The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

Note: Locators followed by `f' are figures, those followed by `pl' are plates.

A Acoma pueblo, 97, 188 agriculture

arable land, 91, 147?148 Navaho, 85, 91?92, 93 and precipitation, 85, 88, 92?93 and site location, 189?191 arable land erosion of, 147?148 location of, 91 and site placement, 189?191 architectural elements burial cists, 209?211 chimney structures, 227?237 doorways, 202?205 (See also doorways, by

site) kivas, 216?226 (See also kivas, by site) material used for, 154pl, 194?202, 205?206,

213?216, 214f (See also masonry; timber) retaining walls, 140, 214f, 215?216 storage cists, 206?209 See also burial cists; chimney structures; doorways; kivas; retaining walls; storage cists architecture classification, 186?189 temporal development of, 242?245 See also architectural elements Awatobi ruin, 202

B Bandelier, A.F., 95?96 Beadle, J.H., 81 Bickford, F.T., 81?82 Birdsall, Dr. W.R., 82, 202 blue cow ruin. See Pakashi-izini burial cists

access to, 192pl, 210 construction techniques, 209, 210?211 distribution of, 209 Navaho, 104, 122, 124, 134, 136, 154, 158,

165f, 166, 170, 176, 178, 181, 193, 248 Pueblo, 111 burials. See burial cists

C Canyon de Chelly

arable land, 91, 189?191 (See also arable land) canyon access, 86, 192, 210 canyon complex, 87?88

central location, 86, 93 classification of ruins (See Mindeleff

classification) exploration, early reports, 79?82 geography, 88?89 geology, 86, 89?90, 91 name, 80 population estimate, 246 ruins, 191?193, 192pl, 194f, 247 water availability, 88, 92?93 See also Canyon del Muerto; Monument

canyon Canyon del Muerto, 81, 87, 88, 192. See also

Canyon de Chelly Carrizo Mountains, 85 Casa Blanca (White House)

architecture, remodelled, 124, 125 burial cists (Navaho), 122, 124 buttress, 123, 201, 216 chimney structures, 117f, 120, 122, 124, 129,

234 construction phases, 120?122, 124 construction techniques, 119 decorative plaster, 123 doorways, 122, 125, 204 early investigation, 80, 81 jacal walls, 122, 202 kiva, 120?121 multistory construction, 118, 118pl, 119?120 population estimate, 119 refuse as wall footing, 123, 201 room count, 118?119 roomblock, lower, 118?122 roomblock, upper, 122?125 timber, 123, 206, 213 Chaco ruins, 86, 195, 197, 206, 215, 217 Chaco wash (Chaco river), 85 Chapin, F.H., 82, 204, 226 chimney structures and benches, 221 Casa Blanca, 117f, 120, 122, 124, 129, 234 distribution, 227, 234?236 function, 236?237 and kivas, 233?234 Mummy Cave, 129, 133, 134, 232?233, 232f ruin 10, 146?147, 218 ruin 15, 137, 228?229, 228f, 229f ruin 16, 152, 230?231, 230f, 231f ruin 31, 219

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

Chin Lee valley and Canyon de Chelly, 87 Rio de Chelly ruins, 80 Simpson expedition campsite, 79 topography, 85?86

Chuska (Choiskai) Mountains, 85 Cibola, 86, 188 cists. See burial cists; storage cists cultural continuity, 239, 241?242, 249 Cushing, F.H., 186, 221, 223, 237

D decorative plaster, 123, 146, 174, 175?176,

222?226, 222f Domenech, Abb?, 80 doorways

closures, 132, 204?205 modified, 125, 204 rectangular, 153pl, 196pl, 197pl, 203 T-shaped, 203f, 204?205 doorways, by site Casa Blanca, 122, 125, 204 Mummy Cave, 130, 131?132 ruin 3, 112?113, 203 ruin 10, 146 ruin 15, 137 ruin 16, 151?152, 203 ruin 45, 182 ruin 62, 160 ruin 69, 167 Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, 175 villages, defensible (unnamed), 164, 165

E ?n-a-ts?-gi. See Canyon del Muerto

G Gila river, 188

H Hardacre, Emma C., 80 Hayden Survey, 80, 82 Holmes, W.H., 82, 234, 236 Hopi, 238, 240, 245, 249

J jacal walls, 122, 202 Jackson, W.H., 80, 82

K Kini-na e-kai. See Casa Blanca (White House) kivas

as architectural survival, 217, 240 benches, 221 construction techniques, 219?220 decorated plaster, 222?226 entrance, 218?219 form variation, 216, 221 multistory, 133pl, 219?220 pilasters, 221 as religious architecture, 217?218, 220?221,

