Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior



AP Psychology

Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior

Lecture Notes

Part I: The Neuron & Neurotransmission

Biological psychology:

The Neuron

Neuron:

Glial cell:

3 types of neurons:

1.

2.

3.

3 functions of neurons:

1.

2.

3.

Structure of the Neuron

Cell body:

Dendrites:

Axon:

Myelin sheath:

Schwann cells:

nodes of Ranvier:

multiple sclerosis:

Terminal buttons:

How Does the Neuron Work?

All-or-none law:

Resting potential:

Action potential

Messages from other neurons are either _____________________ or ____________________

Threshold:

Refractory period:

Action potential:

Neuronal Connections: From Neuron to Neuron

Synaptic cleft:

Neurotransmitter:

Vescicles:

Receptor sites:

Reuptake:

Neurotransmitter pathways:

(Some) Neurotransmitters

Know pg. 58 in Myers!

Acetylcholine (ACh):

Dopamine:

Norepinephrine:

Serotonin:

Neurotransmitters at Work: Some Examples

Example 1: Serotonin and depression

SSRIs:

Example 2: Pert & Snyder’s (1973) morphine studies

Endorphins:

Altering Neurotransmission: Drugs and Other Chemicals

2 classes of drugs/chemicals that influence neurotransmission:

1.

2.

Part II: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Spinal cord:

Reflex:

Reflex arc:

Peripheral Nervous System

Skeletal nervous system:

Autonomic nervous system:

Sympathetic nervous system:

Parasympathetic nervous system:

The Endocrine System

Hormones:

Pituitary gland:

Gigantism:

Growth hormone deficiency:

Part III: The Brain

Mapping Brain Functions: The Old Days

Brain damage patients:

Mapping Brain Functions Today

Neuroimaging:

EEG:

advantages:

disadvantage:

MEG:

advantages:

disadvantage:

CT scan:

advantages:

disadvantage:

PET scan:

advantage:

disadvantages:

MRI:

fMRI:

advantages:

disadvantages:

So what can we do with all this neuroimaging stuff?

Structure of the Brain

“older” brain structures:

“newer” brain structures:

3 Regions of the Human Brain

Hindbrain:

Midbrain:

Forebrain:

The Hindbrain & Midbrain

Brainstem:

Medulla:

Reticular formation:

Pons:

Thalamus:

The Cerebellum

The Limbic System

Amygdala:

Kluver & Bucy (1939):

Hypothalamus:

Olds & Milner (1954):

Hippocampus:

H.M.

anterograde amnesia:

retrograde amnesia (H.M. didn’t have this one):

procedural memories:

The Visible Brain

Cerebral cortex:

Cerebral hemispheres:

Our Divided Brains

Corpus callosum:

Hemispheric specialization

Left hemisphere:

Right hemisphere:

Split-brain patients:

Epilepsy:

A quick note on vision

Split-brains and vision:

Alien hand syndrome:

The Visible Brain, cont.

Sulcus:

Gyrus:

Lobes of the cerebral cortex:

1. Frontal lobe:

2. Parietal lobe:

3. Temporal lobe:

4. Occipital lobe:

2 Important Gyri to Know

1. motor cortex:

2. sensory cortex:

Plasticity

Plasticity:

Plasticity & the blind:

Plasticity & the deaf:

Neuroprosthetics:

Part IV: Handedness

Division of labor theory of handedness:

Handedness & language:

Advantages for lefties:

Advantages for righties:

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download