Traveling Safe with Professional Travel



Table of Contents

A. General Travel Tips

1. Taking an International Flight 3

2. Airport Security 3 ~ 4

3. Luggage Identification 4 ~ 5

4. Entry/Exit Requirements 5

5. Tips for Driving Internationally 5 ~ 6

B. Travel Safe

1. Avoid Problems 6 ~ 7

2. Protecting Yourself While In A Taxi 7 ~ 8

3. Protecting Yourself During A Hotel Fire 8 ~ 10

4. Protecting Yourself During Acts of Violence 10 ~ 11

5. Surviving a Hostage Situation 11 ~ 12

C. Natural Disasters

1. What You Need To Know 13

2. Before, During, And After a Hurricane / Tropical Cyclone / Typhoon 14

3. Surviving A Tornado 15

4. What To Do If Faced With A Flood 16

5. Flash Flooding 16 ~ 17

6. Once the Storm Has Subsided 17 ~ 18

7. What To Do During An Earthquake 18 ~ 19

D. Health Tips

1. Eating and Drinking While You Travel – Do It Safely 20

2. Traveling With Diarrhea 20 ~ 21

E. How to Obtain a VAT Tax Refund 22

Content Disclaimer:

This document is provided by Professional Travel, Inc. (PTI) for information purposes only and does not constitute a legal contract between PTI and any person or entity unless otherwise specified. Information is subject to change without prior notice. Although every reasonable effort is made to present current and accurate information, PTI makes no guarantees of any kind. In no event shall PTI be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of this document.

Health-Related Content Disclaimer:

Health related topics found in this document should not be used for diagnosing purposes or be substituted for medical advice. As with any new or ongoing treatment, always consult your professional healthcare providers. It is the reader’s responsibility to research the accuracy, completeness, and usefulness of all opinions, services, and other information found in this document, and to consult with your professional health care provider as to whether the information can benefit you. PTI assumes no responsibility or liability for any consequence resulting directly or indirectly for any action or inaction you take based on or made in reliance on the information, services, or material on or linked to this document.

General Travel Tips

In an effort to make travel a more enjoyable experience, the following are some suggested travel tips:

24 Taking an International Flight

• Before You Depart - Check to make sure you reservation is correct and that your name is correctly spelled on your ticket. Make sure your name on your ticket matches your name on your passport. Verify whether or not you need a visa to enter the country you are visiting. Make sure your airlines have an emergency contact number for your family or friends.

• Check to see what your airlines’ rules are for checked baggage and carry on baggage as rules may vary. Some airlines may also place an excess baggage embargo on certain routes and during certain times of the year when travel is the heaviest. You will want to take the time to advise the airlines if you have any special needs, i.e., wheelchair requests, special meals, etc.

• Plan to arrive at the airport at least 3 hours prior to check-in for your international flight. You are not permitted to use the curbside check-in due to the airlines’ requirements to verify that you have the proper documents to travel to your destinations.

• Make sure you get up often on long flights to move about the aircraft as this will help promote circulation and help to prevent flight thrombosis. It is also a very good idea to drink lots of water to maintain hydration.

• Understand all the rules and restrictions regarding your airfare just in case you need to make changes to your flight plans. It is important to reconfirm your flight at least 72 hours prior to flight departure, and make sure you have provided the airlines with your local contact information.

• Understand under what conditions some airlines will not guarantee a seat on a flight. There are several foreign carriers that will not confirm advance seat assignments on the airplane even with a confirmed ticket.

• Its very important to make sure you have enough cash to pay the departure taxes when you are leaving a country. Most countries require that you pay in cash and some require this cash to be in local currency.

• If your flight is forced to make an emergency landing, you will not be allowed to take your personnel belongings off the aircraft. Make sure you take your passport, cash, credit cards and cell phone and put them in your pocket. This will ensure you are able to make calls, leave the customs area, and take care of your needs until you are able to get the rest of your belongings from the aircraft.

2. Airport Security

• Shoes and Security - Random shoe checks are being conducted, so consider wearing slip-on shoes when flying.

• The typical traveler has pockets bulging with metal coins, money clips, keys and key chains, pens, glasses, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Consider placing some of these items in a resealable plastic bag rather than putting everything in the plastic container or placing them inside of your carry-on luggage. This will help expedite your time in security trying to retrieve all your items.

• “Carry-on baggage” is a single, small piece of luggage you take on board the airplane with you. You are allowed one carry-on in addition to one personal item such as a laptop computer, purse, small backpack, briefcase, or camera case.

• Do not put undeveloped film or cameras containing film in your checked luggage. Hand carry these items because you can request hand inspection to prevent damage. Wait to wrap your gifts. You may be asked to unwrap any item so it can be inspected. This applies to items in both carry-on and checked baggage.

• Don’t over pack. Most carriers have changed their weight regulations regarding checked baggage on commercial flights. Ask your travel consultant to ensure you have the most current information.

• Any piece over the free baggage allowance or baggage that exceeds the size and weight limitations will be subject to additional charges. Excess baggage is transported on a space available basis and will only be carried subject to load capacities of the aircraft. The airlines measure a bag by adding together the height + width + length (these dimensions are added together to compute the total number of linear inches of a bag).

• The TSA (Transportation Security Administration) suggests that you either leave your checked bags unlocked or use a TSA approved lock. In some cases during the screening process the inspectors will need to open your bags and the locks will have to be broken. The TSA is not liable for damage caused to locked bags that must be opened for security purposes. If your bag has been opened by the TSA, they will lock the bag with a tamper evident seal and place a notice in your bag alerting you to the fact that the TSA screeners opened your bag for inspection. You may want to consider purchasing cable ties. These generally work best since they are the easiest to remove at your destination and can be used to close almost every type of bag with zippers. If the TSA needs to inspect your bag, the screeners will cut off the seal and replace it with another seal. This will allow you to secure your personal items from baggage handlers or other airport personnel.

