Describing Motion Verbally with Distance and Displacement



PHYSICS 2018-19September 12, 2018Today’s Agenda (Day 18)Homework Check: Lab Write-up: Ball Bounce Ch 2 Notes Ch 2 VocabularyClass Activity:Ch 2 PPT Review – cont’dPosition Time GraphsHow FastComplete the Review Activity – Describing Motion Verbally with Distance and Displacement – see p. 2 of document **In PAIRS**Ch 2 Vocabulary QuizHOMEWORK:Read Chapter 2 - Representing MotionStudy for Ch 2 Vocabulary QuizComplete Lab Write-up: Ball Bounce – Use Lab-Write-Up Template – see p. 2 of documentStudy for Ch2 Test VOCABULARYParticle modelDistanceTime intervalInstantaneous positionParticle modelDistanceCoordinate systemMagnitudeDisplacementAverage velocityCoordinate systemMagnitudeOriginVectorResultantAverage speedOriginVectorREMINDERS:Lab Write-up: Ball Bounce – Sept. 12Ch 2 Vocabulary Quiz Sept. 12Ch 2 Test Sept. 13PHYSICS 2018-19REVIEW ACTIVITYDescribing Motion Verbally with Distance and Displacement Motion can be described using words, diagrams, numerical information, equations, and graphs. Using words to describe the motion of objects involves an understanding of such concepts as position, displacement, distance, rate, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Vectors vs. Scalars Most of the quantities used to describe motion can be categorized as either vectors or scalars. A vector is a quantity that is fully described by both magnitude and direction. A scalar is a quantity that is fully described by magnitude alone. Categorize the following quantities by placing them under one of the two column headings. displacement, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration Scalars Vectors A quantity that is ignorant of direction is referred to as a _________________. scalar quantity b. vector quantity A quantity that is conscious of direction is referred to as a _________________. scalar quantity b. vector quantity Distance vs. Displacement As an object moves, its location undergoes change. There are two quantities that are used to describe the changing location. One quantity - distance - accumulates the amount of total change of location over the course of a motion. Distance is the amount of ground that is covered. The second quantity - displacement - only concerns itself with the initial and final position of the object. Displacement is the overall change in position of the object from start to finish and does not concern itself with the accumulation of distance traveled during the path from start to finish. True or False: An object can be moving for 10 seconds and still have zero displacement. True b. False If the above statement is true, then describe an example of such a motion. If the above statement is false, then explain why it is false. Suppose that you run along three different paths from location A to location B. Along which path(s) would your distance traveled be different than your displacement? ____________ You run from your house to a friend's house that is 3 miles away. You then walk home. What distance did you travel? ______________ What was the displacement for the entire trip? _______________ 4401312191209Observe the diagram below. A person starts at A, walks along the bold path and finishes at B. Each square is 1 km along its edge. Use the diagram in answering the next two questions. This person walks a distance of ________ km. This person has a displacement of ________. a. 0 km b. 3 km c. 3 km, E d. 3 km, W e. 5 km f. 5 km, N g. 5 km, S h. 6 km i. 6 km, E j. 6 km, W k. 31 km l. 31 km, E m. 31 km, W n. None of these. A cross-country skier moves from location A to location B to location C to location D. Each leg of the back-and-forth motion takes 1 minute to complete; the total time is 3 minutes. (The unit is meters.) What is the distance traveled by the skier during the three minutes of recreation? What is the net displacement of the skier during the three minutes of recreation? What is the displacement during the second minute (from 1 min. to 2 min.)? What is the displacement during the third minute (from 2 min. to 3 min.)? LAB WRITE-UP TEMPLATEI. Title: Lab Report ProcedureII. Purpose or Question: to inform students of the appropriate format for writing lab Reports. How is a lab report written?III. Materials:3 ring bindergraph papermetric rulerpencils (for most work)calculatorcolored pens (optional)notebook papernotebook dividersIV. Procedure: written in outline to summarize steps actually conducted:A. All labs are assigned in advance and are expected to be read and prepared before class.B. The first sections of the lab reports are written in class to document the observations of experiments during class.C. All data are to be recorded at the time of observation. Scratch paper or recopied data tables are not acceptable.D. Lab reports are due within one week of completing the lab. Lab reports that are more than one week late will NOT receive credit.V. Data: an objective record of what is observed directly, usually in the form of a data table or diagram. The data may be expanded by analysis with calculations or a graph, but it should be noted as an extension, not an observation.VI. Discussion: This section includes the interpretation of what was observed and recorded in section V, the data. It should include a thorough explanation of the data, not just a restatement of it. Why did you see what you saw? It also includes any questions that are a part of the procedure in the experiment, as well as the application of what was observed to any other type of experiment or to the information in your text. Does anything that you observed make you curious about another type of experiment? What is your next question? Have you collaborated with your colleagues on any of the ideas? Have you cited evidence for your ideas from any of your colleagues? The discussion is usually the longest part of the lab report. It is written in complete sentences and proper paragraph structure.VII. Conclusion: the conclusion is usually one sentence to summarize the report and to answer any question posed in the purpose.**Students now have the information to write lab reports in an acceptable format.**PHYSICS 2018-19LAB ACTIVITYBall Bounce Experiment Purpose: To find the "bounce constant" for a given ball. Procedure: One person drops a ball from a pre-determined height above the ground while a second person watches to see how high the ball bounces on its first bounce only. Use the bottom of the ball for drop height and rebound height measurements. Record the result. Repeat 2 more times and find the average for the three drops Repeat steps 1-3 for eight heights above the ground. Height Trial A Trial B Trial C Average Plot the averages on the attached graph by placing the drop height on the x-axis (horizontal) and the bounce height on the y-axis (vertical). Use as much of the graph as you can for your data. Use centimeters for your units. Using a ruler, draw a single straight line that comes the closest to all of the points at once (line of best fit). Take two points on the line (not data points) to calculate the slope of the line. Use points far apart near the ends of the line. Use these two points to calculate the slope of the line. This is your "bounce constant". Bounce constant = _____________ Give your graph a title and label the x- and y-axes. Be sure to include units with your axes titles. Use the slope and the y-intercept of your line to write an equation for your line in slope-intercept form. Should there be an x- or y-intercept? Explain why or why not. List three reasons why your data may not be 100% accurate. a. b. c. Why do you think I made you do three trials and then average the results? List three ways in which the accuracy and/or precision of this experiment could be improved (within the means of an average high school classroom). a. b. c. Why do you think the rebound height was less than the drop height? If you did this experiment on your table, then did the exact same experiment on the floor, would you expect different results? Why or why not? Try to think back to the Physical Science class you took in middle school and write down all of the physics laws, principles, or terms you can remember that are involved in this experiment. ................
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