The Civil War



-1143003175000 Unit 5: Topic 3 -- Division: The Road to the Civil War Miissouri CompromiseFugitive Slave LawBleeding Kansas John Brown/Harpers FerryTariffs and NullificationUncle Tom’s CabinCreation of Republican PartyElection of 1860 Compromise of 1850Kansas-Nebraska ActDred Scott DecisionSouth Carolina SecedesDateEventWhat Happened?How did it lead to war?1820Missouri CompromiseThe MO Compromise admitted Missouri to the US as a slave state and Maine as a free state, to keep the balance between free and slave states in the US. It drew a line at 36’30 through the Louisiana Purchase territory, and said that slavery would be allowed below the line, but prohibited above the line. It worked to keep the peace for almost 30 years, but it was only temporary. As more states entered the Union (the US), they would have to face the issue of slavery in the territories. This increased sectionalism.1828- 1832Tariffs and Nullification – Review!South Carolina argued that states could nullifythe Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress if they thought they were unconstitutional. A union that allowed state governments to ignore acts of the national govt was not very strong, and faced the danger of states seceding from the Union if Congress tried to abolish slavery. 1850Compromise of 1850 California would be admitted as free state Southern territories (New Mexico and Utah Territories) acquired from Mexico could be open to slavery Stronger Fugitive Slave Law passed Slave trade banned in DC (but slavery still ok there)Even through north and south got something they wanted from the Compromise, no one was very happy with it, because each side hated what they lost.Not a permanent solution to the issue.1850Fugitive Slave ActThe Fugitive (runaway) Slave Law required people in the North (free states) to capture slaves who had escaped and return them to their masters in the South.It was a crime to help an escaped slave.People in the North did not like being forced to participate in slavery. This made people in the North care more about slavery. It made the abolitionists very mad, and made them work harder to fight slavery.1852Uncle Tom’s CabinA book by Harriet Beecher Stowe (an abolitionist) that described the life of a slave (Uncle Tom). It helped people in the North to understand how horrible slavery wasDeepened the divisions between north and south. Made many people in the North care about slavery for the first time, so it helped the abolitionists. Southerners were angry because they felt it was an unfair and inaccurate picture of the South (and made them look bad)1854Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas Territory was ready to apply for statehood. Would it be slave or free?Repealed (took away) the Missouri Compromise line Gave people in Kansas and Nebraska the choice whether to allow slavery in their states by a vote (“popular sovereignty”) Allowed slavery north of the Missouri Compromise Line.Showed that popular sovereignty was not the way to solve the problem – just created more problems. Led to Bleeding Kansas and the creation Republican Party1854-1856Bleeding KansasBloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti- slavery forces battled each other. Each side wanted to get the most supporters into Kansas, so they could win the vote on whether to allow slavery. They fought one another in brutal battles. Abolitionist John Brown went to Kansas to fight against slavery.This was like a mini-Civil War, before the Civil War started. It was the first large violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces.Abolitionist John Brown went to Kansas to fight against slavery.1854Creation of Republican PartyCreated to to oppose the spread of slavery. Made up of northern Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs, and Free-Soil Party members. They did not agree on many things, but they were all against the spread of slavery. (Even if it was for different reasons.)This united different people who opposed slavery, and deepened the divisions between North and South. (The Republicans were an all-northern party). Abraham Lincoln would be the first Republican President. 1857Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave who had lived in a free state. He sued for his freedom.A Supreme Court decision that said that slaves were property, not citizens, so they had no rights. Also said that Congress does not have the right to ban (prohibit) slavery in any state.Takes away all rights of slaves, and all hope of ending slavery. Angers the free states and abolitionists. Takes away Congress’s power to limit slavery.South feels like they have the court’s blessing to continue slavery forever.1859John Brown’s Raid on Harpers FerryAbolitionist John Brown tries to start a slave rebellion. He attacks the federal armory in Harpers Ferry (armory = where the weapons are stored) and is defeated by federal troops.John Brown becomes a martyr (someone who dies for a cause). The South is convinced that the North is trying to end slavery. The north celebrates John Brown as a freedom fighter.1860Election of 1860Abraham Lincoln (Republican) elected by northern states. Lincoln was against the spread of slavery but promised not to interfere with slavery where it already existed. People in the South did not trust the northern Republicans. They did not feel like Lincoln represented them at all. Deepened the divide between north and south.1860South Carolina Secedes (leaves the United States)Election of Lincoln is a “trigger” that results in secession (leaving) of South Carolina and then other southern states. They feared that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery.Divides the US into the North (the Union) and the Confederacy. Other southern states follow. The North and South will fight the Civil War because the north wants to preserve (keep) the Union.533400-3683000 The Road to the Civil War VocabularyVocabulary WordDefinition for this unitExample from this unitAntebellumBefore the (Civil) WarSectionalismCaring about your state or part of the country more than the country as a wholeNullificationRefusing to recognize a law. A state choosing to nullify (ignore) a federal law by not following it.Abolition/AbolitionistSomeone who is against slavery and thinks slavery should be abolished (gotten rid of). Abolitionists were against slavery because they thought it was wrong, or a sin.Popular SovereigntyA state choosing something for itself by a vote of the people, or popular vote (as opposed to being what to do by the federal government).FugitiveSomeone on the run from the law, trying not to be captured.Arsenal/ArmoryWhere weapons and ammunition are kept. (guns, bullets, gunpowder, cannons)Secession/SecedeLeaving, or pulling apart from a larger thing. When the southern states left the US to form their own country, they seceded from the Union. ................
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