Causes of the First World War



Canadian History 1201 Unit 5

Canada in the Second World War

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Student Workbook 5.1

Student Name:___________________

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Outcome5.1: Causes of War: Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism, failure of the League of Nations and appeasement

Complete the following questions to help with your understanding of the causes which led to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. Your answers are highlight in red on the slideshow.

Treaty of Versailles Overview

❑ 32 victorious countries met at the Palace of Versailles (just outside Paris, France) to develop a peace settlement in 1919

❑ Restore order & reshape world after four years of war

❑ Main decisions were made by the so-called “__________________” (Britain, France, USA, Italy)

❑ Because of our strong role in the war effort, Canada was represented as a single nation at the meetings & at the official treaty signing.

❑ Germany was _________________________________ to the peace talks

1919 Treaty of Versailles

❑ Officially ended hostilities between _______________________________________________

❑ Terms were designed to weaken Germany so it would not wage war again

❑ The drafters of the treaty wanted to make WW1 “_____________________________________

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❑ Changed the borders of Europe creating new countries in Eastern Europe from the pre-war Austrian, German, Russian, & Ottoman empires

❑ Formation of the League of Nations

1919 Treaty of Versailles: Changing Boundaries

❑ One result that came from Versailles was the redrawing of many longstanding borders & the creation of new countries within Europe

❑ Many of these were formed from territory that once had once belonged to the German, Austrian, & Ottoman Empires

❑ The emergence of these new countries led to many boundary issues that created tensions in Europe during the interwar years

Germany & The Treaty of Versailles

□ The terms of the Versailles Treaty that was imposed on Germany following WW1 were extremely harsh as they attempted to cripple Germany _____________________, _________________________, & ________________________________

□ By doing so the Allies had hoped to make renewed aggression from Germany impossible

□ Instead, the treaty did the opposite, for it gave the German people _______________________ to which the German dictator Adolph Hitler would appeal

□ Germany had to pay ________________________________,($33 million in war damages) the bulk of which would go to France & Belgium to pay for the damage done to their infrastructure during WWI

□ Germany had to admit ______________________________________________ for starting WWI

□ German had to give up all conquered lands & overseas possessions which became League of Nations Mandates

□ Germany was ______________________________ to unite with Austria

□ Reduction of German military with its army reduced to 100 000 men, a ban on conscription, only allowed a limited number of naval ships, and forbidden to have modern weapons such as armoured vehicles, submarines, aircraft, or tanks

❑ For Germany, it was to agree to the terms of the treaty & sign or face an invasion by allied forces

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□ As we have discovered, the old pre-WW1 German empire in Europe was dismantled at Versailles

□ Germany lost national territory in Europe to surrounding countries including France, Belgium, Denmark with most going to the newly created ____________________

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❑ Hitler used these harsh terms to come to power in Germany

❑ He promised to restore a sense of pride for Germans and unite all Germans into one country again

❑ People in other countries (like Canada) thought Germany had been treated unfairly and agreed with Hitler (at first)

1919 Treaty of Versailles: League of Nations

❑ Founded by the winners of WWI in 1919 to create permanent peace through _____________

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• Collective security meant that if a member was threatened with conflict, the others would come to its aid- preferably by discussion & diplomacy rather than by the use of force

□ Disputes/issues could also go to arbitration at the International Court of Justice

□ If members went to war with another, other members would refuse to trade with the aggressor

□ In addition to world peace, the League had many aims, including the improvement of world health & living / working conditions.

Problems with the League of Nations

❑ It was initially proposed by U.S.A President Wilson but the American Congress would not ratify American involvement so the world’s most powerful country did not join

❑ The League’s power rested in the strength of its members which often pursued their own interests or were more concerned with their own problems

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