3. Luggage Identification

• Always put your name and address on the outside of all baggage, both checked and carry-on. Consider using your office address and phone number rather than your home information. We also recommend placing your name and address on the inside of each bag as well. Also be sure to remove all previous old destination tags from your luggage before you check them.

• Luggage hooks and straps also need to be removed before checking. They can easily be caught in the baggage handling machinery which can cause extensive damage.

• When checking in luggage, allow sufficient time for it to be placed on your flight. Baggage checked less than 30 minutes before your scheduled departure at curbside or at the ticket counter could be tagged with a “late check-in tag”. Although every effort will be made to get late checked baggage on your flight, in the event your baggage does not arrive at your destination, most carriers will not assume delivery charges to get your baggage to you.

• When you’ve checked your luggage, make sure you receive separate claim checks and make sure that the city shown on the claim checks matches your final destination.

• Never pack anything considered a hazardous material. Seemingly harmless materials can be dangerous on board an aircraft. Leave at home any flammable liquids, household items that contain chemicals, matches or lighters, and other flammable or potentially toxic materials. Variations in temperature and pressure can cause such goods to leak or ignite. Consult the “Prohibited Items to Check or Carry-on List” with any commercial carrier.

• If your luggage is damaged or does not arrive as scheduled, notify the arriving carrier immediately. Claims must be filed, in person, within four (4) hours of your flight arrival.

4. Entry/Exit Requirements

Following are some important customs requirements and other information to help while you are traveling. Just because you are stopped by customs does not mean you have done anything wrong, so do not over react or panic. Customs agents do look for and search certain prototypes of possible lawbreakers, but agents also select travelers at random for customs searches. Agents do enforce hundreds of laws for other government agencies dealing with narcotics, plant and animal trade rules, import/export regulations, taxes, and prohibited and restricted items.

• Make sure you are aware of all import and export restrictions before you appear in front of the customs agent. For example, some countries have limits on the amount of cold medicine you are able to bring into the country because it will exceed personal use. In some Islamic countries, sexually explicit materials are prohibited and what constitutes “explicit” varies from one customs agent to another.

• Other than prohibited items, the biggest entry/exit issues most travelers face are import/export duties and other taxes, many of which may come as a complete surprise.

US customs officers may demand to see proof of purchases you made prior to departure from the US, especially for expensive items like laptop computers, cameras, necklaces, etc. They could require you to pay to get the items back into the country if they suspect you may have purchased them on your trip. To prevent these types of problems, you can register these types of items before you leave home.

• When you return to the US, you will be asked to fill out a custom’s declaration form on which you should list all major items purchased or obtained during your trip. This includes any gifts or other items even if you did not have to pay for them. The first $800.00 in purchases are exempt from duty along with a certain number of bottles of alcoholic beverages. You will, however, be required to pay duties on items that exceed the duty-free limits.

• Complete information is available in the Government information packet entitled “Know Before You Go”.

25 Tips for Driving Internationally

Determine the minimum and maximum driving age for your specific country. Confirm that you are allowed to drive the car you rented to your intended destination. Consider obtaining additional insurance, especially liability coverage, if the car rental company’s coverage is minimal.

• Driving internationally can be somewhat of a challenge due to driving on the opposite side of the road, sitting on the opposite side in the car, and all road signs being in a foreign language. Additionally, your driver’s license may not be recognized in other countries.

• Know what route to take. Get a good road map. Many accidents in developing countries involve pedestrians, motorcycles, bicycles, and occupants of vehicles other than cars.

• Beware of roads that are closed. In some areas, roads are closed during certain seasons of the year.

• Make sure you check your car insurance or your insurance carrier at work to ensure you are covered when you are driving out of the country. In some cases, your coverage will not meet the minimum requirements of the country to which you are traveling and where you are planning to drive. Consider obtaining auto insurance coverage that is at least equivalent to the insurance you carry for your own vehicle, especially for liability coverage.

• The international driver’s permit (IDP) is not a driver’s license. Its only intent is to provide a supplement to your national or state driver’s license by providing the information in 11 languages. There are about 150 countries that recognize the IDP in accordance with the United Nation’s Conventions on Road Safety. Keep in mind that not all countries require you to have an international driver’s permit to rent or drive a car, but it is recommended that you carry both your local drivers license and the IDP at all times.

B. Don’t Be A Victim Of Theft While Traveling

Thieves look to attack travelers because they usually travel with large amounts of cash, jewelry, cameras and laptops. It is even easier for the thief if you appear to be lost, confused, or overtired and in an unfamiliar setting.

28 Avoid Problems

• Do not carry large sums of cash. Use travelers’ checks or credit cards.

• Avoid carrying an oversized handbag. In a crowded area, this makes it all the likelier you may become the victim of a pickpocket.

• If you carry a wallet, place a rubber band around it as this helps create friction making it harder for a pickpocket to prey on you. Or you can use a wallet chain which attaches to a belt loop securing your wallet.

• While carrying a purse keep it close. Even place the strap over your shoulder, keeping it in front of you with your hand on it.

• Deal only with authorized agents when you exchange money, buy airline tickets or make purchases. Keep copies of your receipts to ensure the correct charges are made to your credit cards.

• Always keep your credit card in sight during purchases. Do not allow the clerk to leave with your card. This will help to ensure the numbers are not written down and the card is returned to you.

• Keep copies of receipts for all purchases. In the signature box, write the amount of the purchase or charge in your own handwriting. This will help prevent over billing on your credit card.

• Always take all carbons with you and destroy them at a later time. This will also help prevent your credit card number from being used at a later time. Carbons are still being used in many foreign countries.

