Honors Biology – Midterm Exam 2015-2016

Honors Biology ? Midterm Exam 2015-2016

Midterm Review Questions Disclaimer: This is by no means a comprehensive review and SHOULD NOT be used as a standalone review guide. Students should reference their notebook (notes, labs, homework assignments, quizzes) as well as their textbook for a more thorough review.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD/CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 1. List the steps of the scientific method and give a general description of each step. 2. Differentiate between a control and a variable.

a. Independent, dependent, controlled variable, control group, and experimental group 3. What is a controlled experiment and what are the main components?

a. Data graphing and analysis

ECOLOGY 4. Differentiate between a population, community, and ecosystem. 5. Identify biotic and abiotic factors 6. Explain the limiting factors within a population 7. Map the transfer of energy from one tropic level to another 8. Identify the characteristics of primary or secondary succession 9. Determine if a population is developing or developed by looking at population density

graphs.

CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY 10. Organic compounds must, by definition, contain which element? 11. What are the four biological compounds in living things, monomer, important biological

functions and characteristic of compounds? What is an indicator? 12. What are enzymes and why are they important in living things? 13. What conditions might alter the function of an enzyme?

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION/CELLULAR TRANSPORT 14. List the three components of cell theory. 15. Differentiate the three parts of cellular respiration

a. Glycolysis b. Krebs Cycle c. Electron Transport Chain 16. Identify, describe the functions, and state if found in plant cell, animal cell or both of the following organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, nucleus, nucleolus, vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, centrioles, lysosomes 17. What are the main components of the cell membrane? 18. Draw and label the polar and nonpolar parts of a phospholipid. How do phospholipids face each other in the cell membrane? 19. Differentiate between passive and active transport. 20. Which of the following are examples of passive transport? Which are examples of active transport? Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, osmosis. 21. Compare and contrast diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. 22. What happens to cells placed in hypertonic solutions? What happens to cells in hypotonic solutions? What happens to cells placed in isotonic solutions? 23. Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis. 24. Define diffusion. 25. If a red blood cell (~70% water) is placed in pure distilled water, what will happen to the cell and what type of solution is the cell submerged? 26. What is meant by "semi-permeable" membrane?

27. Describe the following terms: active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Also ? state whether they are passive or active forms of transport.

28. What is meant by "equilibrium"?

Bacteria/ Viruses 29. Explain the difference between bacteria & viruses. 30. List examples of bacteria and viruses. 31. Explain why antibiotics are used to treat bacteria but not viruses.

Biology Midterm Review

Scientific Method

Using the scenario below answer questions 1-9.

Kari has been doing research on a new chemical to help tomato plants grow and produce bigger, healthier tomatoes. Kari hypothesized that the new chemical would increase plant growth producing larger tomatoes. She needed to set up an experiment to test the new organic fertilizer. Kari set up her experiment in a greenhouse with the same species of tomato plant in 5 small flats. She kept all conditions the same such as humidity, temperature, soil, amount of water, etc. Listed below is how she administered the fertilizer and the data she collected after six months.

Plant trays Amount of fertilizer per day Growth of plant

Color of plant

1

4 mL

2 inches

Green

2

6 mL

5 inches

Green

3

8 mL

6 inches

Greenish-Yellow

4

10 mL

9 inches

Yellow

5

0 mL

3 inches

Green

Identify the following: 1. Control group(s)? Group 5 (no fertilizer) 2. Experimental group(s)? Groups #1-4 (amount of fertilizer varies) 3. Controlled variable(s)? same species of tomato plant, humidity, temperature, soil, amount of water 4. Independent variable? Amount of fertilizer 5. Dependent variable? Growth of plant 6. Why did Kari only test one variable in this experiment? To ensure that the amount of fertilizer is what was

related to plant growth as opposed to some other variable. She kept her variables controlled.

7. What was the purpose of the control(s) group in this experiment? To measure the growth of a plant without

fertilizer as a reference of typical plant growth.

