APWH Unit 1 Exam MC Questions



Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.Use the map below to answer questions 1 and 2. Which of the following statements could be supported by the evidence found in this map?Powerful monsoon winds prevented Indian sailors from reaching East Africa.Indonesian sailors dominated the Indian Ocean trade.Trade contributed to the growth of coastal cities with shipping ports.Cotton textiles from India were heavily in demand around the Indian Ocean basin.Which of the following political states would have had the least ability to control trade in the Indian Ocean during the time period shown on the map?Yuan Dynasty ChinaWestern European KingdomsIslamic CaliphatesGreat Zimbabwe All the following reflect the influence of the culture of the northern steppes on northern Chinese elites in the Tang dynasty EXCEPT the Turkic style of battlegreater freedom women enjoyedtribute systemdrinking of yogurtWhich of the following is an example of how Japan, Korea, and Vietnam combined elements of Chinese culture with local traditions in the pre-modern period?The development of a writing system that combined Chinese characters with phonetic symbolsThe merging of Shinto and Daoist views of humanity’s relationship to the natural worldThe assimilation of Hindu and Buddhist reincarnations into the local pantheon of godsThe incorporation of the civil service examination system into the tribute systemIn recent decades, some historians have challenged negative images of pastoral societies in world history. Which of the following evidence would best support this historical reinterpretation?Nomadic peoples were by nature pacifist and have been exploited and manipulated by agrarian civilizations.The Turkic states raided nearby civilizations and extorted tribute payments from established states.The Arabs had a reputation for ruthless brutality and destroyed all civilizations that resisted conquest.The Mongol capital at Karakorum had places of worship for Buddhists, Daoists, Muslims, and ChristiansCompared to women in agricultural civilizations, women in pastoral societies before the 16th centurydid not engage in productive laborhad no domestic responsibilitiesenjoyed a greater role in public lifecould not remarry or divorceAlthough they have no basis in the Quran, all of the following patriarchal controls on Muslim women came to be identified as Islamic as a result of the absorption of local traditions into Islamic practice EXCEPTpolygamy“honor killings”seclusion of womenfemale circumcisionUse the passage below to answer questions 8 and 9. At that time the harvest failed for several years in a row…Menggu ordered the officials to travel around announcing that those who returned to their property would be exempt from taxes and services for three years.Chinese epitaph for the Honorable Menggu, 1274The exemption for taxes and labor service during times of bad harvest by Menggu reflects the influence of which set of ideas?ChristianityConfucianismHinduismIslamBased on the information provided, it can be reasonably inferred that Menggu served as an official during the dynasty ruled by the MongolsArabsHansManchusUse the images below to answer questions 10 and 11. Both images (taken 2010, B. Brown) come from the Hagia Sophia (Aya Sophia in the Islamic world) in Istanbul, Turkey.How do the photos demonstrate a major difference between the respective religions?Only Christians accepted individuals into their faith at a young age.Muslims believe in the depiction of humans is inappropriate in their faith.Christian artwork was more advanced then Islamic in the 15th century.Islamic artwork relied more heavily contrasting colors.Placement of the images near the top of the religious structure represents that both religionsunderstood the symbolism of “looking to higher powers”made use of symmetry to help promote their religionmade use of natural sunlight to illuminate their artworkhad advanced tools and mechanicsThe controlling of the former Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans helped to increase and expand European sea explorationbring about the rise of Qing Dynasty in Chinabring an end to the bitterness between Greeks and Byzantinescontrol the spread of the black plagueSome scholars have argued that of all the areas that came under Mongol rule, Russia was the most affected. Which of the following evidence would support this historical interpretation?Mongol migrants settled in Russia and established themselves as an aristocracy.Mongol herdsmen converted farmland into pastures, permanently destroying soil fertility.Russian peasants converted to Islam in great numbers and married Mongol soldiers.Russian princes adopted the diplomatic rituals, court practices, and military draft of the Mongols.Which of the following policies of Mongol rulers facilitated the exchange of ideas and techniques throughout Eurasia in the 13th and 14th centuries?The forcible transfer of skilled and educated people to distant parts of the empireThe use of siege warfare and cannons in their military conquests.The creation of an imperial bureaucracy that excluded the local populationThe establishment of a taxation system that significantly increased state revenuesWhich of the following describes how the preference for luxury items in the Silk Road trade affected ordinary people?People from the lower classed could live the lifestyles of the powerful and wealthy.Artisans in India began mass-producing wool and linen textiles to satisfy local demand.Peasants in China shifted from the cultivation of crops to the production of silk, porcelain, and iron tools.Merchants focused on local