CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE



CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE

15-4 & Chapter 16 (Sections 1-5)

15-4

Who attacked Harper’s Ferry in 1859? JOHN BROWN

In the election of 1860 there were 4 candidates.

They were from the following parties.

Northern Democratic - Party--------Stephen Douglas_candidate.

Southern Democratic - Party--------John Breckinridge- candidate.

Constitutional Union - Party--------John Bell- candidate.

Republican - Party---Abe Lincoln- candidate.

Lincoln’s name did not appear on ballots in most Southern states.

How was Lincoln able to win the Presidency even though he only received 40% of the popular vote?

the more populated Northern states OUTVOTED the less populated states.

There was an attempt at a compromise. Who proposed it? What did it say?

John Crittenden proposed it—it was a series of amendments that attempted to reinstate the Missouri Compromise. It failed.

The Confederate States of America were formed in Montgomery, Alabama when the following states met in February of 1861.

1. South Carolina 4. Georgia 7. Louisiana

2. Florida 5. Alabama

3. Texas 6. Mississippi

Who did they pick for their President? Jefferson Davis- former Senator from Mississippi

Inaugural Addresses:

Read both addresses found on page 450. How were both addresses similar?

Both addresses the speak of the possibility of civil war

REVIEW OVER THE MAP ON p.452

What was the first state to secede? South Carolina

When did this occur? December 20, 1860

Describe the importance of Fort Sumter.

Fort Sumter was a fort in Charleston Harbor. This fort was the site of the beginning of the Civil War when Confederate forces (under Beauregard) fired on the fort on APRIL 12, 1861. The fort surrendered about a day later after heavy bombardment.

16-1

The following states were all considered border states:

1. Delaware 2. Maryland 3. Missouri 4. Kentucky

Describe why each of the above was strategically important.

1. It is close to Philadelphia and key lines of transportation

2. surrounds the Union capital and is close the Confederate capital of Richmond

3. Controls portions of the Mississippi River

4. Controls portions of the Ohio River

Which Southern state had an area in it that opposed secession ? Viriginia

What state was formed as a result of it? West Virginia

Fill in as many facts for the two sides that you can find!

Union/ Northern Advantages Confederate/Southern Advantages

__Population _Strong support of white population

__railroad mileage _Better military leaders

__Natural Resources _Knowledge of the land

__Money _Better motivation-fighting for

__ Lincoln’s leadership homes/way of life

Union Disadvantages Confederate Disadvantages

_poor support _all listed Union ADVATAGES

_would have to fight and hold _ states rights idea – lacked power

hostile territory and population to solve Confederacy’s problem

_______________________ ___________________________

REVIEW OVER THE CHART ON P.462 on “Comparing Resources”

The Union’s original aim was to __Bring back the seceded states___.

The Confederacy’s original aim or goal was to__win recognition as independent nation__.

The Union strategy to win the war had 3 main parts:

1. Blockade southern ports

2. Control the Mississippi River

3. Capture Confederate capital of Richmond

The South had hoped that two foreign powers would come to their aid during the war. Those two foreign countries were France&Great Britain.

NICKNAMES: Union soldiers were known as Billy Yank & Confederate soldiers were called Jonny Reb.

16-2

The first major land battle of the Civil War was Bull Run or Manasas. It occurred JULY, 1861 in Virginia.

On the Union side , IRVIN MCDOWELL led the Northern soldiers and on the Confederate side they were led by BEAUREGARD & JACKSON .

This battle is important for several reasons:

“STONEWALL” JACKSON - earned his nickname

REBEL YELL- first heard (used by Confederates to intimidate)

George McClellan was put in overall command of the ARMY OF THE POTOMAC after the previous Union commander was removed from command following the loss.

Blockade runners were important because :_COULD SAIL IN AND OUT OF SOUTHERN PORTS AND SUPPLY THE CONFEDERACY WITH MUCH NEEDED GOODS__.

The famous Battle of the Ironclads occurred:

DATE- MARCH 9.1862

PLACE- HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA

UNION IRONCLAD- MONITOR

CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD- MERRIMAC/ VIRGINIA

The first Union victory of the war occurred April 6 & 7 at the Battle of _SHILOH.

The Union commander at this battle was _GRANT ( SHERMAN). The name of the battle comes from what? A SMALL CHURCH NEAR THE BATTLEFIELD

His nickname came from a previous battle where he ordered the “immediate and “UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER” of his enemy.

The Confederate city of NEW ORLEANS was captured by David Farragut in April of 1862. This city’s capture was important because:UNION NOW CONTROLLED LARGE PARTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER-ALSO THE CONFEDERACY’S LARGEST CITY WAS NOW IN UNION HANDS_.

Union commander McClellan first major “campaign” was known as the Peninsular. During this campaign there were a series of battles over several days—this would be known as SEVEN DAYS Battle.

This battle would be important to the South because what man took command during the battle due to an injury to another Confederate commander? ROBERT E. LEE

Also during this battle Confederate commander J.E.B. Stuart, who commanded the CAVLARY, circled the entire Union army gaining important information.

The first time the Confederates invaded Northern territory in the fall of 1862 the Battle of ANTIETAM occurred.

This battle is important because it is the single bloodiest day in American history- the date was SEPTEMEBER 17,1862.

