YEAR 12 PSYCHOLOGY – AOS 1
Name:_______________________ Teacher’s Name: Sasha Koomen
Outcome to be addressed:
Intelligence and Personality
Conditions of Task:
• Multiple choice answers should be written on the answer sheet and short response answers on the test sheet itself
• If you need to write more clearly label extra info and direct teacher to its location
• Task to be completed in 60 mins
• All work should be individual
• No notes allowed
• Blue pen, pencil, sharpener and ruler allowed only
|A |B |C |D |E |
|30-25 |24-19 |18-13 |12-7 |6-1 |
| | | | | |
Overall score: __________________
Comments:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teachers Signature ________________ Date______________
Part A - Multiple Choice
Question 1
Which category of personality theories proposed is not one of the major three but is determined almost entirely by the situation in which people find themselves?
A. learning theories
B. trait theories
C. humanistic theories
D. psychodynamic theories
Question 2
Bob’s bad habits include biting his nails, smoking and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.
According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, at which stage of psychosocial development might Bob be said to be fixated?
A. Genital
B. Phallic
C. Oral
D. Anal
Question 3
Simone cheats on her boyfriend but later feels guilty and ashamed.
According to Freud’s theory, Simone’s cheating may indicate that her ____________ is not being adequately controlled by her ______________, while her feelings of guilt are due to the action of the __________.
A. ego; id; superego
B. id, superego, ego
C. id, ego, superego
D. superego, id, ego
Question 4
At what age did Freud (psychoanalytic theory) believe that a person’s personality was predominantly formed?
A. 8-12
B. 1-3
C. 16-20
D. 5-6
Question 5
Which of the following is not a trait theory of personality?
A. Allport’s three level model
B. Roger’s person centred model
C. Cattel’s 16 Personality model
D. Costa and McCrae’s NEO-PI/Five Factor model
Question 6
Which of the following is a projective test of personality?
A. Myers-Briggs Type indicator
B. Holland's Self-Directed Search
C. Rorschach inkblot test
D. NEO-PI-R
Question 7
According to trait theories of personality
A. all people either have or do not have a particular trait.
B. we all have the same traits.
C. personality traits are relatively stable and therefore predictable over time.
D. traits are not stable.
Question 8
According to Rogers, a healthy personality develops when
A. there is congruence between the ideal self, the true self and the self-image.
B. there is a mismatch between the self-concept and self-esteem.
C. our self-concept is challenged by significant others.
D. there is a mismatch between the ideal self, the true self and the self-image.
Question 9
The Myer-Brigg model of personality argues that personality has _____ personality types and ________ dimensions.
A. 12:3
B. 16:3
C. 12:4
D. 16:4
Question 10
Justin cannot recall a very traumatic experience which happened in childhood. According to Freud, this is an example of the defence mechanism called
A. represssion.
B. regression.
C. reaction-formation
D. projection.
Question 11
With the 7 billion people who live in this world, which of the statements is most true about personality?
A. Fraternal twins have similar personalities
B. All people have similar personalities
C. Identical twins have exactly the same personality
D. No two people share exactly the same personality characteristics
Question 12
According to Cattell's model
A. source traits underlie surface traits.
B. surface traits underlie source traits.
C. each surface trait is a ‘factor’.
D. each factor is a cluster of source traits.
Question 13
A researcher investigates one or more personality characteristics of newborn infants shortly after birth, before they can begin to be influenced by the external environment in any significant way. These same characteristics are then measured again at different times throughout infancy, adolescence and adulthood. This type of testing is known as
A. Correlational
B. Longitudinal studies
C. Adoption studies
D. Personality tests
Question 14
According to Freud when the child is said to seek genital stimulation and develop an unconscious attraction to the parent of the opposite sex, while at the same time developing unconscious feelings of jealousy and hatred toward the parent of the same sex. This is known as the ______ stage:
A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Latency
Question 15
Which of the following statements best describes the Costa and McCrae Five-Factor Model?
A. The Five-Factor Model is a humanistic theory of personality.
B. Costa and McCrae originally identified their Five-Factor Model using evidence from cross-cultural research studies.
C. Costa and McCrae were the first trait theorists to describe personality in terms of five factors
D. Costa and McCrae drew on the work of other researchers in developing their Five-Factor Model
Intelligence
Question 16
According to Weschler, for a behaviour to be considered intelligent it must be
A. Rational and worthwhile only
B. Conscious and goal directed only
C. Conscious, goal-directed and rational only
D. Conscious, goal directed rational and worthwhile
Question 17
Which one of the following is not one of Gardner’s multiple intelligences?
A. Creative
B. Spatial
C. Interpersonal
D. Bodily/kinaesthetic
Question 18
According to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, practical intelligence is the ability to
A. Demonstrate flexibility of thought
B. Function in everyday situations
C. Understand the ideas as they relate to contexts
D. Function in physically demanding situations
Question 19
The underlying assumption of the Cattel-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence include all of the following, except:
A. Cognitive abilities form a hierarchy, with different abilities arranged into strata
B. Fluid intelligence and Crystallised intelligence comprise two of the broad abilities
C. There is no single general ability that underpins all the other ones
D. Creative intelligence is part of the set of narrow abilities
Question 20
Suppose the same large group of students sit for tests of reasoning ability, mathematical skill and reading comprehension. If the test scores were to correlate strongly with one another, such results would provide evidence for
A. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence
B. Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
C. The idea that intelligence is largely inherited
D. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence
Question 21
Ruby scores poorly on the managing emotions component of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso test. According to Mayer and Salovey, Ruby would find it difficult to
a) Deal with others’ emotions
b) Interpret her own emotions
c) Understand the significance of non-verbal emotional signals
d) Understand the relationship between emotions and behaviour
Question 22
According to an early approach to calculating IQ scores, a 12 year old who obtained an IQ of 125 had the mental age of
a) ten
b) twelve
c) fifteen
d) sixteen
Question 23
If Kate has an IQ of 115, which of the following is most likely?
a) Kate’s parents are highly intelligent
b) Kate has a higher IQ than 90 % of the population
c) Kate has been raised in an intellectually enriched environment
d) None of the above
Question 24
An IQ test is standardized to have a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
This means that, of 1000 individuals taking the test
a) Fewer tham 20 would obtain a score of 130
b) About 160 would obtain a score between 70 and 85
c) About 50 people would obtain a score that was more than 1 standard deviation from the mean
d) About 700 people would obtain a score that was one standard deviation from the mean.
