PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE



PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

Stone Age

a. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age )- appeared first in Africa and are marked by the steady development of stone tools

b. Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age )- period of the Stone Age intermediate between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic periods, characterized by adaptation to hunting, collecting, and fishing economy based on the use of forest, lakeside, and seashore environments.

c. Neolithic (New Stone Age) - characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements.

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Characteristics

1. Rock cave

a. Natural Cave

b. Artificial Cave

c. Cave or Hut

2. Dwelling Houses

a. Made from bark of trees or leaves

b. Made from weeds

c. Made from animal skin

d. Lake dwelling – wooden hut built over water and stilted on wood or timber piles

e. Tepee – conical tent with poles as framework and bark or animal skin

- watel – a framework of interwoven poles.

f. Igloo – an Eskimo house constructed on snow blocks with an entrance tunnel

g. Hogan – Indian primitive structure of joined logs.

h. Trullo – a dry walled rough stone shelter, circular with a corbelled roof.

- Dabbing – a dry roughly plastered wall

3. Religious Structure

a. Menhirs (monoliths) – pre-historic monument consisting of a single large standing stone

- A single upright stone.

b. Dolmen – a tomb of standing stone usually capped with a large horizontal slab.

- Two or more upright stone supporting a horizontal slab.

c. Cromlech – a monument of pre-historic period consisting of an enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground (in circular form)

- Example – Stonehenge

4. Tumulli or Barrows

- A mound of earth or stone protecting a tomb chamber

- A burial mound

Trilithon (or trilith) is a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel)

Post and lintel, or in contemporary usage Post and beam, is a simple construction method using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts.

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Savage

Barbarian

Dolmen

Tumuli

Stonehenge

Sarsen stones

trilithons

bluestones

Lintels

Open end

Facing East

Menhir / Monolith

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