Title of Abstract:

Conventional postlateral approach for percutaneous lumbar discectomy could not be performed due to anatomical variations including high iliac rim, narrow interspace, and steep angle. Transpinal (extradural) L5 percutaneous microdecompressive endoscopic lumbar discectomy approach was described and utilized. In addition, lower level non-ablative lower Holmium laser energy was applied for the ... ................
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