• A common ploy is to distract you by bumping into you, dropping items, or spilling things on you when you are paying and your wallet is out of your pocket or purse. Some may even go as far as to ask you to hold their child or infant. Do not be distracted by this ploy.

• Do not become lost or isolated in an unfamiliar area, especially after dark.

• Leave your spare cash, jewelry, passport, tickets and personal papers in the hotel safe or in a locked suitcase out of view in the hotel.

• Do not leave your briefcase, laptops or purse in plain view. Put them in a locked trunk prior to your arrival at the location.

• Report lost or stolen possessions immediately to the local police.

• Keep copies of the police report for future insurance claims and as explanation of your loss.

• In case of a loss or theft, call your credit card companies and/or travelers’ check issuing company immediately. If your airline tickets are missing, contact Professional Travel or the airline directly. If your passport is missing, contact the nearest Consulate or US Embassy.

• Keep the door locked at all times in your hotel room. Consider carrying portable doorstops, but always keep the chain locked and use any deadbolts or privacy latches that are available.

• When you are asleep or out of the room, do not leave your valuables out in the open. Put your laptop, watches, phones, wallets, purses, cameras, etc. in the bureau drawers, in a suitcase or in the hotel room safe.

• Keep a “Do Not Disturb” sign on your outside door at all times. This will give the impression that someone is in the room. If you place the “Maid Service” sign on the door, it gives the impression that the room is now empty. Call housekeeping when you are in the room and ready to have it cleaned and remain in the room while they clean.

• When you are out of the room, try leaving the radio or television and lights on. This also provides the illusion that someone is inside.

• Carry your key with you instead of leaving it at the front desk. If possible, remove any hotel identification tags or pockets displaying the hotel name and room number from the key just in case you lose it.

• When returning to your room, do not unlock the door if a stranger is standing nearby; keep walking and return when the hall is clear. Do not enter if the door is ajar or not locked. Call the front desk and ask to have the hotel security or front desk personnel assist you.

• Do not open your door to anyone unless the person is expected or known to you. If you question the authenticity of any hotel employee, call the front desk and ask them if they are a service employee before letting them into your room.

29 Protecting Yourself While In a Taxi

• To avoid potential disputes or arguments with taxi drivers, know the local tipping customs. Ask a hotel staff member, police officer or your host for the typical price range to your destination and the appropriate tip. Try to get a firm or estimated fare from your driver before you start and ask if there is an additional fee for luggage. Be familiar with local currency so you can identify the bills or coins you should use for payment. Unlicensed drivers may try to return your change in discontinued or worthless bills.

• It is safer to have a hotel arrange for a taxi or to call in advance to arrange a ride than to hail one from the street.

• Take taxis that are clearly identified with official markings.

• If it is a law in the country that drivers display their licenses, take only licensed taxis and be sure that you see that license prior to entering the vehicle and closing the door.

• If you place luggage in the trunk, stay outside of the taxi until the trunk is closed and locked.

• Know the general directions or route to your destination.

• Have the address of your destination written in the local language and, if possible, have a name and telephone number of someone at your destination.

• Pickpockets and petty thieves target tourists at taxi stands.

• Thieves can pose as taxi drivers. Do not accept unsolicited guide offers from taxi drivers.

• Never enter a taxi if someone else is already in the taxi with the driver and do not allow the driver to add passengers once your ride begins.

• As you enter the taxi, look at the photo on the displayed license to make sure it is who is driving. If not, do not remain in the taxi.

• Lock the door and keep the window up if possible.

• If the doors do not lock, sit near the middle of the seat so thieves outside cannot easily grab your purse or briefcase.

• Make sure that you are at the correct location before exiting the taxi.

• Pay only after you have retrieved your luggage.

• Ask for a receipt and pay with currency as close to the fare as possible. Some drivers will claim that they do not have any change.

30 Protecting Yourself During A Hotel Fire

In many countries there are no fire regulations. This coupled with inadequate and outdated fire fighting equipment, a lack of training, and poor building construction, is a sure setting for disaster. Here are a few tips to help you while you’re traveling:

• Fire safety features that are required in U.S. hotels such as sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, fire stairwells, and emergency lighting are often either lacking or inoperable.

• Travel with your own small flashlight. This will prove very practical if there is an emergency situation when there is no power. In an unfamiliar setting, a flashlight makes it easier to get out safely. You can even purchase portable, battery-operated smoke alarms to take with you when you travel.

• Book in as modern a hotel as possible. It is best to stay in a US or Western European chain.

• It is best to request a floor above the 2nd floor and below the 8th. Most fire equipment cannot reach beyond the 7th floor.

• When you arrive at the hotel, check where the exit stairs are and begin your thought process for a plan to escape if a fire should occur so you can react with efficiency and without panic.

• Avoid accepting a room that is not near an exit or is in an isolated wing.

• If the hotel has fire alarms, take time to see where they are located and how they work. You may be required to activate the alarm in the dark or the dense smoke.

• When you leave the room for the first time, follow the exit signs down the stairs to the lobby or outside. Be aware of any blocked areas or tight or locked doors that could delay an escape. If possible, check the exit to the roof.

• If there is a smoke alarm in your room, test the alarm using the test button. If it is not working properly, report it to the front desk and ask to have it repaired. If you are using a portable one you have brought with you, place it as close to the hotel door and ceiling as possible.

• Always keep the room key and your flashlight on the bedside table so that you can locate them quickly if you have to leave your room in a hurry.

• If you smell smoke, first call the fire department or police. Then call the front desk. If you cannot leave the room and it is possible to open the window, hang a bed sheet outside the window as a signal to the rescuers.

• If smoke is in your room, take a wet washcloth or hand towel, your flashlight, and room key and crawl to the door on your hands and knees. Do not stand up as smoke and gases rise while fresher air remains low to the ground.