223, 240?241 site placement, 217, 248?249 wall niches, 221 walls, interior plaster, 115, 135, 138, 140?141,

145?146, 152, 153, 162, 219, 220?221, 231 See also chimney structures kivas, by site Casa Blanca, 120?121 Mummy Cave, 133?134, 133pl, 219, 221, 224f, 225f, 226, 232f Pakashi-izini, 109?110 ruin 3, 112 ruin 4, 114 ruin 10, 145?147, 218, 219?220, 220pl, 222, 222f ruin 15, 136?138 ruin 16, 151f, 152, 220 ruin 17, 114f, 115 ruin 28, 105f ruin 31, 138, 218f, 219, 221 ruin 32, 139f, 140, 141?142 ruin 34, 169 ruin 36, 162 ruin 44, 163 ruin 47, 166 ruin 48, 135 ruin 49, 158 Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, 111 villages, bottom land (unnamed), 103, 104, 107, 110 villages, defensible (unnamed), 161, 164, 165, 168, 169

L Lukachukai Mountains, 85

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

M Mancos canyon, 98, 195, 226

discovery, 82 doorways, 204 kivas, 223, 234 stairways, 191 See also Chapin, F.H.; Holmes, W.H.; Jackson,

W.H.; Nordenski?ld, G. masonry

construction at Canyon de Chelly, 200?201 construction, historic, 199?200 decorative, 113, 130, 195?197, 196pl exterior wall plaster, 112, 136, 167, 172,

174?176, 197?199, 198pl, 199pl, 208, 210 interior wall plaster, 134, 148?149, 153, 170, 172, 179, 183, 198, 210, 229 variations in, 194?195 Matthews, Dr. Washington, 238 Mesa Verde, 98, 226 chimney structures, 227, 234?236 doorways, 125, 204 investigations, 82 jacal walls, 202 kivas, 202, 234?236 stairways, 191 See also Birdsall, Dr. W.R.; Chapin, F.H.; Holmes, W.H.; Jackson, W.H.; Nordenski?ld, G. Mindeleff classification site descriptions, 99?185 summary, 96?98, 99 and topography, 246?247 See also outlooks or shelters; villages, bottom lands; villages, defensible; villages, open site Mindeleff, Cosmos, initial visit, 81 Moen-Kapi, 98, 190 Moki, 86, 188, 240, 245 historic wall construction, 199?200 origin story, 238 Monument canyon, 81, 87, 89, 91, 185, 190, 192. See also Canyon de Chelly Moran, Thomas, 80 Mummy Cave, 81, 201, 206 architecture, 130?132, 131pl, 134 burial cists (Navaho), 134 central ledge, 129?133, 131pl chimney structures, 129, 133, 134, 232?233, 232f construction phases, 127, 132?133, 134?135 decorative masonry, 130 doorways, 130, 131?132 eastern alcove, 126, 131pl, 133?134, 133pl

kivas, 133?134, 133pl, 219, 221, 224f, 225f, 226, 232f

location, 126 multistory construction, 129 pictographs, 130 plastered walls (whitewash), 132?133 population estimate, 127 room count, 126?127 tower, 129?130, 132?133 western alcove, 126, 127

N Navaho

agriculture, 85, 91?92, 93, 104, 207, 248 building stone, 105, 169?170, 187 burial cists, 104, 122, 124, 134, 136, 154, 158,

165f, 166, 170, 176, 178, 181, 193, 209?210 canyon abandonment stories, 237?238 corn storage, 104?105, 105f, 106 firewood, 191?192 habitation, 91, 105, 183?184 peach orchards, 93 pictographs, 208 seasonal round, 92?93, 207 sheep, 107, 115, 201 storage cists, 104?105, 108, 168, 173 taboo on timber reuse, 205 trails, 86, 192, 210 water access, 88, 92 Nordenski?ld, G., 227 Mesa Verde, excavations, 82, 202, 204?205, 221, 226, 234?236 pueblo classification, 98?99 Nutria, 98, 190

O O'Sullivan, T.H., 81 Ojo Caliente, 98, 190 Oraibi pueblo, 98, 190 origin stories, 238, 242 outlooks or shelters

and arable land, 170 burial cists (Navaho), 176, 178, 181, 185 characteristics, 170 decorative plaster, 174, 175?176 frequency of, 185 multistory construction, 172 Navaho site reuse, 172, 173, 173f pictographs, 184pl, 185 rooms, isolated single, 182?184, 182f, 183f ruin 2, 184?185, 184pl ruin 6, 177?178, 177f, 177pl, 211, 211pl ruin 8, 192pl, 193