trade where the volume was higher, the profits more predictable, and the risks minimal.Use the passage below to answer questions 16 and 17. Travels of Ibn Battuta, 1353Never have I seen in all the lands of the world men more excellent in conduct than the Khwarizmians (Oxus River region of Central Asia), more generous in soul, or more friendly to strangers. They have a praiseworthy custom in regard to [the observance of] prayer-services namely that each of the muezzins in their mosques goes round the houses of those persons neighboring his mosque, giving them notice of the approaching hour of prayer. Anyone who absents himself from the communal prayers is beaten by the imam [who leads the prayers] in the presence of the congregation, and in every mosque there is a whip hanging for this purpose…Ibn Battuta’s reflections on his experience in Central Asia best reflect which attribute of Islam:That all travelers should be welcomed in and taken care of by their hosts.That all Muslims are called to prayer five times a day and it is obligatory to participate.That he is in the midst of completing the Hajj.That he is actively trying to win converts to the religion by highlighting its core beliefs.Ibn Battuta’s observations on Central Asia provide evidence that allows us to conclude what about Islam in the Post-Classical Era?Islam was able to use merchants and missionaries to spread rapidly throughout Eurasian landmass.Islam was able to win converts in spite of the fact that it was a religion that handed down severe punishments on its followers for non-adherence.Islam was a slow spreading religion that took time to reach all areas of the Eurasian landmass.Islam was tolerant of believers of other faiths so as long as they were able to pay a tax for the privilege to do so.Alone Looking at the MountainAll the birds have flown up and gone; A lonely cloud floats leisurely by.We never tire of looking at each other - Only the mountain and I.?What does the popularity of poems like the one above by Li Bo and those of his friend and fellow poet Du Fu reveal about Tang Dynasty China?Contemplation of nature was discouraged by Buddhist monksTang China enjoyed both literature and leisureTang emperors had closed off China from the rest of the worldChina remained disunited and at war during Tang timesThe photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the 14th century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?(A) Imposition of religion through military conquest(B) spread of religion along trade routes(C) abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization(D) conflict between local and universalizing religionsCahokia, the recently excavated settlement shown above, provides evidence thatMesoamerican cities were less advanced than previously believedAlaska was home to the earliest known AmericansPhoenicians probably reached the Americas by seaLarge native settlements existed in the Mississippi valleyThe population shift from 800 CE to 1200 CE on the above table reflectsthe end of warfare between China and its neighbors.the diffusion of plague and smallpox along long-distance trade routes.the influence of Buddhist monasticism on Chinese society.the effects of the introduction of champa rice into China.From 600 CE-1450, which of the following BEST describes the cultural impact of the spread of trade networks from the Middle East to regions such as West Africa and Southeast Asia?The introduction of new crops from the Middle East transformed the inhabitants into subsistence farmers.Muslim merchant communities were established throughout the regions.West African and Southeast Asian leaders engaged in a flowering of maritime exploration that led to new sailing innovations. Syncretism between Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and local tribal religions occurred along regional trade networks.Which achievements are most closely associated with the Golden Age of Islamic culture?mosques, medical books, and algebragunpowder, pagodas, and silkaqueducts, roads, and polytheistic templescolumns, theory of a sun-centered universe, and democracyThe economic wealth of Calicut, Mogadishu, and Venice in the 13th century was primarily dependent on theirfertile soil gold minesiron ore coastal locationsWhich of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history?The rise of the Aztec and Inca empiresThe economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the Black DeathThe incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchangeThe emergence of new religious movements in various parts of the worldSource: Basil Dmytryshyn, ed.,Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700,Academic International PressWhich civilization most influenced the style of Russian architecture shown in this photograph?UmayyadFrenchByzantine PersianBefore 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa’s commercial economy?Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa.The Mali–Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa.Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe.The Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance trade.The graph above shows the effect of which of the following?The fall of the Roman Empire on population growthThe Agricultural Revolution on food suppliesPlague on the populations of Asia and EuropeThe fall of the Byzantine Empire on population growthBetween 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following? The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean North Africa and western Europe East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea CHINESE POPULATION 600–1200 C.E. YearPopulation600 45 million800 50 million1000 60 million1127 100 million1200 115 million Which of the following best explains the changes in China’s population shown in the table above? Immigration to China increased due to religious persecution of Buddhists in India and Southeast Asia. Agricultural output increased as a result of the use of the new crop strains, iron plows, and expanded irrigation. Less warfare with neighboring states and nomadic peoples also meant fewer casualties in wars and a population increase. The Confucian emphasis on the importance of family led many Chinese to have more children. Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.? The bulk of the trade consisted of low-priced commodities. Muslim merchants dominated the trade. European Christians became directly involved in the trade. Most trade was carried by horse rather than by people. Use the passage below to answer questions 32 and 33. “The evil-disposed in these districts [of England] began to rise, saying, they were too severely oppressed; that at the beginning of the world there were no slaves, and that no one ought to be treated as such. . . . This they would not longer bear, but had determined to be free, and if they labored for their lords, they wanted to be paid for it. A crazy priest in the county of Kent, called John Ball, who for his absurd preaching, had been thrice confined in prison, inflamed those ideas. He would say: ‘Are we not all descended from the same parents, Adam and Eve? and what can the lords show, or what reasons give, why they should be more the masters than ourselves?’ ” Jean Froissart, account of a peasant revolt in England, 1381 45. The description of the peasant revolt best supports which of the following conclusions? Peasants were hostile to the idea of wage labor. Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance. Peasant demands for equality were supported by the highest levels of religious leaders. Peasant revolts were more frequent in England than elsewhere in this period. The point of view of the author can best be described as sympathetic to the peasants hostile to the peasants indifferent to the peasants’ grievances sympathetic to the leaders of the revolt “I charge the Caliph after me to fear God, and I commend the community of Muslims to him, to respect the great among them, not to strike them and humiliate them, not to oppress them and drive them to unbelief, not to close his doors to them and allow the strong to devour the weak.”--Muhammad, Hadith (c.610-632)This statement best supports which of the following pillars of the Islamic faith?HajjGiving to the poorPraying five times a dayDeclaration of faith: “There is no God but God, and Muhammad is His Prophet.”Missionaries Cyril and Methodius connected the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and Russia by bringing commonLanguage and Religion to the regionTrade and Union to the governmentGovernment and theology to the ByzantineTradition and Isolation to EuropeFrom this map and knowledge of the “Viking Age” (c. 793 to 1066 C.E.), which statement below is the most plausible reason for Viking expeditions.A desire to explore and trade with others motivated the Vikings to seek out new lands. Technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled Vikings to venture down rivers and far beyond the safety of the coast.Due to harsh conditions and overcrowding in Norway and Sweden, creating colonies elsewhere was the primary concern of Viking exploration. The main purpose of Viking expeditions was to steal goods and acquire slaves to work as thralls. With the trade of Taudenni's prized salt, came the ability to move people, information, and ideas across the Sahara desert. During the 12th and 13th centuries, Timbuktu became not only a center of great wealth but of Islamic study. Scholars from across the Islamic world, some from as far away as Persia, journeyed for months across the sands of the Sahara in order to teach and study in the mysterious oasis of Timbuktu.The new camel saddles actually evolved in response to the need for? Global warming caused the desert to expand and the trip was longerThere was a shortage of horses and the nomadic peoples turned to camelsAn increased carrying capacity and thus the profitability of the overland trade Crossing the desert was faster and people wanted to be more comfortableWhich of the following was an important continuity in Eurasian history from 1000C.E to 1500C.E? Hindu political dominance of the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia The importance of the Silk Roads in cultural exchanges across Eurasia The ‘Abbasid Caliphate as the dominant power in southwest Asia The military superiority of Western Europe over other regions of Eurasia A major difference between the Inca and the Aztecs in their treatment of conquered people is that the Incarequired labor rather than payment of tributetreated conquered people more harshlyrefrained from enslaving their captivesallowed conquered people to retain their cultureUse the tables below to answer question 40. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data in Table 1?The Tang emperors’ legitimacy continued to be challenged in many parts of China, even as their prestige outside of China grew.The great majority of economic transactions in Tang China continued to be carried out through barter.Long-distance trade resulted in the establishment of new cities and diasporic merchant communities.Long-distance trade routes were active during the early Tang period, even as most trade in China remained local. ................
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