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Name:Honors StatisticsDate:Problem Set One: Due __________Displaying and Describing Categorical/Quantitative DataIn a December 2000 report, the U.S. Census Bureau listed the levels of educational attainment for Americans over 65. Create an appropriate display for these data, and write a sentence or two that might appear in a newspaper article about the report.Education LevelCount (thousands)No high school diploma9,945H.S. graduate, but no college11,701Some college, no degree4,4812-year degree1,3904-year degree3,133Master’s degree1,213Ph.d. or professional degree757A May 2001 Gallup Poll found that many Americans believe in ghosts and other supernatural phenomena. The poll was based on telephone responses from 1012 randomly selected adults. The table shows the percentages of people who expressed belief in various phenomena.PhenomenonPercent Expressing BeliefPsychic healing54ESP50Ghosts38Astrology28Channeling15Is it reasonable to conclude that 66% of those polled expressed belief in either ghosts or astrology?Can you tell what percent of people did not believe in any of these phenomena? Explain.Create an appropriate display for these data.To improve the structural design of oil tankers with the objective of reducing the likelihood of an oil spill and decreasing the amount of outflow in the event of a hull puncture, a study (Marine Technology, Jan. 1995) reported the spillage amount and cause of puncture for 50 recent major oil spills from tankers and carriers. Here are displays. Write a brief report interpreting what the displays show. Is a pie chart an appropriate display for these data? Why or why not?Can you design a Simpson’s paradox? Two companies are vying for a city’s “Best Local Employer” award, to be given to the company most committed to hiring local residents. While both employers hired 300 new people in the past year, Company A brags that it deserves the award because 70% of its new jobs went to local residents, compared to only 60% for Company B. Company B concedes that those percentages are correct, but points out that most of its new jobs were full-time, while most of Company A’s were part-time. Not only that, says Company B, a higher percentage of its full-time jobs went to local residents than did Company A’s, and the same was true for part-time jobs. Thus, Company B argues, it’s a better local employer than Company A.Show how it’s possible for Company B to fill a higher percentage of both full-time and part-time jobs with local residents, even though Company A hired more local residents overall.Some federal employees have the authority to carry firearms and make arrests. Obviously some danger is associated with these jobs, but how much? The table below summarizes the rates of assault and injury (or death) for these employees for five years, 1995-1999.AgencyAssaults (per 1000)Killed-injured (per 1000)Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms31.12.2Capitol Police5.03.6Customs Service9.75.1Drug Enforcement Agency17.91.1Federal Bureau of Investigation3.91.2Immigration and Naturalization Services14.12.5Internal Revenue Service1.70.2U.S. Marshal Service9.73.0National Park Service38.715.0Postal Service5.72.9Secret Service9.73.0Create a visual display of these data.Describe the data (shape, center, spread, unusual features).Which agencies are outliers?Accidents involving drunk drivers account for about 40% of all deaths on the nation’s highways. The table tracks the number of alcohol-related fatalities for 20 years.YearDeaths (thousands)YearDeaths (thousands)198225.2199217.9198323.6199317.5198423.8199416.6198522.7199517.2198624.0199617.2198723.6199716.5198823.6199816.0198922.4199916.0199022.0200016.7199119.9200116.7Create a stem-and-leaf display or a histogram of these data.Create a timeplot.Using features apparent in the stem-and-leaf display (or histogram) and the timeplot, write a few sentences about deaths caused by drunk driving.Students were asked how many songs they had in their digital music library. Here’s a display of the responses. What aspect of this distribution makes it difficult to summarize or to discuss center and spread?What would you suggest doing with these data if we want to understand them better? ................
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