What’s New with Flu?

[Pages:30]What's New with Flu?

Han Ha Youn, M.S. Influenza Surveillance and Response Coordinator

Disease Investigation Branch Hawaii Department of Health

History

History

? 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic

? Approximately 500 million people (one third of the word's population) became infected ? At least 50 million deaths worldwide ? About 675,000 in the United States

? High mortality in healthy people

History

? 2009 H1N1 (Swine Flu) Pandemic

? First detected in the United States and quickly spread across the country and the world.

? 60.8 million cases ? 274,000 hospitalizations ? 12,500 deaths in the United States ? Estimated between 151,700 and 575,400

deaths worldwide

Background

? Arguably most common respiratory viral infection worldwide ? Causes serious disease annually in US with 5-20% infected ? Usual targets: extremes of ages, those with underlying

medical conditions ? Transmission

? Usually spread person-to-person via large respiratory droplets

? May pick up from contaminated surfaces and then touch mucosal areas

Symptoms

? Clinical presentation ? Symptoms develop after an incubation period of approximately 2 days (ranges from 1-4 days) ? Contagious approximately 1 day before and up to 7 days after symptom onset ? Illness duration 3 to 7 days

Contagious Period From 1 day before to 7 days after symptoms

Flu symptoms lasting 3-7 days

Incubation Period 2 days

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Symptoms

? Abrupt onset of nonspecific constitutional and respiratory signs and symptoms ? Fever ? Nonproductive cough ? Sore throat ? Fatigue ? Body aches ? Headache ? Runny nose ? May exacerbate underlying medical conditions ? Complications ? Dehydration ? Pneumonia ? Ear/sinus infections

Prevention and Control

Preventing and controlling a flu infection requires many steps including:

1. Vaccination 2. Hand hygiene 3. Antiviral treatment and prophylaxis

4. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth 5. Routine cleaning of surfaces

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