• Before you open the door, feel it with the palm of your hand. If the door or knob is hot, the fire may be right outside. If the door and knob are not hot, open the door slowly. Be ready to close the door again if the fire is close. If the exit path is clear, then crawl into the hallway.

• If you leave the room, close the door behind you for two reasons: 1 - Keeping the smoke out in case you need to retreat back to the room and, 2 - Securing your belongings left behind in the room. Do not try to return to your room until the fire department advises it is OK.

• Stay close to the wall to avoid running into emergency personnel. If there is smoke in the hall but no fire, crawl to the exit with your eyes closed if possible.

• Use the wet hand towel or wash cloth to cover your mouth and nose in case the smoke makes it difficult to breath.

• As you are crawling to the exit, try to remain on the same side of the corridor as the exit door. When climbing up or down the stairs, keep your hands on the hand railing to help guide you out. This will also help prevent you from being knocked down by other panicked guests.

• If you find the stairwells are filled with heavy smoke, do not try to run through it as that could be dangerous. Try the roof exit or go back to your room.

• Do not try to use the elevators during a fire. They could malfunction, or may even have heat activated call buttons which would take you to where the fire is located.

• If all exits are blocked, or if there is heavy smoke in the hallways, you will be safer staying in your room and waiting for emergency personnel.

• If there is smoke in your room, open the window and turn on the bathroom vent. Do not break the window unless it cannot be opened or it is absolutely necessary. You will want to close the window later to keep exterior smoke out.

• Fill the bathtub with water to give yourself something to firefight with if necessary. You can bail the water out of the tub with the ice bucket or wastebasket onto the hot door or walls.

• Stuff wet towels into the cracks under and around any doors where the smoke may come in. Keep a wet towel over your mouth and nose to filter the smoke and make breathing easier.

• If the fire is outside near your windows, take the drapes down and move away everything that might combust. This will help prevent the fire from jumping into your room.

• If at all possible, try to maintain contact with emergency personnel and the front desk by phone to make sure they are aware of where you are and what condition you’re in.

31 Protecting Yourself During Acts Of Violence

Terrorism can occur at any time anywhere around the world. Certain areas are more apt to have terrorist attacks than others. Be aware if traveling in these areas and take into consideration the following steps:

• Become familiar with any information or warnings pertaining to the area to which you are traveling.

• Update your will and other related documents.

• Schedule direct flights, if possible, and avoid any stops in high risk airports.

• Be aware and be flexible to pursuing alternative transportation options.

• Pre-arrange all transfers.

• Avoid bringing any items that identify you as a tourist, including any clothing with logos.

• Pre-book at least your first night’s hotel stay. Review the hotel ratings.

• Minimize your time in any common areas of airports as these are usually the least protected.

• Make sure you ask for identification and verification from anyone stating they are your transportation contact.

• Register with the Embassy or Consulate where you are traveling. Provide them with your contact information and itinerary.

• Ask the hotel staff what areas to avoid due to criminal activities or because they have been profiled as dangerous areas.

• Be aware of people following you or loitering and watching your comings and goings.

• Refuse unexpected packages from unknown persons, businesses or organizations.

• Report any suspicious activity to the local police and your embassy or consulate.

• Become aware of you safe areas such as police stations, hotels and even hospitals.

• Do not meet anyone in remote or unknown locations.

• Do not select taxis at random and on your own unless it has been pre-arranged by your corporation, host or hotel.

• Do not enter any vehicle claiming to be a taxi unless it is clearly identified as such.

• Before you close the door, ask to see the driver’s license if it is not in plain view. Compare the driver with the license. If they do not match, do not accept the ride.

• In high risk areas try to avoid driving or riding in any luxury vehicles.

• Avoid the predictable times and routes of travel.

• Avoid using back, country or deserted roads, especially at night.

• Drive in the center lane of a multiple lane highway. This would make it difficult for your car to be forced off the road.

• In crowded streets, always drive with windows up and doors locked. Bombs and other

objects can be thrown through open windows. Unlocked doors can be easily opened from the outside during stops in heavy traffic.

• Be prepared and have a plan if a situation should occur.

• If there is a disturbance outside your hotel, keep your drapes closed and stay away from the windows. Turn off all lights. If you must turn on any light, use the bathroom light and crack the door.

• If you hear any explosions, keep away from the windows; a second and possibly more violent explosion my follow. Seek shelter in your bathroom or an interior stairwell.

• If shooting starts, drop to the floor or get down as low as possible and try to shield yourself behind or under a solid object.

• Do not move until you are certain the danger has passed.

• Do not attempt to help rescuers and do not pick up a weapon.

• If you have to move, crawl on your stomach or as instructed by rescuers.

• Follow all instructions and/or orders given by the terrorists or rescuers.

32 Surviving a Hostage Situation

A traveler’s chances of being taken hostage are remote. Still, the risk exits and these tips are intended to help travelers survive a hostage situation:

• The most dangerous time of a hostage situation is the beginning and, if there is a rescue effort, the end.

• Victims need to be aware of the potential effects of the Stockholm Syndrome, a phenomenon in which captives slowly begin sympathizing with their captors and turn against their rescuers. At the outset, terrorists are typically tense and more likely to behave irrationally.

• Remain calm and alert. Be in control of your behavior.

• Believe that authorities are actively working for your release.

• Breathe deeply and prepare yourself mentally, physically and emotionally for the possibility of a long ordeal.

• Think positively and avoid a sense of despair.

• Rely on your inner resources.

• You are much more valuable to your captors alive and uninjured.

• Make sure you try to relax.

• Do not try to escape unless you are certain of being successful. Do not try to be a hero; this could endanger you and others.

• Avoid all physical resistance and sudden or threatening movements.

• Avoid belligerent behavior or being a bully.

• Do not whine or complain.

• Speak in a normal tone.

• Make sure you put yourself in a mode of passive cooperation.