The Union called this a victory because : THEY FORCED LEE TO RETREAT BACK INTO VIRGINIA

Lincoln was upset with McClellan following this battle and replaced him with AMBROSE BURNSIDE first & last name)

16-3

Following the Union victory at Antietam Lincoln decided to issue the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION _. This would take effect on JANNUARY 1ST - 1863date)

This would change the focus of the war—Explain!

NOW THE WAR WOULD BE WAGED TO BRING SECEDED STATES AND TO END THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN THE U.S. FOREVER!

Read the quote on p.474 concerning Lincoln’s views on slavery.

Why did he not decide to issue the document earlier in the war?

HE DID NOT WANT TO ISSUE SUCH AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT AFTER A LOST BATTLE BECAUSE IT WOULD BE VIEWED AS AN ACTION OF A DESPERATE MAN, IN A DESPERATE TIME.

Eventually the _13TH_ Amendment would abolish slavery officially in the United States.

The proclamation also allowed for the enlistment of African Americans into the Union army. Eventually they would make up 10% of the total Union army. They would also make up nearly 18% of the Union navy personnel.

The most famous African American Regiment was the 54 Massachusetts who displayed great bravery on an attack in July of 1863 outside the city of CHARLESTON , South Carolina.

16-4

The rifles of the Civil war had greater ACCURACY AND RANGE then previous muskets in previous wars.

Women served in the following professions during the war”

OFFICE WORKERS, GOVERNMENT CLERKS, TEACHERS, MANAGED FAMILY FARMS, FACTORY WORKERS, ETC.

This was the first time that women served as NURSES in large numbers. DORTHEA DIX organized women who wanted to serve as nurses. CLARA BARTON also helped organize aid and eventually founded the American chapter of the Red Cross.

Some women were also spies- List some facts about the following women

Rose Greenhow- CONFEDERATE SPY, HELPED BEAREGARD, WAS CAUGHT AND EXILED TO CONFEDERACY-DROWNED TRYING TO GET BACK INTO THE SOUTH

Belle Boyd- CONFEDERATE SPY, IN WEST VIRGINIA AREA, HELPED JACKSON GET INFO ON THE SHENDOAH VALLEY- MADE LIVING OFF HER EXPLOITS FOLLOWING THE WAR.

Some Democrats called peace or negotiating with the Confederacy. They were nickname _COPPERHEADS.

Lincoln did suspend some Constitutional rights during the war.

The right of habeas corpus was suspended. Explain what this right protects American citizens from? THIS PROTECTS CITIZENS FROM BEING JAILED INDEFINATELY WITHOUT A HEARING-BY SUSPENDING THIS LINCOLN COULD JAIL PEOPLE (INDEFINATELY) HE THOUGHT (BUT COULDN’T PROVE) MIGHT BE HELPING THE SOUTH

There was opposition to the war and both sides had to eventually draft soldiers to fill the ranks. The Union used BOUNTIES or payments or rewards to encourage soldiers to sign up.

Some opposition turned violent. In July of 1863 the Union experienced rioting, looting and murder over 4 days. These actions occurred in what city? NYC

Read the section on TECHNOLOGY AND HISTORY – CIVIL WAR CAMERA.

16-5

The Union army in the East was known as the Army of the POTOMAC. The Confederate army in the East was known as the Army of _NORTHERN VIRGINIA .

On December 13, 1862 – The Battle of FREDERICKSBURG occurred.

The Union leader AMBROSE BURNSIDE was defeated by Confederate general Robert E. Lee.

Following the defeat, JOSEPH HOOKER was the new Union commander. He attempted to crush Lee’s army in May at the Battle of CHANCELLORSVILLE_. This battle was devastating to the Confederates because:_STONEWALL JACKSON WAS ACCIDENTLY SHOT BY HIS OWN TROOPS AND LATER DIED_.

The most famous battle of the war was the Battle of Gettysburg- Explain how this battle happened “by accident”.—CONFEDERATE INFANTRY WENT INTO THE TOWN OF GETTYSBURG BECAUSE THEY HAD HEARD A (FALSE) REPORT THAT THERE WAS A SHOE FACTORY IN THE TOWN. UNION CAVLARY ENCOUNTERED THEM THERE AND THE BATTLE BEGAN—EVENTUALLY 150,000 MEN WOULD FIGHT OVER 3 DAYS.

Who was the Union commander at this battle? GEORGE MEADE

Following the Battle of Gettysburg- the important city of _VICKSBURG_ was captured by Union general U.S. Grant on July 4, 1863. Why was this victory so important to the Union cause? THIS GAVE THE UNION TOTAL CONTROL OF THE MISSIPPI RIVER

An important part of the war was to weaken the “heart” of the Confederacy. Union general William T. Sherman had won key victories in Tennessee.

He captured the Confederate city of Atlanta and then prepared to “MARCH TO THE SEA”. This march would go from Atlanta to SAVANNAH_.

This occurred in what year? 1864

This type of war was known as TOTAL WAR.

After Grant’s victory at Chattanooga, Lincoln said what about him?(p.488).

I CAN’T SPARE THIS MAN, HE FIGHTS!

REVIEW MAPS ON P. 488- 489 on BATTLES & STRATEGIES and FINAL BATTLES!

Read and review over the Linking Past & Present section on Hard Tack to MRE’S.

The war came to an end after a long siege of the Virginia city of PETERSBURG_. This happened in _APRIL of 1865.

Lee finally surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village known as APPOMATTAX COURTHOUSE on APRIL 9, 1865.

Total casualties during the war was near _600,000.

The war also strengthened the FEDERAL government over _STATE _ government.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download