Quiz Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in ...



Quiz Chapter 16: Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood (30 points)

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the alternative that best completes the statement or

answers the question.

1. The major personality trait of __________________ includes openness to feelings, fantasy, aesthetics, and values as identified by the FFM model.

a. ideation

b. extroversion

c. openness to experience

d. generativity

2. The most important factors in marital satisfaction for dual-earner couples according to Perrone and Worthington (2001) include which of the following?

a. communication

b. friendship

c. equality of pay

d. emotional support

3. The primary component of all stress is

a. change

b. anxiety

c. threat

d. worry

4. In Bachand and Caron’s study (2001) of happy marriages, factors related to satisfaction included

a. similar interests and backgrounds

b. economic status

c. age at marriage

d. employment status

5. Of the following individuals, who would be considered to be experiencing the worst scenario in terms of risk factors?

a. Mindy, whose mother is devoted to her, but Mindy barely makes minimum wage because she is only 16 and hasn’t yet graduated from high school.

b. Sonya, who plays basketball for a local college and still lives at home while she attends classes.

c. Beverly, who has struggled with asthma but has adjusted well through use of medication.

d. Lynn, whose mother suffered from depression but whose father made sure Lynn and her sister were well-cared-for and well-loved.

6. Debbie and Deanna have just lost their mother to cancer. They were both fond of their mother and shared equally in her care during her decline over the past year. Debbie is now a regular attendee at the Hospice Support Group to help her cope. Deanna hates the idea of support groups and is coping by putting on a smile and just going on. Which daughter has the better chance of protection from undue stress?

a. Debbie

b. Deanna

c. Both are equally protected.

d. Debbie will do better at first but Deanna will do better in the long run.

7. __________________ is considered the father of stress research.

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Hans Selye

c. Lawrence Kohlberg

d. Daniel Levinson

8. Low estrogen levels are associated with

a. for men, increased sexual interest.

b. for women, increased sexual interest.

c. for men, decreased sexual interest.

d. for women decreased sexual interest.

9. Frances and Clark doted on their three children, but when the girls grew older and began to lead their own lives, Frances and Clark were forced to spend their evenings with each other. Sadly, they found that they could not adjust to a life that did not center around the children because they did not relate to each other anymore. Frances and Clark are suffering from

a. a functional divorce.

b. a dichotomous relationship.

c. an emotional divorce.

d. a generative crisis.

10. According to your text, what is the most important skill in a relationship?

a. handling conflicts constructively

b. ignoring small faults of one another

c. refraining from trying to change one another

d. supporting each other emotionally

11. Abby is a reporter for her city’s newspaper and loves her job. She has just become a new mother and is taking a planned leave of absence from work. She thought this would be the best time of her life, but instead, the baby’s presence leaves Abby sleep deprived, tired, frantically busy, and worried. It seems like she can’t even find 10 minutes to take a shower, even with her mother visiting to help out. According to the general adaptation syndrome, Abby is experiencing

a. resistance

b. exhaustion

c. alarm

d. disillusionment

12. Levinson (1990) found that

a. females go through a sequence of stages similar to those experienced by males.

b. females go through a sequence of stages dissimilar to males.

c. females do not go through any stages at all, but remain fairly stable throughout development.

d. males do not go through the stages, but remain fairly stable throughout development.

13. According to Iwanir and Ayal (1991), which phase of the marital relationship is a complicated transition period that challenges the coping skills of every couple?

a. newly married phase

b. midlife phase

c. midlife/late phase

d. late phase

14. Abner has never been close to his children and tended to think of them as unpaid employees rather than his offspring. Now that his children are middle-aged, what is likely to be a consequence of his early interactions with them, according to Whitbeck and associates?

a. They will likely overcome their father’s distant attitude and develop a close relationship with him.

b. They will probably feel neutral about him but will foster a good relationship between their children and him.

c. The negative relationships that Abner developed with them as children will persist when they are adults.

d Whitbeck and associates found no consistent relationship between the attitudes of middle-aged children towards their parents and the care they received when young.