Question 25
In the graph on the board, which measure of central tendency are represented by points X,Y,Z
A) Mean, median, mode
B) Mode, median, mean
C) Median, mean, mode
D) Mean, mode, median
Multi choice: /25
Part B – Short Response
Question 1. (2 marks)
Outline two key differences between psychodynamic and trait theories of personality
• Psychodynamic theory – on the unconscious – thought you’re personality was developed about the time you were 5-6
• Trait theories of personality focus on measuring, identifying and describing individual differences in personality in terms of traits. By focusing on individual differences, the trait approach differs from many of the other theoretical approaches to personality as these tend to only emphasise the similarities among people in terms of how personality is structured.
Question 2. (4 marks)
Name and describe two ethical considerations that need to be taken in regards to personality testing.
• Confidentiality
• Voluntary participation
• Withdrawal rights
• Informed consent procedures
Deception
Debriefing
Question 3. (2 marks)
A) Define test validity
To be useful, an intelligence test must be valid; that is, it must actually measure what it is supposed to measure. For instance, it must measure intelligence or cognitive abilities involving intelligence and not some other characteristics.
B) Define test reliability
Reliability refers to the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure each time it is given. A test would not be reliable and would therefore be useless if it measured your intelligence at a high level on one occasion and at a low level on another.
Question 4. (2 marks)
Distinguish between extraversion and introversion
The critical difference between the two attitudes is that extroverts are oriented to the outer world of people, places, and things while introverts are oriented to the inner world of thoughts, ideas, and concepts
Question 5. (2 marks)
A) In the context of Freud’s theory, what are defence mechanisms?
Freud used the term defence mechanism to describe the unconscious process by which the ego defends or protects itself against anxiety arising from unresolved internal conflicts. Freud proposed that defence mechanisms reduce anxiety by denying, falsifying or distorting reality at an unconscious level; that is, the ego interprets events in a way which denies or changes reality so that we can believe there is no need to feel anxious or ‘psychologically uneasy’.
B) Name and define two: (4 marks)
• Sublimation - Channelling unacceptable thoughts, impulses or wishes in a socially acceptable way
• Displacement - Directing an emotion away from the object or person that caused it to a substitute object or person that is less threatening
Question 6. (2 marks)
What is the Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) mainly used to measure? What type of personality test is this.
• The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a Personality inventory. The MMPI is used mainly by clinical psychologists to assist in the diagnosis of mental illnesses. It may also be used for recruitment of staff. For example, Victoria Police uses the MMPI as a part of its recruit selection procedures.
Question 7. (2 marks)
Family studies show that there is a high positive correlation in personality
• Of identical twins raised apart, than between fraternal twins raised together;
• Of adopted children and their biological parents, than of adopted children and their adoptive parents
Explain what these observations suggest about relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on personality.
• Identical twins have identical genetic make up; fraternal twins do not, but share the same environment. Adopted children share the environment of their adoptive parents but have different genetic makeup
• Therefor both sets of evidence support the idea that differences in IQ are due more to heredity than environment
Question 8 (2 marks)
What is the Weschler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS) mainly used to measure? What type of intelligence does this assess?
• The best known of the Wechsler scales are the WAIS–IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). The current version of the WAIS, which was released in 2008, has 10 core (‘compulsory’) tests. The tests are organised in four categories called Verbal Comprehension, Perpetual Reasoning, Verbal Memory and Processing Speed. These four categories represent what the contemporary test developers believe to be the major components of adult intelligence
Question 9 (1 mark)
Explain what is meant by describing an intelligence test as ‘culturally biased’
• In psychological testing, cultural bias refers to the tendency of a test to give a lower score to a person from a culture different from that on which the test was standardised. For many years, psychologists have worked on developing tests that do not discriminate against particular cultural or ethnic groups. These measurement devices are called culture-fair tests.
Question 10 (2 marks)
What is Mayer and Salovey’s model mainly used to measure? What type of intelligence does this assess? Give on argument for or against emotional intelligence.
• The theory of emotional intelligence was developed by American psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer in the early 1990s. Salovey and Mayer define emotional intelligence as the ability to recognise the meanings of emotions and their relationships, and to reason and problem solve on the basis of emotions (Mayer, 2009). According to Salovey and Mayer, the emotion part of the term emotional intelligence refers to a feeling with accompanying thoughts and physiological responses that communicates information about relationships. For example, happiness is a feeling that communicates information about relationships. Information often communicated by happiness is ‘wanting to be with other people’. Similarly, fear is a feeling that communicates information about a relationship, such as ‘wanting to escape from other people’. The intelligence part of the term emotional intelligence refers to the cognitive ability to reason in appropriate ways when using and interpreting emotional information (Mayer, 2009)
Multiple Choice: /25
Short Answer Section: /25
Total: /50
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Unit 2 Psychology
AoS 2: Intelligence and Personality
PRACTICE SAC
Semester 2, 2011
Outcome 2: Test
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