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

ruin 14, 178?179, 178f, 179pl ruin 35, 171, 171f ruin 37, 171f, 172, 223, 223f ruin 45, 182?183, 182f ruin 46, 172?173, 172f ruins, unnamed, 173?174, 173f, 174f, 176,

176f, 180?181, 180f, 181f, 183?184, 183f, 185 stairways, toehold, 177 Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, 174?176, 174f, 175f

P Pakashi-izini (blue cow) ruin, 108f

kivas, 109, 110 pictograph, 109 population estimate, 109?110 room count, 109 peach orchards, 93 Pescado, 98, 190 petroglyphs, 164?165, 164f pictographs, 109, 114, 130, 137, 148?149, 158,

172, 184pl, 185, 208, 222f, 223, 223f, 226, 227f plaster chimney structures, 137, 229 decorative, 123, 146, 174, 175?176, 222?226,

222f doorways, 112?113, 124, 131, 203 kiva interior, 115, 135, 138, 140?141, 145?146,

152, 153, 162, 219, 220?221, 231 walls, exterior, 112, 136, 167, 172, 174?176,

197?199, 198pl, 199pl, 208, 210 walls, interior, 134, 148?149, 153, 170, 172,

179, 183, 198, 210, 229 whitewash, 123, 132?133, 147, 174?175 plateau country climate, 84 geography, 82?83, 84, 85 geology, 84 vegetation, 84?85 population estimates, 107, 109, 119, 127, 161 precipitation and agriculture, 85 seasonal availability, 88, 92?93 pueblo classifications Bandelier, A.F., 95?96 Mindeleff, Cosmos, 96?98, 99 Nordenski?ld, G., 98?99 pueblo culture cultural continuity, 239, 241?242, 249 geographic extent, 82 linguistics relationships, 240, 245 migration, 245?246 Putnam, Prof. F.W., 81

R rainfall. See precipitation reservoir, 148?149, 148pl, 209 retaining walls

masonry, 214f, 215?216 and timbers, 140 vertical drop of, 215 Rio Grande, 246 rock art. See petroglyphs; pictographs ruin 1 masonry reuse, 105 pictographs, 208, 226, 227f stairways, toehold, 208 storage cist, 208, 208pl ruin 2, 184 pictographs, 184pl, 185 ruin 3 doorways, 112?113, 203 kivas, 112, 112f masonry, 113, 197, 197pl ruin 4 kivas, 114, 114f location, 113, 113pl masonry, 114 pictographs, 114, 222f, 223 ruin 6 burial cists (Navaho), 177?178, 177f, 211,

211pl masonry, 177, 177pl stairways, toehold, 177 storage cists, 178 ruin 8, 192pl, 193 ruin 10 access, 143 chimney structures, 218 decorated plaster, 222?223, 222f kivas, 144f, 145?146, 147, 218, 218f, 219?220,

219f, 220pl location, 143, 143f, 147 multistory construction, 219?220, 220pl oven-like structure, 149f, 150?151, 151f pictographs, 148?149 reservoir, 148?149, 148pl roomblock, 144f, 145, 146?147, 149 stairways, toehold, 148 wall, partial plaster, 198, 198pl ruin 14 and arable land, 178, 179pl roomblock, 178?179, 178f ruin 15 chimney structure, 137, 228?229, 228f, 229f kivas, 136?137, 138, 228 roomblock, 136, 136f, 138, 229 ruin 16, 220, 230?231, 230f, 232f and arable land, 151, 153pl

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

burial cists (Navaho), 154 chimney structure, 152, 230?231, 230f, 231f decorative masonry, 196pl, 197 doorways, 203 kivas, 151, 152, 220, 231 masonry, 151 roomblock, 151, 151f, 152?153, 154pl timber, 215?216 ruin 17, 114f, 115 ruin 28 roomblock, 104, 105f storage cists (Navaho), 104, 105?106, 106f ruin 31 chimney structure, 138, 219 kivas, 138, 218f, 219, 221 roomblock, 138, 138f ruin 32 construction phases, 140, 141 kivas, 140?142, 142f multistory construction, 140 retaining walls, 140 roomblock, 139f, 140 timber, 140 ruin 34 burial cists (Navaho), 170 kivas, 169?170 roomblock, 169, 169f stairways, toehold, 170 ruin 35, 171, 171f ruin 36, 162, 162f ruin 37 pictographs, 172, 223, 223f roomblock, 171f, 172 ruin 43, 115f, 116 ruin 44, 163, 163f ruin 45, 182?183, 182f ruin 46 location, 172 roomblock, 172?173, 172f ruin 47, 166, 166f ruin 48 burial cists (Navaho), 136, 136f kivas, 135, 136f roomblock, 135?136, 135f, 136f ruin 49 burial cists (Navaho), 158 location, 157 roomblock, 156f, 157?158 stairways, toehold, 157 ruin 62 location, 159, 159f roomblock, 160 stairways, toehold, 160 ruin 69, 167?168, 167f