• Start a daily program of mental and physical activity.

• Try to remain inconspicuous. Do not do anything that will make you stand out.

• Avoid any eye contact and any appearance of observing your captors’ actions.

• Eat any food or liquids and avoid any alcoholic beverages which may impair your judgment.

• Eat what they give you even if it does not look or taste appetizing.

• Avoid any discussions on politics or other confrontational subjects.

• Family is a universal topic. You may discuss family matters with a fair degree of personal safety and success.

• If they begin to question you, keep your answers short.

• Do not volunteer information or make unnecessary overtures.

• Maintain a sense of personal dignity and gradually increase your request for things of comfort.

• Keep all requests reasonable and request them in a very low key manner.

• Do not be afraid to advise any special needs such as medication.

• If you are lucky enough to be considered for early release, remember this is an opportunity to help the remaining hostages. Do not feel guilty.

• Remember details. Observe the terrorists, your location, your transportation and any movement, and the overall experience. This information can be helpful in launching a rescue operation.

• If you are being rescued, do exactly as the rescue forces direct.

• Seek cover and lie flat on the floor if necessary.

• Do not pick up weapons as the rescue forces could easily mistake you for the captors.

C. Natural Disasters

1. What You Need To Know

Weather forecasters currently predict a fairly accurate forecast and are usually able to provide you with at least 3 days advance notice, giving you the opportunity to make changes to your airline reservations and leave the area. However, if this is not possible, you should begin to make basic preparations.

• Find out as much as you can about past storm histories in the area. Does it usually flood? Is there usually a lot of wind damage? Do they generally lose power? What has been the biggest threat in that area during past storms? For example, you could be faced with the greatest threat from the building you’re in due to poor construction standards.

• Find out where to go and when the storm is due to impact your area. Do authorities suggest you leave the city and retreat to higher ground, perhaps outside the city center? Or you may decide to move to a different building in the same local area. It is important to notify your office and family where you are going, and once you reach your destination, let them know that you are okay and have reached it safely. If you decide to leave the area, find the best evacuation routes and find out how effective past evacuations in the area have been, i.e., very disorganized, very crowded, etc. and then plan accordingly.

• Once you know a storm will be striking your area, make sure you have enough bottled water and non-perishable food such as energy bars or dried fruit to last for several days.

• Make sure you have batteries for your flashlight or radio.

• Even a category 1 storm can knock out communications systems including cell phone towers. Do not assume you will be able to make calls or have internet access during or after a storm. Some areas, depending on the projected severity of the storm, may shut off electrical power hours before the brunt of the storm even hits an area. So be prepared to live without electrical power and communications for a few days.

• Local authorities will only issue a hurricane “Watch” when the storm is due to affect the area within 24 to 36 hours. Monitor local media for updated weather forecasts and evacuation notices.

• Secure your belongings. Review the evacuation plan. Make sure you obey all evacuation orders issued by the authorities. Some evacuations may be voluntary; others mandatory and some may only apply to non-residents. Make sure you are fully aware of the evacuation orders.

• If you are not able to evacuate or you choose not to leave, stay indoors and away from any glass windows or doors. Keep your curtains closed. Turn off any electrical appliances or turn them to the lowest setting. Shut off utilities if instructed to do so.

• If high winds exist, take shelter well within the interior of your building and close all interior doors. Secure and brace all exterior doors. Do not stay on the top floor of a building as this could be very dangerous due to roof damage.

2. Before, During, And After A Hurricane/Tropical Cyclone/Typhoon

• Understanding the difference in these terms will help you to determine the proper emergency levels.

• Hurricanes are also called tropical cyclones or typhoons depending on where you are in the world. These are extreme low pressure systems that most often form in the tropics and are some of the most destructive weather phenomena in the world. The type of damage caused by this type of storm is usually due to flooding and high winds. Hurricanes require tremendous amounts of energy to develop—the warm, moist air of the tropics is where this energy is found. Most hurricanes develop within 20 degrees of the equator and begin to dissipate as they move into the mid-latitudes. All three of the mentioned terms for a hurricane mean the same thing and are interchangeable:

• HURRICANE / TROPICAL CYCLONE / TYPHOON: An intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation and sustained winds of 74 mph (118 kph) or higher.

• TROPICAL STORM: An organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph (63-118 kph).

• TROPICAL DEPRESSION: An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (61 kph) or less.

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

(By Category, Wind Strength and Types of Damage)

CATEGORY WIND SPEED DAMAGE STORM SURGE

1 ( ONE) 75-95 mph Minimal: unsecured mobile 4-5 ft

119-153 kph homes, vegetation, and signs. 1.2-1.5 m

2 (TWO) 96-110 mph Moderate: all mobile homes, 6-8 ft

154-177 kph roofs, small boats, flooding 1.8-2.4 m

3 (THREE) 111-130 mph Extensive:small buildings, 9-12 ft

179-209 kph low-lying roads flooded 2.7-3.6 m

4 (FOUR) 131-155mph Extreme: roof destroyed, 13-18 ft

211-249kph falling trees, roads cut off, 4-5.5 m

mobile homes destroyed,

beach homes flooded

5 (FIVE) Greater than Catastrophic: buildings and greater than

155 mph and vegetation destroyed, major 18 ft / 5.5 m

249 kph roads closed or cut-off,

flooded roads and homes

Keep in mind that it is possible to have Category 3 winds with Category 4 storm surges. Stay informed of all storm reports so that you understand when and where any threats will occur.

Surviving A Tornado

Official Differences Between Tornado Watch/Warning:

• TORNADO WATCH

Weather conditions are conducive to the development of tornadoes in and near the watch area.

• TORNADO WARNING

A tornado has been sighted or indicated on radar and is occurring or imminent in the warning area.

