WHAT SHOULD I KNOW FOR THE TEST
Name __________________________
HONORS BIOLOGY WHAT SHOULD I KNOW FOR THE TEST?
Chapter 11- Introduction to Genetics
Who is considered to be the “Father of Genetics”? _____________________________________
Draw a diagram to show the relationship between the P1, F1, and F2 generations.
What 2 laws did Mendel propose to explain how traits are inherited?
LAW OF _________________________ and LAW OF ______________________________
|COMPARE |
|SEGREGATION |INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT |
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When does segregation and independent assortment happen during meiosis? _________________________
Explain the difference between:
homozygous heterozygous
dominant recessive
pure hybrid
allele trait
genetics heredity
genotype phenotype
autosome sex chromosome
|COMPARE: |
|POLYGENIC TRAIT |MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT |X-LINKED TRAIT |
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What molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for blood types? ________________________
Draw a picture of what a blood cell would look like if it had the alleles shown
What combinations of blood donors/recipients is safe?
|BLOOD TYPE |CAN RECEIVE FROM? |CAN GIVE TO? |
|A | | |
|B | | |
|O | | |
|AB | | |
Which blood type is called the universal donor? ______________
Which blood type is called the universal recipient? ______________
What other blood type group did you learn about besides the ABO system? ____________
If MOM is Rh- and baby is Rh+ what problems can this cause during pregnancy?
In a Punnett square:
dominant alleles are always shown as _______________ letters.
recessive alleles are always shown as _______________ letters.
A Punnett result of75% could also be written as fraction like this: ________ or a ratio like this: _______
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT X HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE CROSS
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GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES
_________ _____________________
(dominant or recessive)
HETEROZYGOUS X HETEROZYGOUS CROSS
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GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES (dominant or recessissive)
_________ _____________________
_________ _____________________
_________ _____________________
|TYPE OF DOMINANCE |DESCRIPTION |EXAMPLE |
|Complete dominance | | |
|Incomplete dominance | | |
|Codominance | | |
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Heterozygous individuals show a blended intermediate phenotype (Ex: Rr = pink flowers not red)
Show a cross between TWO heterozygous PINK flowered plants
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GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES
_________ _____________________
_________ _____________________
_________ _____________________
CODOMINANCE
Both traits show together side by side (Ex: AB blood type)
Show a cross between an AO MOM and a BO DAD
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GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES (BLOOD TYPE)
_________ ________
_________ ________
_________ ________
_________ ________
TEST CROSSES:
If an organism shows a DOMINANT phenotype, which genotypes could it have? ________ OR _______
What genotype is used to make a test cross? _________________________
SHOW TEST CROSSES for the two possible parent genotypes for a hearing (H) dog.
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h h
h h
How is a test cross used to tell what the unknown parent’s genotype is?
HETEROZYGOUS DIHYBRID CROSS
If both parents are HETEROZYGOUS for TWO TRAITS, the pattern is
9/16 show BOTH __________________ traits
3/16 show ________________ for trait 1 and ____________________ from trait 2
3/16 show ________________ for trait 1 and ____________________ from trait 2
1/16 show BOTH ____________________ traits.
A heterozygous individual who does not show a recessive genetic disorder but who can pass a recessive allele on to their offspring is called a ___________________________
Chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes are called ________________________
Which combination of sex chromosomes do females have? ___________
Which combination of sex chromosomes do males have? ___________
What kind of cells have SEX chromosomes? SOMATIC CELLS GAMETES (sperm & eggs) BOTH DO
What kind of cells have AUTOSOMES? SOMATIC CELLS GAMETES (sperm & eggs) BOTH DO
What is epigenetics?
What chemical tag is added to DNA during genomic imprinting? _______________
Adding methyl tags to DNA turns genes OFF ON
What are some environmental conditions that can influence the chemical tags on genes?
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