workshops of England.

Vocabulary

Commodities – raw materials such as lumber and furs and crops grown on farms

Indigo – a plant once used for blue dye Tar – a substance once valuable to keep wooden ships from rotting. Hemp – a plant once valuable for its use in making rope for shipping.

Excerpted and adapted from A more Perfect Union: American Independence and the Constitution Choices Program, Brown University, All rights reserved, choices.edu

Mercantilism Guides Colonial Policy

The rulers of England and other European nations believed that the colonies in the New World existed to strengthen the "mother country." England pursued a policy known as mercantilism which determined its economic and political relations with the American colonists.

What did the colonies send to England and what did they get in return?

This mercantilist policy led England's rulers to see the New World as a source of raw materials. The American colonies were expected to export food and basic commodities to the mother country and their sister colonies. In addition, the colonies produced indigo, cotton, and furs for the workshops of England . Lumber, tar, and hemp from the colonies equipped England's growing navy. Gold, silver, and even iron are were shipped to English ports.

Exports from America gave England an edge in its ongoing competition with the other European powers. The colonies contributed to England's wealth and made the mother country less dependent on imports from the European mainland. In times of war, England made use of the ships built in the colonies, drafted colonial sailors to serve in the English navy, and enlisted colonial militias to fight against other European powers in North America. England’s government passed laws that required the colonies to follow these policies. In return, the colonies were protected by the English military from attacks by England's European rivals and their Native American allies.

Vocabulary

Mercantilism – A profitable colonial economic system where a country imports raw materials from its colonies and sells products there.

Drafted – forced to serve in an army or navy

Militia – a small volunteer army unit, usually part-time

Rivals – competing enemies

Allies – cooperating friends

Discuss how mercantilism was designed to benefit both colonies and the colonial power

|The American colonies benefitted from mercantilism in these ways… |The English received many benefits from mercantilism including... |

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Salutary Neglect

From the earliest settlements until 1763, this mercantilist system and the relationship between the colonies and their mother country of England went relatively smoothly. The system worked mostly because the colonies often ignored the rules and traded with countries other than England. This kind of illegal trade is called smuggling and it was rampant. Even though many rules governed trade, England did not go out of its way to enforce them; they were busy fighting wars in Europe, for one. A historian described this period as one of Salutary Neglect and the label stuck. Neglect means to ignore or not pay attention to something and salutary means healthy or good, so salutary neglect refers to the time when England ignored the colonies, to the benefit of the colonies.

Self-Government

English laws applied to all the colonies, and each colony had a governor who was appointed by the King of England. However, as early as the first English settlements, colonists set up democratic structures to govern themselves. These structures were democratic, in that colonists decided issues that affected them. However, the colonies each only considered some people capable of making political decisions; women, enslaved people and those without property were all excluded from even these early forms of self-government.

The forms of self-government differed from region to region, but the following 3 examples are the most renowned (famous).

House of Burgesses: this was the name of the first law-making structure set up in the colonies in 1617. It was created in Jamestown, Virginia. There, Burgesses, who were elected, made decisions for the colony.

Mayflower compact: An agreement made on the Mayflower ship in 1620 on its way to New England to create a government to make laws for the colony.

Town hall meetings: Every town in New England had a town hall meeting house where public decision-making meetings were held.

Vocabulary

smuggling – trading illegally

Salutary Neglect – time period when Britain did not enforce strict colonial trade rules (until 1763)

rampant – widespread or common

renowned – well-known, famous

Predictions:

What could have happened between the colonies and Britain by 1763 to spoil this arrangement of Salutary Neglect?

What effect might all those years of colonial self-government have on the relationship between the colonies and England?

Sample USHG Regents Qs on this part of colonial American history:

1. In the colonial era, developments such as the New England town meetings and the establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses represented

a. Colonial attempts to build a strong national government

b. Efforts by the British to strengthen their control over the colonies

c. Steps in the growth of representative democracy

d. Early social reform movements

2. During the 1600s and 1700s, the fundamental goal of British mercantilism was to

a. Prohibit all exports of raw materials from the colonies

b. Encourage economic competition with the American colonies

c. Develop manufacturing within the colonies

d. Maintain a favorable balance of trade for Great Britain with its colonies

3. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

I._________________________________

A. House of Burgesses

B. Mayflower Compact

C. New England town meetings

1.British System of National Government in North America

2. Colonial Responses to the Practice of Salutary Neglect

3. British Attempts to Control Colonial Governments

4. Colonial Efforts at Self-Government

4. During the colonial era, the British promoted the policy of mercantilism to

a. Control the commerce of their American colonies

b. Promote colonial trade with France and Spain

c. Ban all trade between the British colonies in North America

d. Restrict the importation of enslaved Africans

5. Which geographic features had the most significant positive influence on settlement patterns and economic development in the British North American colonies?

a. rivers and harbors

b. mountains and plateaus

c. forests and deserts

d. prairies and lakes

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3. What is the name of the mountain range that lines the western edge of the thirteen colonies? Why might the population have first settled on the coast and rivers east of this mountain range?

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