• If A “Tornado Watch” Is Issued

Watch the skies for thunderstorms and tornado activity and monitor local media for up to the minute information. Report any funnel-shaped clouds to local authorities. Another sign of danger is dark, often greenish skies, large amounts of hail, and low-lying clouds. Look for rotating clouds and listen for a loud roar similar to a freight train.

Seek shelter such as a basement or storm cellar. If a basement is not possible, then move to an interior room or hallway on the lowest level and be prepared to act quickly. Protect your head and face from flying debris. Avoid seeking shelter inside of any large, span-roofed buildings such as malls or school gymnasiums. If unable to find a building for shelter, then crouch down for protection beside a strong structure or lie flat in a ditch or low-lying area and cover you head and neck with your arms or clothing.

Stay calm. As in any emergency, keeping a level head will help to alleviate the threat. If you are driving when a tornado occurs and no buildings for safety are available, leave the vehicle and lie as flat as possible in a ditch or as low as possible to protect yourself from the strong winds. Do not begin to try to out run a tornado.

Fujita Scale for Measuring the Intensity of Tornadoes

(Based on Wind Speed and Expected Types of Damage)

FUJITA SCALE WINDSPEED DAMAGE

F0 - Gale 40-72 mph Chimney damage. Tree damage.

Tornado (64-115 kph)

F1 - Moderate 72-112 mph Roof damage. Mobile home damage.

Tornado (117-180 kph) Automobiles forced from the roads.

F2 - Significant 113-157 mph Roofs torn off homes. Trees uprooted.

Tornado (181-252 kph) Smaller objects become missiles.

F3 - Severe 158-206 mph Severe damage. Roofs and some walls

Tornado (254-331 kph) destroyed. Trees uprooted. Heavy cars

and equipment lifted and overturned.

F4 - Devastating 207-260 mph Well constructed homes leveled.

Tornado (444-418 kph) Structures weakened. Cars thrown.

Large missiles generated.

F5 - Incredible 261-318 mph Houses lifted from foundations

Tornado (420-511 kph) and disintegrated. Trees debarked. Incredible devastation.

Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms. They can cause a tremendous amount of damage pulling up trees, destroying buildings, and making otherwise harmless objects into deadly missiles. A tornado can destroy a neighborhood in seconds.

A tornado usually appears as a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends to the ground and contains whirling winds that can reach upwards of 300 mph. Tornadoes may also appear in a slender, rope-like form. Some have a churning, smoky look while others contain multiple smaller individual tornadoes rotating around a common center. Still others can be almost invisible with large masses of swirling dust and debris at ground level as the only indications that a tornado is around. The path of a tornado can be greater than a mile wide and 50 miles long.

4. What To Do If Faced With A Flood

Flooding is a very common hazard after storms throughout the world. Every flood has its own unique personality. Some start slowly, over a period of days. Flash floods develop quickly and can occur within minutes of any warning. And this can happen even without visible signs of rain. A flash flood will have a dangerous wall of water that carries large rocks and boulders, mud, and other debris that can sweep away almost everything in its path. A broken dam can also produce the same affect as a flash flood. You can also have flooding that is produced by the overflowing of riverbanks or by storm surges on beach fronts. These can be just as destructive and dangerous as any other type of flooding.

Ask your hotel or your local office which areas may be more prone to flooding and which are higher risk areas. Find out what the local alarms or signals are for flooding and what to do when you hear them. If you are in an area prone to flooding, obtain information about the evacuation routes and prepare to evacuate.

Flash Flooding

If you find you are in an area that is prone to flash flooding, do not wait for official instructions to evacuate. If you see any signs of flooding, move quickly to higher ground. Listen to the local radio or television stations for up to date information. If you do not speak the local language, learn enough key words that will help to alert you to an emergency when it develops. Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons and other areas know to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warning signs as rain clouds or heavy rain. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground.

What To Do When A Flood Watch Is Issued

If the local authorities issue a flood watch, prepare to evacuate. Secure your important belongings. If you have to evacuate you may be limited as to what you are permitted to bring with you.

Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can knock you off your feet. If you must walk in a flooded area, walk where the water is not moving and use a stick or pole to check the ground in front of you for firmness. Also check for foreign objects or animals in the floodwaters.

Do not drive into a flooded area. Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling. A foot of water will float many vehicles. Two feet of water can carry away most vehicles, including sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks. If you have driven into floodwaters that rise around your car, leave the vehicle and climb to higher ground if you can do so safely. You can be quickly swept away as floodwaters rise.

Flood water can become contaminated by oil, gasoline, and raw sewage. The water could also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.

As the floodwater recedes, roads may have been weakened by the flood and could collapse under the weight of vehicles. Return to your lodging only when authorities advise it is safe to do so. Stay out of any buildings if they are surrounded by floodwaters as there could be hidden damage and danger. First and foremost, keep your safety and health in mind. Use soap and clean water to wash any body parts that have come in contact with flood water.

Find the local emergency shelters to obtain food and water. And, as always, keep a supply of bottled water and non-perishable food to last at least a few days.

Floods May Cause Landslides—How To Protect Yourself

Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth, and debris move down a slope. Landslides cause a tremendous amount of damage, injuries and deaths each year. Like floods, some landslides move slowly and damage gradually while some are as quick as flash floods and cause death and injury because there is so little warning.

Mudslides may also be called debris flows, mudflows, or debris avalanches. These are fast moving landslides. They usually begin on a steep hillside as shallow landsides that liquefy and accelerate to speeds of about 10 mph (16 kph) and can grow to 35 mph (50 kph). The consistency of “debris flows” ranges from watery mud to thick rocky mud that can carry large items such as trees and boulders.

Be observant before and during intense storms. Watch for any signs of land movement such as small slides, debris flows, or progressively moving trees or homes on nearby hillsides.