15. What explanation does the text offer for why middle-aged single women with high educational levels have never married?

a. Women choose higher education and careers over marriage.

b. Some men feel threatened by women with more education than they have.

c. Women who delay marriage to pursue an education end up having a smaller pool of available men from which to choose.

d. All of the answers are correct.

16. All of the following factors increase a woman’s chances of divorce EXCEPT

a. it being a second marriage.

b. lower earning ability.

c. more education.

d. being African-American

17. All of the following have been identified as a main protective factor against stress EXCEPT

a. family environments.

b. personality characteristics.

c. support networks.

d. hobbies.

18. Why is the proportion of divorced individuals in mid-life high, according to the text?

a. Divorce is most likely to occur after 10 years of marriage.

b. Many who have divorced earlier have not remarried.

c. The mid-life crisis is more difficult to overcome than the crises faced at other periods of life.

d. Children leaving the home trigger a separation trend in previously established couples.

19. The authors of the text suggest that the no-fault divorce laws were premature because

a. men and women do not live in an economically equitable system.

b. couples still need to have an opportunity to vent their anger in a court of law.

c. despite the good intentions of no-fault, there really is someone at fault in a divorce.

d. no-fault has made divorces much easier to obtain, clogging the courts.

20. What is the most frequently cited problem of middle-aged women, according to Singleton?

a. aging

b. menopause

c. caring for their children

d. caring for their aging parents

21. Trait theory and stage theory are two theoretical approaches on the issue of

a. sources of child abuse.

b. reasons for an emotional divorce.

c. continuity versus change.

d. contributions to generativity and stagnation.

22. Physiological changes at mid-life in the male sexual system include

a. lower levels of testosterone

b. fewer viable sperm

c. a decrease in sex steroids

d. All of the answers are correct.

23. Results of the Janus report indicate that as we grow older

a. we do not become less sexually active.

b. we become sexually inactive.

c. male sexual activity decreases.

d. female sexual activity decreases.

24. What notion do trait theorists support?

a. People are constantly changing, so all life experiences must be considered important.

b. Adolescence and adulthood are more important points in the study of development than early childhood.

c. Adult personality remains the same.

d. Adult personality changes over time.

25. __________________ is Levinson’s term for the phase of life that usually lasts for five years and generally extends from age 40 to 45 years.

a. Mid-life crisis

b. Generativity versus Stagnation

c. Mid-life transition

d. Terminal drop

26. Laurie’s boss is 42 and believes that Laurie does not deserve to be promoted because women are generally physically inept, incompetent, personally weak, and overly emotional. As proposed by Levinson, Laurie’s boss has failed to recognize the falseness of the __________________ polarity.

a. attachment/separation

b. young/old

c. masculinity/femininity

d. destruction/creation

27. Which of the following statements regarding gender splitting is TRUE?

a. It means that there is a clear difference between what is appropriate for males and for females.

b. It is not supported by all societies.

c. It has traditionally been that women are in the public sphere.

d. It has as its main goal to form and maintain a family.

28. Phyllis, age 40, experiences what she can only describe as a mid-life crisis. According to Levinson, is this possible?

a. Yes. Levinson found that women and men may have similar mid-life crises.

b. Yes. Levinson found evidence that the mid-life crisis suffered by women is even more severe and more paralyzing than that for men.

c. No. Levinson found that the mid-life crisis women suffer typically occurs after age 50.

d. No. Levinson found no evidence of women’s mid-life crisis.

29. Which of the following statements regarding the FFM model of personality is TRUE?

a. The FFM model supports the stage theories of development.

b. The FFM model consists of more than 100 personality traits.

c. The FFM model contends that the basic personality of an individual does not change over the life span.

d. The FFM model takes into account the reciprocal nature of the influence of a person and his or her environment.

30. What is the correct sequence of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome?

a. alarm, exhaustion, resistance

b. resistance, exhaustion, alarm

c. exhaustion, alarm, resistance

d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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