The Home Health Aide Handbook
The Home Health Aide Handbook
Jetta Fuzy, RN, MS William Leahy, MD
fourth edition
Grrowing carregiverrss
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Acknowledgments
Managing Editor Susan Alvare Hedman
Designer Kirsten Browne
Production Thad Castillo
Photography Matt Pence, Pat Berrett, Art Clifton, and Dick Ruddy
Proofreaders Kristin Calderon, Kristin Cartwright, and Joanna Owusu
Sales/Marketing Deborah Rinker, Kendra Robertson, Erika Walker, and Belinda Midyette
Customer Service Fran Desmond, Thomas Noble, Angela Storey, Eliza Martin, and Jeff Brown
Warehouse Coordinator Chris Midyette
Copyright Information
? 2015 by Hartman Publishing, Inc. 1313 Iron Ave SW Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102 (505) 291-1274 web: email: orders@ Twitter: @HartmanPub
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-60425-056-5
PRINTED IN THE USA
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Notice to Readers
Though the guidelines and procedures contained in this text are based on consultations with healthcare professionals, they should not be considered absolute recommendations. The instructor and readers should follow employer, local, state, and federal guidelines concerning healthcare practices. These guidelines change, and it is the reader's responsibility to be aware of these changes and of the policies and procedures of his or her healthcare agency. The publisher, author, editors, and reviewers cannot accept any responsibility for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents of the book. The publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein.
Special Thanks
A very warm thank you goes to our insightful reviewers:
Candace S. Barth RN, BSN Junction City, WI
Susan Meier, RN, BSN Gloucester Township, NJ
Nelson Wood, RN, BSN, CRRN New Hartford, NY
Gender Usage
This textbook utilizes the pronouns he, his, she, and hers interchangeably to denote care team members and clients.
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Contents
Page Topic
Page
I. Defining Home Health Services
Home Health Care
1
Payers
1
Purpose of Home Care
1
Agency Structure
2
HHA's Role
3
The Care Team
4
The Care Plan
5
Chain of Command
6
Policies and Procedures
7
Professionalism
8
Legal and Ethical Aspects
10
II. Foundation of Client Care
Communication
16
Barriers to Communication
17
Oral Reports
17
Documentation
19
Telephone Communication
21
Infection Prevention
22
Home Care Bag
22
Spread of Infection
22
Standard Precautions
23
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
27
Special Precautions
30
Transmission-Based Precautions 31
Safety and Body Mechanics
34
Principles of Body Mechanics 34
Accident Prevention
36
Travel Safety
40
Emergencies
42
Medical Emergencies
42
Disaster Guidelines
49
III. Understanding Clients
Culture and Family
53
Basic Human Needs
53
Cultural Differences
54
Families
55
Body Systems
56
Common Disorders/Observing
and Reporting
57
Human Development
66
Stages/Common Disorders
66
Aging
69
Death
70
Hospice Care
73
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Topic
Page Topic
Page
IV. Client Care
Maintaining Mobility, Skin, and
Comfort
75
Positioning
75
Transfers and Ambulation
78
Range of Motion Exercises
86
Skin Care
92
Comfort Measures
94
Personal Care Procedures
97
Bathing
98
Grooming
105
Oral Care
113
Toileting
118
Vital Signs
123
Temperature
124
Pulse
130
Respirations
132
Blood Pressure
132
Pain
134
Height and Weight
135
Special Procedures
137
Intake and Output (I&O)
137
Catheter Care
140
Ostomy Care
143
Collecting Specimens
144
Non-Sterile Dressings
149
Warm and Cold Applications 149
Medications
154
Oxygen
159
IVs
160
V. Special Clients, Special Needs
Disabilities and Mental Illnesses 162
Disabilities
162
Mental Illnesses
163
Special Conditions
167
Arthritis
168
Cancer
169
Diabetes
172
CVA or Stroke
175
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
178
Circulatory Disorders
179
HIV and AIDS
183
Dementia
186
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
187
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
192
Tuberculosis (TB)
193
Hip or Knee Replacement
194
VI. Home Management and Nutrition
The Client's Environment
197
Housekeeping
197
Laundry
205
Bedmaking
208
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Topic
Page
Proper Nutrition
211
Nutrition
211
Special Diets
219
Planning and Shopping
224
Preparing and Storing
225
Managing Time and Money 231
Managing Time
231
Work Plan
232
Client's Money
233
VII. Caring for Yourself
Continuing Education
234
Stress Management
235
Your Career
237
VIII. Appendix
Abbreviations
240
Glossary
242
Index
249
Important Names/Numbers 256
Community Resources
257
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