Be aware when driving. Embankments along roadsides are particularly vulnerable to landslides. Watch the road for signs of collapsed pavement, mud, rocks and other signs of possible debris flows.

Move quickly out of the path of landslides or debris flows. Find a safe area to move to. Flat lying areas are good locations along with areas along ridges set back from any slopes. Stay out of the slide area as more slides may follow.

Be cautious of broken utility lines, gas leaks, downed electrical wires, broken water pipes, etc. Also be aware of flooding which may occur after a landslide.

Once the Storm Has Subsided

• Find the nearest shelter or emergency area to obtain medical treatment, food, and water.

• Remain in your safe location until authorities state the situation is safe to leave and return to the evacuated area.

• Limit any travel as many streets will be littered with debris, downed power lines, and flooding. Emergency crews will be trying to work towards cleaning up the area.

• Do not drink or prepare any food with tap water unless it has been boiled until the local authorities declare the water supply as clean and safe. Keep in mind, many areas (especially in foreign countries) don’t have water that is fit for you to drink even if local authorities declare it clean.

• Avoid any downed power lines and report your findings to local authorities.

• Be alert. If you evacuated to higher ground, excessive rainfalls may cause unexpected flooding in higher elevations. This could put you at risk for a landslide.

What to Do During An Earthquake

Earthquakes can cause extensive damage to bridges, telephone lines and power lines and often result in fires, explosions and landslides.

Most injuries occur during an earthquake from falling debris. Do not try to enter or exit a building until after an earthquake. Stay low, stay covered and hold on. Minimize your risk. If you are in an office building, take cover under a sturdy desk, table or bench, or against an inside wall. Keep away from windows, glass doors, glass shelves, or anything else that could fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow unless there is a large light fixture over the bed—then get out from under it. If you are unable to take cover under a table or desk, then assume a crouching position, covering your head and face with your arms. Do not try to hide in a doorway unless you are certain it is a load-bearing doorway.

• If you are outdoors remain there but move away from buildings, lights, and power lines. Move away from any tall objects that might fall. Take cover and grab something to cover your head and face from falling debris and glass.

• Be aware that the electricity may go out and the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may go off. Do not use the elevators.

• As in any natural disaster, if you must go out, be aware of falling debris, weakened or downed power lines, and collapsed buildings, roads, bridges and sidewalks. If you are driving when the quake begins, stop the vehicle as soon as possible, but not on any bridges, overpasses or underpasses, or near any buildings. Try to avoid stopping near any trees or utility wires as they may fall pinning you in your vehicle.

• If you are trapped, do not light a match as there may be broken gas lines. Do not move about kicking up dust that could cause difficulty breathing. If possible, cover your mouth and nose. Shout out to rescuers as a last resort as this could cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust. Try tapping on pipes and walls to assist rescuers in locating you.

• After the quake stops, be prepared for aftershocks. Aftershocks are usually less violent but still strong enough to cause further damage.

• Check yourself for any injuries. Do not try to move anyone who is seriously injured unless there is immediate danger of death or further injury. If you have to move someone, the first thing you should do is stabilize their neck and back. Then try to reach emergency personnel and notify them of the injuries.

• If your electricity goes out, use a flashlight or battery-powered lantern. Do not light any candles, lighters, or matches after an earthquake because of the possibility of gas leaks.

• Make sure you wear good, sturdy shoes with covered toes to protect your feet from glass and falling debris.

• If you smell flammable liquids, gasoline fumes, or hear hissing or blowing sounds in the building you are in, vent the area immediately by opening doors and windows to the outside and leave the building as quickly as possible. If you are going to shut off the gas valve, you must do it prior to turning off the electricity. Switch off the electrical power at the main fuse box or circuit breaker if electrical damage is suspected.

• Do not flush the toilet until you are sure that the sewage pipes are intact.

• Do not use any phones unless it is to report an emergency. Keep phone lines open for emergency personnel.

• Stay off the streets. If you must go out, watch for falling debris, downed electrical wires, and weakened walls, bridges, roads and sidewalks.

D. Health Tips

11 Eating and Drinking While You Travel—Do It Safely

• In many parts of the world, ingesting the local food and water can be one of the biggest hazards while you are traveling. Travelers often end up with diarrhea, an upset stomach or even a life threatening illness following unwise food and drink selections.

• Water and Beverages

Drink bottled water if you think the drinking water might possibly be unsafe. Drinking the local water supply can cause stomach upset for travelers whose systems are unaccustomed to the local bacteria.

When drinking bottled water, make sure the seal has not been broken. If possible, select a brand you are familiar with. Avoid ice in any drinks unless you are sure it has been made from bottled or boiled water. Do not swallow water when showering or use the tap water when brushing your teeth. Avoid beverages such as lemonade and fruit juices that may be made with local tap water. If you must purify your water, vigorous boiling is recommended. When boiling is not possible, disinfect the water using iodine. Simple filtering of water does not remove dangerous organisms. Filtered water must also be treated chemically to ensure safety. Most major hotels provide you with bottled water in your room.

• Food

Avoid undercooked or raw meat and seafood. Seafood, even if it is cooked properly, may be harmful. Avoid eating shellfish from contaminated waters. In foreign countries, standards for edible fish and seafood may vary significantly from what we are used to. While traveling in foreign countries, try to have all of your meals in major and upscale restaurants or hotel restaurants.

Do not eat any food sold by street vendors. Avoid any buffets where food may have been sitting out for a long period of time.

When eating fruits and vegetables in third world countries follow this rule: IF YOU CAN’T PEEL IT, DON’T EAT IT. Avoid leafy green vegetables including lettuce because you cannot be sure that it has been cleaned properly. Be careful of unpasteurized dairy products including milk, cream sauces, yogurt, and ice cream. Stay with cooked vegetables, meats and other foods served hot, as well as processed foods that are canned or pasteurized. Other safe foods are breads and baked goods.