10. Create a graph below to show the data collected:

Height in inches

Amount of Fertilizer in mL

Biochemistry

1. Fill in the chart on organic compounds.

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Basic unit

Monosaccharide

Amino acid

(monomer)

Major Function(s)

Stores energy

Provides structural support

Examples

Starch Sugar

Enzyme

Lipids Fatty acids

Provides energy and composes cell membrane

Fat

2. Explain the function of enzymes. Draw and label an enzyme and substrate.

Enzymes help to speed up chemical reactions

Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Genetic info

DNA

3. Describe two factors that may denature an enzyme.

Temperature and pH

4. List the characteristics of life:

Made up of one or more cells Displays organization Grows & develops Ability to reproduce Responds to stimuli Requires and obtains energy Maintains homeostasis Adaptations that evolve over time

Ecology

1. Define the term ecosystem:

A biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it.

2. Define the term community:

A group of interacting populations that live in the same geographic area at the same time.

3. Explain how a community is different from a population. Provide an example of each.

A community involves all of the living organisms in the same geographic area, whereas a population involved just one group of organisms of the same species. Example: a school of fish is a population, and the pond (fish, plants, snails, other species of fish) is the community.

4. What are the 3 main types of symbiosis and describe each:

Parasitism ? One benefits, one is harmed Mutualism ? Both benefit Commensalisms ? One benefits, one does not benefit nor is harmed.

5. Explain how a community is different from a population. Provide an example of each.

(repeat of question #3 above)

6. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?

10%

7. What is the difference between a biotic factor and an abiotic factor? Provide examples of each.

Biotic factors are living factors such as, trees, animals, plants. Abiotic factors are non-living factors such as, water, sunlight, temperature.

8. Describe primary succession and explain how it is different from secondary succession.

Primary succession is the development of a biological community over time from a lifeless area that was incapable of sustaining life. (No soil present) Secondary succession is the development of a biological community over time from a previously colonized environment. (Soil still present)

9. What is a pioneer community? Given an example.

The first colonizers of a biological community like, moss and low growing plants.

10. Does the graph above represent a developed or undeveloped country? How can you tell?

The population density graph represents a developing country. You can tell based on the pyramid shape ? a wide base and a narrow top. The wide base indicates a high birth rate. A developing country does not have all the resources

necessary (i.e medical care, sanitation, clean & accessible water, etc) to sustain the population of births, so many people are dying at younger ages ? this results in the pyramid shape. Less than half of the population is living into their 30's.

11. What are some conditions you'd expect to see in this country?

War, limited access to medical care, poor irrigation.

Cell Structure

1. There are 3 components of the cell theory. a. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. b. The cell is the basic unit of life. c. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

2. Fill in the table below:

Process

Anaerobic/Aerobic

Glycolysis

Anaerobic

# ATPs Produces 2

Krebs Cycle

Aerobic

2

Electron Transport Chain

Aerobic

34

Molecules/Gases Produced Pyruvic Acid

CO2 and FADH, NADH

O2, H2O

3. Listed below are the functions of the organelles. Identify the organelle.

cell wall

chloroplast

flagella

nucleus

nuclear membrane

cilia

chromatin

nucleolus

microfilaments

cell membrane

cytoplasm

golgi apparatus

microtubules lysosomes vacuole cytoskeleton

a. thin protein fibers that provide support in cell cytoskeleton b. short projections involved in movement cilia c. longer projections involved in movement flagella d. hollow protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton microtubules e. solid protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton microfilaments f. jelly-like material that surrounds organelles cytoplasm g. digest excess cell parts and invading pathogens lysosome h. where protein synthesis occurs ribosome i. makes energy for cell mitochondria j. flattened (edit!) membrane sacs that transport materials golgi apparatus k. receives processed materials, packages and distributes endoplasmic reticulum l. stores materials and removes excess fluid vacuole m. control center that contains DNA nucleus n. membrane that controls what goes in and out of nucleus nuclear membrane o. tangled DNA chromatin p. membrane that controls what goes in and out of cell cell membrane q. site of photosynthesis chloroplast r. produces ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum s. thick, inflexible membrane that provides support for plant cells cell wal

mitochondria ribosome endoplasmic reticulum

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download