S San Juan ruins, 84, 86, 98, 155, 249 Simpson, Lieutenant J.H.

Canyon de Chelly investigation, 79?80 Casa Blanca, 80, 81, 118 stairways, toehold, 148, 157, 160, 170, 177, 192,

193, 208, 210 Stevenson, Colonel James, 81 storage. See storage cists storage cists

distribution of, 206?207, 248 Navaho, 104?105, 108, 168, 173 and pictographs, 208, 226, 227f ruin 1, 208, 208pl, 226, 227f summer villages. See villages, summer

T Taos pueblo, 172, 187, 188, 216, 218 taphonomy, 101?102, 111?112, 115, 187, 205,

247 Tewa historic migration, 246 timber

long distance transport, 205 reuse, 205 in wall construction, 113pl, 154pl, 206,

213?216, 214f Ts?-gi. See Canyon de Chelly Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, 88, 111, 111f, 174?176,

174f, 175f Tunicha Mountains, 85, 87, 93 Tusayan, 86, 100, 195, 199, 202, 204

chronological development, 188?189 kivas, 216, 217, 221, 237 relocation as threat response, 97?98 Tewa migration, 246

V villages, bottom lands

and arable land, 102 burial cists (Navaho), 104, 122, 124 burial cists (Pueblo), 111 decorative masonry, 113 location, 102, 111, 112, 115 pictographs, 222f, 223 ruin 3, 112?113, 112f, 197, 197pl, 203 ruin 4, 113?114, 113pl, 114f, 222f, 223 ruin 17, 114f, 115 ruin 28, 104?106, 105f, 106f ruin 43, 115f, 116 ruins, unnamed, 103?104, 103f, 103pl, 104f,

106?107, 106f, 110?111, 110f Tse-on-i-tso-si canyon, 111, 111f See also Casa Blanca (White House);

Pakashi-izini (blue cow) ruin

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

Index ? The Cliff Ruins of Canyon de Chelly, Arizona

villages, defensible architecture, restored, 140, 141, 163 burial cists (Navaho), 136, 154, 158, 165f, 166, 170 characteristics, 126 construction phases, 140, 141?142, 142f decorative plaster, 146, 222f multistory construction, 137, 138, 140 petroglyphs, 164?165, 164f pictographs, 137, 148?149, 158 remodelling, 138, 152, 153 ruin 10, 143?151, 143f, 144f, 148pl, 149f, 150f, 198, 198pl, 218, 219?220, 219f, 220pl, 222?223, 222f ruin 15, 136?138, 136f, 228?229, 228f, 229f ruin 16, 151?154, 151f, 153pl, 154pl, 196pl, 197, 203, 215, 220, 230?231, 230f, 231f ruin 31, 138, 138f, 218f, 219, 221 ruin 32, 139f, 140?142, 142f ruin 34, 169?170, 169f ruin 36, 162, 162f ruin 44, 163, 163f ruin 47, 166, 166f ruin 48, 135?136, 135f, 136f ruin 49, 156?158, 156f ruin 62, 159?160, 159f ruin 69, 167?168, 167f ruins, unnamed, 155, 155f, 160f, 161, 161f, 162f, 164?166, 164f, 165f, 167f, 168?169, 168f, 169f, 203f slope stabilization, 140, 142 stairways, toehold, 148, 157, 160, 170 See also Mummy Cave

villages, open site appearance, 100 location, 99?100, 100pl ruin 12, 101, 101pl site formation, 100?102, 101pl

villages, summer, 98, 190, 195

W walls, plastered. See plaster Washington pass, 87 water availability, 88, 92?93 Wheeler survey, 81 White House. See Casa Blanca (White House)

Y Yarrow, Dr H.C., 218

Z Zu?i, 186, 188, 199, 216, 221, 223

Copyright ? 2020 by Donald Howes

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download