12 Traveling With Diarrhea

13 Preventing And Managing Diarrhea

Undoubtedly the most common illness affecting travelers, diarrhea occurs when microbes such as bacteria, parasites, or viruses are ingested from contaminated food or water. Travelers are affected with diarrhea most commonly when traveling to developing countries such as Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. It has been estimated that 20 percent to 50 percent of all international travelers develop diarrhea.

14 Symptoms

Traveler’s diarrhea is a term used to describe stools that are more liquid and more frequent than normal. Diarrhea may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. The duration is generally 3 or 4 days. When traveling in rural and tropical climates, you may be at a higher risk for traveler’s diarrhea. High risk groups include younger children, those who risk eating at places off the beaten path, and those who may have suppressed immune systems. Surprisingly, those individuals who use certain acid inhibitors such as Prilosec and Prevacid may be at a higher risk for diarrhea. Individuals with chronic medical problems such as inflammatory bowel disease or diabetes mellitus and children may be at higher risk of complications from traveler’s diarrhea.

15 What To Do To Prevent Diarrhea

Paying attention to what you eat and drink can minimize the risk of traveler’s diarrhea. Eat foods that are freshly cooked and served hot. Avoid foods that are washed in water such as salads, fresh fruit, and vegetables. Avoid any foods that sit out. Avoid buffets, roadside stands and street vendors. In certain areas milk may be diluted with impure water and fruit juices may be reconstituted with impure water. Avoid tap water. Drink bottled water and bottled carbonated beverages. Brush your teeth and even rinse your tooth brush with bottled water, and do not drink the water while you are taking a shower.

Pepto Bismol taken 2 to 4 times a day has been shown to reduce diarrhea by about 40 percent. However, if you don’t tolerate or are allergic to aspirin, you should not use Pepto Bismol as an allergic reaction to the aspirin in the product can cause a blackish discoloration of your tongue and stool. It has also been found that antibiotics may be useful in the prevention of diarrhea. Antibiotics prescribed prior to travel for use if diarrhea develops should be considered for higher risk destinations.

16 Treatment Of Diarrhea Without Having To Go To The Doctor

You can take Ciprofloxacin or Norfloxacin, which are antibiotics used commonly to treat diarrhea. These should be taken twice daily for one to three days and have proved to be very effective in getting rid of the bacterial cause of the diarrhea. Bacteria account for about 85 percent of diarrhea cases in most destinations.

Replacement of fluids and electrolytes is essential. Drink enough fluids to maintain adequate output. Do not drink any alcoholic beverages and avoid milk and milk products as well. Drink tea or broth and carbonated beverages. There are other drinks available that have been designed to maintain electrolyte balances and are more rapidly absorbed than other fluids. These drinks are often used for children when they are experiencing dehydration and can be found in most supermarkets or drugstores.

Imodium will also help reduce the symptoms of diarrhea. It will not cure diarrhea but will usually slow it down to a manageable level. This can be especially helpful when traveling due to the limited facilities. If you still have diarrhea after you return home, you should contact your physician immediately. Avoid foods that are high in fiber or fat and milk products as these could worsen symptoms and slow your recovery.

E. How to Obtain A VAT Tax Refund

VAT –Value Added Tax - A value-added tax or VAT Tax as it is commonly referred to, is not a sales tax, but you need to think of it as one when you travel. Forty countries currently levy a fee or tax on all goods and services that go through production. This is a VAT Tax. The amount that you will be taxed is based on the value the production chain adds to the goods and services you are purchasing. The VAT can add substantially to the final cost of your purchased item. These charges can range anywhere from 6% to 25% depending on which country you are in and the type of goods you are purchasing.

Many countries in Europe and even Canada will allow foreign visitors to reclaim a portion of the VAT Tax you have paid on your foreign purchases. Although rules may vary from country to country, sometimes the amount you are allowed to reclaim may not make it worth the process. However, if you are planning to make any large purchases, you should be aware of the recovery process and whether it is allowed in the country you are visiting.

Each country has a threshold amount that must be spent before you are eligible to file for the recovery of VAT payment you made. This may include the total amount spent within the country, it may be the total amount spent in one store within one country you visited, or it may be a minimum amount paid per item.

As you shop, ask for a VAT refund form, which is a government document that will prove you made the purchase. You will need to show your passport when obtaining the refund form to prove that you are a foreign visitor.

In some countries, you can obtain the VAT refund at the airport prior to departing that country. In this case, they normally will charge an administrative fee to process the paperwork for you. Other countries will require you to complete the form and mail the paperwork after you return home. No matter which country you are leaving, stop at the customs desk at the airport or checkpoint before checking your luggage. Officials may ask to see the items for which you are claiming a VAT refund.

The refund process can take several months. Your refund may be in the form of a payment to your credit card or a check. Keep in mind that cashing a foreign check at your local bank often requires that you pay a substantial fee.

VAT refunds are useful for business travelers as well as leisure travelers. Businesses often can receive refunds for the VAT Taxes paid on business expenses incurred while overseas, including travel costs, operating expenses, trade show expenses, and related costs. Contact your Professional Travel Account Manager and they can provide you with information to help you process your company’s VAT Tax refunds.

Most states in the U.S. require their residents to pay a “use tax” on certain goods brought into their states, and states are becoming stricter about collecting these use taxes. The use tax usually serves as a substitute for the sales tax the state would have collected if the item had been purchased within the state. At least one state, Virginia, has decided that payment of a VAT Tax in a foreign country does not relieve a Virginia resident of the obligation to pay Virginia’s use tax and does not count against the use tax amount.

|Without a VAT refund, U.S. travelers could end up paying taxes twice on the same purchases. | |

|  | | |

| | | |

-----------------------

TRAVEL SMART

Professional Travel, Inc.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download